KE®AAAIO 1 Avavvopatiny Avédvon HT yefen tm Btavuouaruets avdhuons tnogel va arhoroufoet onuctixt to cuuBokioud ory uehérn cov Wexcptouod at cov UoyvAoUOS. ANA népa ad ave try ahoroljan, 7 Bicuoucra avdhuon gépvet ovo (uns xa 70 quoud vor tov eEwsdocwv. To xegdhaio aud éyet oxond var kapovatiicet ila oSvroymy aad xan rion avéeuEn tov Boowdy orouyeloy tye Biavuouae was avdivoms xe va neoorplet ta nparetoa} yvbon tou Deuaros, nov eva amagalenty Ya TH UEérn tov ThexrptoLOd xa tov UaYvmToUOS. Ma T0Vs covayvdores nou elvan 4By, Eovetouévor ue wy Burvuoucrnnd) avihuon, to xe- gédouo cruré a arocehéoet ye yorouun enarvadfy rare rat to erocryoryt oro ovfohiayd nov axohoudelrat oxo PiBRlo. 1.1 OPISMOL Eon uchéry 76 Baowals Svoveig cwavrotue ueyéin Biapdpev eiBeov. Euy- xexpuudva, brooclvoune 4 Bailuord ueyéin xo ca Burvoouernd ueyey, Pia nic Bucks ua arviyxec, opxel var oploouue x0 Saduard ueyetlos os eB: BaQuors ovowitera to ueye0os nou yaparcrnpleran whiipe and 10 uérpo TOV. TlapaBelyuarca Parduordy ueyeddy elvea: 1 usa, 0 ypdvoc, 0 byx0¢ xx. Mia. arbi exduraon ty Ewotas vou Baduarod ueyéBous elvan x0 PaDpuars blo — 1a ouvégrnan me Bors now elvat rhifpac xaBopisyeyn a6 10 LEtpO amg o¢ Ghat ta omelet tov xdgov. To Beivuoua trope va optorel es Bt: Andrvope ovoudterat to ueyedos nov yapecerrpleran whip ond uetg0 tov vex thy serebBovor, rou.2 KBAAAIO 1. AIANTEMATIKH ANAATEH Ng rapaBelyyara Binwoudroy aveupépouse un dor evds ontielou ws xpos la xaopioueyn apy, TIy Ton(tena, oy entréguvon, Srarvopueeind nebo, rou arorehel a yevixeuan =7¢ Ewvouts vou Brana, oper ta ouvdpran ims Bors nov xaoplera Aifpas and vo UexpO THs rant cry soretuver Tyg a xSde ontelo tou ySpou. Autol ot optoyot unopoty va exhertuvdody xan va enextadoty. Mpdyyar i, ovo Magdprra BY ue th yohon wettoynuariouey, cnrcoxadlowaveat cd repisabrepo replzhoxous op.ouots. ExirAéov, tnopotue va oploouyte nto no Domdova ueyEOn, dng ia napdBeryua. tous TawuaTés. Novéao, va Badluwrd rent To Bucoruoyorxd: eyed, elvan, sexed ueydho nocoar6, va wove rou Oa. adeno 22, Bovoyiy xk. ‘To yoetaarolse ws x0 1.2 AIANYSMATIKH AATEBPA Byécov n dhe wv Baduordsy elvat ywoort otoy avery worn, at yonawo- roundel ia thy andorevEn te Blowwuouoruets SyeBpas. Va v foptooyse oF auth ony one En, eva xpfiuo va oplaoue ula avamagderrann, tov Bia woudeiy as, TY aur6 10 oxond etattyoute 10 xaptecavé rptoBiéotaro obornua ouvrerayuévay. Ga to oupohiZoure ue Ts Tpets NEB TEs 2, ys 2, fy Orov Biewnohtves nepraobrepo, ue wig 1,22, 23. 