{

:
A n m
a11 a12 a1m
a

a
22
2m
A = 21

an1 an 2 anm
)Rank(A
0 1 2 1
: A = 1 2 3 2

3 1 1 3
: A

:
0 1 2
0 1 1
0 2 1
1 2 1
1 2 3 = -2 , 1 2 2 = -2 , 1 3 2 = -2 , 2 3 2 = -2
1 1 3

3 1 3

3 1 3

3 1 1

A 3 Rank(A)=3

A

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:
/ )( .
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m n :
a11 x1 + a12 x2 + + a1n xn = b1
)(1.1

a21 x1 + a22 x2 + + a2 n xn = b2

am1 x1 + am 2 x2 + + amn xn = bn
) (1.1
.
AX = B
:
a11 a12 a1 n
x1
b1
a
x
b
a22 a2 n
21
2
,
A=
X = ,
B = 2

am1 am 2 amn
xn
bn
A X B .
A,B
)(A|B

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b1
b2

bn

a1n
a2 n

amn

a11 a12
a
a22
21

= )( A | B

am1 am 2

x1,x2,x3
.


)=rank(A)=rank(A|B
.1
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< ) rank(A)=rank(A|B
.2
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) rank(A) < rank(A|B .
.3
:

a11 x1 + a12 x2 + + a1n xn = 0

a21 x1 + a22 x2 + + a2 n xn = 0

am1 x1 + am 2 x2 + + amn xn = 0
AX = 0
a11 a12 a1 n
a
a22 a2 n
21
.
A=

a
a

a
m1 m 2
mn
x1=x2==xn=0

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/ :
= ) ran(A
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:

x+ y+z=3
3x - 2 y + 4 z = 5
4 x + 3 y - 5z = 2

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3 1 1 1 3
-4 ~ 0 1 9 10

-1 -9 -10 0 -5 1 -4
3
10

1
1
1

1
-5

3 1
5 ~ 0

3 -5 2 0
3 1 1 1
10 ~ 0 1 9

46 0 0 1
1
4

1
-2

1
( A | B ) = 3
4
1 1 1
~ 0 1 9

0 0 46

z = 1, y = 1, x = 1

:
x
y
.
:
x + 2 y + 3z = 3
2x + 3y + 8z = 4
3 x + 2 y + 17 z = 1

) ( 01

2x + 3y - 2z = 5
x - 2 y + 3z = 2
4x - y + 4z = 1

) ( 02

2 x + y - 3z = 5
3x - 2 y + 2 z = 5
5 x - 3 y - z = 16

) ( 03

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( 04 )

x + 2 y - z + 3w = 3
2 x + 4 y + 4 z + 3w = 9
3 x + 6 y - z + 8w = 10

( 05 )

x + 2 y - 3z + 2w = 2
2 x + 5 y - 8z + 6w = 5
3x + 4 y - 5 z + 2w = 4

( 06 )

x + 5 y + 4 z - 13w = 3
3 x - y + 2 z + 5w = 2
2 x + 2 y + 3 z - 4w = 1

( 07 )

x + 2 y - 5 z + 4w = 0
2 x - 3 y + 2 z + 3w = 0
4 x - 7 y + z - 6w = 0

( 08 )

x + 3y - 2z = 0
2x - 3 y + z = 0
3x - 2 y + 2 z = 0

( 09 )

( 10 )

x - 2y + 2z = 0
2x + y - 2z = 0
3x + 4 y - 6 z = 0
3 x - 11 y + 12 z = 0
x - y - z -u = 5
x + 2 y + 3 z + u = -2
2 x + 2 z + 3u = 3
3 x + y + 2u = 1

Mohammed_nh@yahoo.com { }

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}

3 x + 2 y - z = -15
5x + 3 y + 2 z = 0
3 x + y + 3 z = 11

) ( 11

11x + 7 y = -3
x - 2y + z - w = 3
2x - 3 y = 3
x- y - z +u =0

) ( 12

x + 3y - z = 4
x + 2y + z = 2
3x + 7 y + z = 9

) ( 13

x + y + z +u = 6
2x + y - z = 3
3 x + y + 2u = 6

) ( 14

x - 3y + 2z = 0
-x - 2 y + 2z = 0
-2 x + y = 0

) ( 15

x + y + 2z = 0
2x + y + z = 0
3x - y + z = 0

) ( 16

x - 3y + z + u = 0
2x - 6 y - z - u = 0
) ( 17
- x + 3 y + z + 2u = 0

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} Mohammed_nh@yahoo.com {