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ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺻﻝ ﺳﻧﻠﻘﻲ ﻧﻅﺭﺓ ﻣﺧﺗﺻﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺧﻭﺍﺻﻬﺎ .ﺳﻧﺗﻧﺎﻭﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺻﻝ
ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺿﻳﻊ ﺍﻵﺗﻳﺔ:
. 1ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺟﻬﺎﺕ ) ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻳﺔ (.
2.ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺟﻬﺎﺕ.
3.ﺍﻟﺿﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻱ.
4.ﺍﻟﺿﺭﺏ ﺃﻻﺗﺟﺎﻫﻲ.
ﺃﻥ ﻛﻝ ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻡ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺟﻪ .ﻓﻲ ﻛﻝ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺑﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺟﻪ ﻣﻥ ﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ ﺑﻌﺩﻫﺎ
ﻳﺗﺣﺭﻙ ﻭﺣﺩﺗﻳﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻳﺳﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺧﻣﺱ ﻭﺣﺩﺍﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ .ﻭ ﺳﻧﺭﻣﺯ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺭﻣﺯ 〈𝑣𝑣⃑ . = 〉2,5−
ﻳﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺟﻪ ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺗﺟﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻳﻧﻣﺎ ﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻭﻱ.
⃑� � ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻁﺔ 〈 ⃑𝑣𝑣 = 𝑎𝑎1,ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺿﺎء ﺫﻱ
�𝐴 𝐴 ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺩﻳﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻳﺔ ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻳﻡ 〉𝑎𝑎2
𝐴
𝑎𝑎1, = 𝑣𝑣⃑ 〈 ,𝑎𝑎2ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺑﺩﺃ .𝐴𝐴 = (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎1 , 𝑦𝑦 +ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺟﻪ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ
ﺑﺎﻟﻧﻘﻁﺔ 〉𝑎𝑎3 )𝑎𝑎2 , 𝑧𝑧 + 𝑎𝑎3
1
ﻣﺗﺟﻪ ﺍﻟ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻣﺛﻳﻝ
)𝑦𝑦 𝐴𝐴 = (𝑥𝑥,ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻭ ) 𝐴𝐴 = (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎1 , 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑎𝑎2ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺟﻪ ﺗﻣﺛﻳﻝ ﺍﻣﺎ 〉 𝑣𝑣⃑ = 〈𝑎𝑎1 , 𝑎𝑎2, 𝑎𝑎3
� ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻁﺔ 𝐴𝐴 = (𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦,ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺿﺎء ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻻﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻫﻭ ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﻳﻡ
)𝑧𝑧 �𝐴 𝐴
𝐴
�
⃑
1
( 𝐴 = )0,0,0ﻭ ﻳﻧﺗﻬﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﻘﻁﺔ ) . 𝐵 = (𝑎1, 𝑎2, 𝑎3ﻳﺳﻣﻰ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻣﺗﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ position
vectorﻟﻠﻧﻘﻁﺔ ).(𝑎1, 𝑎2, 𝑎3
ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺑﺩﺃ ﺑـﺎﻟﻧﻘﻁﺔ ) 𝐴 = (𝑎1, 𝑎2, 𝑎3ﺑﺎﻟﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﻳﻧﺗﻬﻲ ﻭ ) 𝐵 = (𝑏1, 𝑏2, 𝑏3ﻫﻭ:
⃑� � 𝐴�
) 𝐵 = 𝑣⃑ = (𝑏1 −𝑎1 , 𝑏2 − 𝑎2 , 𝑏3 − 𝑎3
ﻻﺣﻅ ﺍﻻﺗﺟﺎﻩ ﺑﺩﻗﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺑﺩﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﻘﻁﺔ ) 𝐵 = (𝑏1, 𝑏2, 𝑏3ﻭ ﻳﻧﺗﻬﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﻘﻁﺔ
𝐴 = 𝑎3) 𝑎2, (𝑎1,ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﻣﺛﻳﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺻﻭﺭﺓ:
2
𝑐. 𝑤�⃑ = 〈0,0〉
𝑑. 𝑢�⃑ = 〈1,0,0〉
2
.aﺍﻟﺣﻝ.
1
‖𝑎⃑ ‖ = (9 + 25 + 100)2 = √134.
ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ ﺗﺗﺭﻙ ﻛﺗﻣﺭﻳﻥ ﻟﻠﻁﺎﻟﺏ.
ﺗﻌﺭﻳﻑ .ﺃﻱ ﻣﺗﺟﻪ ﻁﻭﻟﻪ ﻳﺳﺎﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻳﺳﻣﻰ ﻣﺗﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺓ . vector unit
standard ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺔ1. .ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺿﺎءﺍﺕ ﺛﻼﺛﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﻭﺟﺩ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺗﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ
basis vectorﻭﻫﻲ:
2.ﻻ ﺗﻘﺗﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺿﺎءﺍﺕ ﺛﻧﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺛﻼﺛﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﻝ ﻳﺗﻌﺩﻯ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺿﺎءﺍﺕ
ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺩ space n-dimensional n -ﻭ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﺗﺟﻬﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺻﻳﻐﺔ:
3