05 xpos avr vo oboTr uo cuvteranruevan, Eva Buwoua xadopiZeran and tg 2, y- xan -oumorsaes 20. Erouévng, éva Bnuoua! V xadoptierar ané mig oumoréizes tov Vey Vin £00 Ve = |V] cosa1, Vj = |V] cosa, V- = [V]eosas, xa. ot yovies a et- vat aurés nou oyrucrite ro Buiwvoua Ve tov veiororyo dEova ouvtetaryue- vov. To Boduwtd [V| = \/V2 + V2 + V2 etvan to pétpo tov Baviouaros V 470 prjxog tov. Seny nepleswor, awouariny reBley, xéb_ ouneréo: ia cuvigtron wav 2, y xa 2. Exo orpielo ound da xpénet va towavel 6x1 elotryery tou xapteauv0d ovotiuartos ovvreray eve Eywe yu arhonolnar, xa xaintnepy atavénon, hot ot optouol xat ot eguguoy és elvan aveBdpe te ané sry exdoyy tov avaviaros uveeTayueKaV. To ddpoioua B40 Burwoudcwy ofiferme ws to Brdwwous tov oroioy ot oumaréoes civat v0 d@poiqua twv anelororyinv aumarwatiy Tv a yoKy Bae woud. Erouévac, av C chan to ddgaoua tov Ave B, ypdgouue C=A1B (ua) xa Cy = Ag+ Bey Cy = Ay + By A. + Be (1.2) Aurés 0 opioids tov apolouaras Braruaudeuay elvan waoBivaos Ue TOY vo ox xavbva. tov napadkrpoypsuiuoy ya thy xpdcdeon Biawuoudroy. H apalpcon Bixwoudoy operat ue om Bordeta tou antiderou Busou 106, tov orolov ot cumotdaes elvat ot avriBeres tov avelototyou apyixon Rao Ties Oa ovuoh Coven ye évxove yeu1.2. AIANTEMATIKH AATEBPA 3 Braviouaros. ‘Brot, ay 10 A civ éva Bidwous, 10 A opiterm ard us oytoec: (-A)e=—Ar, (Aly = Ay, (A) = — As (1.3) H pdr, mms apalgeons opitera vote udow uns Spowys tov anvelderou Bx voouatus nan ypsiyerat: A-B=A+(-B) (4) joov 1 npdadeon npxyuorondy apiudy elvat nposerarplatdh aL Ue raietwet, éreran 6ct n Rodadeom, (xan 1 cepaipeor) Biavuoudrey elvat an at rpocetauptotixt xot Leradetuef, Se Stavuouervet, wopyA, utd eupawterat oc: A+(BY+O)=(A+B)+C (15) =(A+C0)+B=A+B+C Me dha Réyta, ot nagevildoeis Bev elven averyxates, dnws patveron xan amd ay tehevials oon, Tpoyapiveas idea oery rpdy tov nokharkactaquos, raperygotue du 10 amhotiotepo vivduevo elvan uns oper: Ballard ext Bubwoua. Auri y BiaByxacla Biver Eve Bvivuoua, tou oxolou ot cumoréaes elvan vo ywéuEvo 100 Baduor0d ext ray avetoroyyn ounorioa tov apyv04 Biavieuares. AV x0 c elva Baduard ueyebog xa to A Biduoua, to B = cA opltera wc: By=cAe By=CAy, Bs =cds (1.6) ivan gervep6 dx ay 10 A elvan éva. Grav uoparind nebio wat x0 ¢ evn bv lB peotd re5i0, to B elvat éva véo Bravuoyorixd reBlo, dy unoypewtixd cradegs rokharkdowo tov A. Bury repieroon notharhactacyod 860 Bunvoutray Bueplvoyse Bio re pirrboes, Taotés os Bunvouarixé xa Somduerd yoduevo. To Baduard ywduevo -6rou to évoud tov uRoBeuevier xan to elBog Tov ‘yivauEvou- over udera enlons xa coorepird yrrdevo. O opvads tou Baduerod youévou, 20 orolo ypdiwperat ws A- B, elvan: A-B= A,B, + AyBy + AsBs (1.7) Aurés 0 oplouids elvan woBinvayos Ue vov lous mio ywaoTé optus, BrAaB ye 10 Baluaré yorduevo toot ue to Yusuevo wy UerpoY Tov Bio apxextv Biawoyitay ent v0 cuvrtrovo ons yawlas nov oxnyartZoy 1a Blavéourr. Aya A ven B elvan acer wero tous, ore: A-B=0 To Boduard yoruevo etva userid. To ynfpos tou Buxviouertos A. ypde erat ws: |A|=VA-A