DRUG STUDY

DRUG ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE-

EFFECTS
NURSING
CONSIDERATION
Generic
name:
Rifampicin

Brand name:
Rifadin

CIass:
Anti-TB
Agents /
Antileprotics

AvaiIabIe
Forms:
RFAMPN
150MG
CAPSULE
S
RFAMPN
300MG
CAPSULE
S

nhibits DNA-
dependent
RNA
polymerase
activity in
susceptibleM
ycobacterium
tuberculosis
Organisms.
Specifically, it
interacts with
bacterial RNA
polymerase
but does not
inhibit the
mammalian
enzyme.
For both
tuberculosis
and
meningo-
coccal
carrier state
contraindicated in
patients with a history
of hypersensitivity to
rifampin or any of the
components,
Patients who are also
receiving ritonavir-
boosted saquinavir due
to an increased risk of
severe hepatocellular
toxicity.
fever,
chills, body
aches, flu
symptoms;
joint pain
or swelling;
easy
bruising or
bleeding,
weakness;
urinating
less than
usual or
not at all;
or
nausea,
stomach
pain, loss
of appetite,
itching,
dark urine,
clay-
colored
stools,
jaundice

1. Administer on
an empty stomach,
1 hr before or 2 hr
after meals.
2. Administer in a
single daily dose.
3. Consult
pharmacist for
rifamoin
suspension for
patients unable to
swallow capsules.
4. Prepare patient
for the reddish-
orange coloring of
body fluids (urine,
sweat, sputum,
tears, feces,
saliva); soft
contact
lenses may be
permanently
stained; advise
patients not to
wear them during
therapy.
5. Warning:
arrange for follow-
up visits for liver
and renal function
tests, CBC, and
ophthalmic examin
ation.






DRUG ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE-
EFFECTS
NURSING
CONSIDERATION
Generic
name:
piperacillin

Brand name:
Pipracil

CIass:
antiinfective;
beta-lactam
antibiotic; anti
pseudomonal
penicillin

AvaiIabIe
Forms:
For injection
-2.25 g
single-dose
vial
containing
piperacillin
sodium
equivalent to
2 g of
piperacillin.
-3.375 g
single-dose
vial
containing
piperacillin
sodium
equivalent to
3 g of
piperacillin.
By binding to
specific
penicillin-
binding
proteins
(PBPs)
located inside
the bacterial
cell wall,
Piperacillin
inhibits the
third and last
stage of
bacterial cell
wall
synthesis.
Cell lysis is
then
mediated by
bacterial cell
wall autolytic
enzymes
such as
autolysins; it
is possible
that
Piperacillin
interferes with
an autolysin
inhibitor.
For the
treatment of
polymicrobial
infections,
uncomplicat
ed and
complicated
skin and skin
structure
infections,
peritonitis,
postpartum
endometritis
or pelvic
inflammatory
disease,
community-
acquired
pneumonia
(moderate
severity
only),
nosocomial
pneumonia
(moderate to
severe).

History of allergic
reactions to penicillins,
cephalosporins, or
beta-lactamase
inhibitors;
hypersensitivity to any
component of the
product.ty.
Pro
longation
of bleeding
time, Ana
phylaxis,
Nausea,
Vomiting,
Diarrhea,
Thrombo
phlebitis.
1. For V
infusion only.
Not for
intradermal,
subcutaneous,
M, V bolus, or
intra-arterial
administration.
May be used in
ambulatory V
infusion pump.
2. Multiple
concentrations
are available for
reconstitution.
Ensure proper
concentration is
being used.
3.f using ADD-
Vantage
antibiotic vial,
carefully follow
manufacturer's
instructions for
assembling vial
and flexible 50
or 100 mL
diluent
container,
reconstituting
drug, and
preparing for
administration
4. Piperacillin/
tazobactam in
Galaxy
containers
should not be
used in children
who require less
than the adult
dose.


DRUG ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE-
EFFECTS
NURSING
CONSIDERATION
Generic
name:
Fluconazole

Brand
name:
DFLUCAN

CIass:
Anti-TB
Agents /
Anti
leprotics

AvaiIabIe
Forms:
-
Fluconazole
50 mg
tablets
-
Fluconazole
100 mg
tablets
-
Fluconazole
150
mg tablets
-
Fluconazole
200 mg
tablets
-
Fluconazole
powder for
oral
suspension
(which is
mixed by a
pharmacist
to a
concentratio
n of 10 or
40 mg per
nhibits the
fungal cyto
chrome
P450 enzy
me 14d-
demethylas
e.
Mammalian
demethylas
e activity is
much less
sensitive to
fluconazole
than fungal
demethylas
e. This
inhibition
prevents
the
conversion
of lanosterol
to ergoster
ol, an
essential
component
of the
fungal cytop
lasmic
membrane,
and sub
sequent
accumulatio
n of 14d-
methyl
sterols.
For the
treatment of
oropharyngeal
, esophageal,
and vaginal
candidiasis;
serious
systemic
candida
infections;
Cryptococcus
neoformans
meningitis. t
is also used
as a
preventive
measure for
candidiasis in
bone marrow
transplants.
Fluconazole is
used in the
treatment of
coccidioidomy
cosis, crypto
coccosis,
onycho
mycosis,
fungal
pneumonia,
septicemia,
and ringworm
of the hand.
Have known
hypersensitivity to
other azole
medicine
Are taking
terfenadine, if
400 mg per day
multidose of
fluconazole is
administered
Concomitant
administration of
fluconazole and
quinidine,
especially when
fluconazole is
administered in
high dosages
Pregnant.
.
Hyper
sensitivity
reaction
(fever, chills,
rash,
pruritus)
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Headache
Constipation
Diarrhea
Nausea
Vomiting
,

1. Do not use
parenteral form if
solution is cloudy,
precipitate forms,
seal is not intact,
or is discolored.
2. Establish
baseline for CBC
potassium, and
hepatic function
studies.
3. Monitor for liver
or renal function
tests, potassium,
CBC, and platelet
count.
4. Determine
pattern of bowel
activity and stool
consistency.
mL,
depending
on the
strength)
-
Fluconazole
2 mg per
mL
injection.


DRUG ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE-
EFFECTS
NURSING
CONSIDERATION
Generic
name:
soniazid

Brand name:
nydracid

CIass:
nicotinic acid
derivatives
soniazid
systemic

AvaiIabIe
Forms:
soniazid 100
mg Tablets
soniazid
50mg/5ml
Syrup
soniazid
300 mg
Tablets

. This
medication
is used with
other
medications
to treat
active
tuberculosis
(TB)
infections or
alone to
prevent
those who
have a
positive TB
test from
developing
symptoms
of TB.
soniazid
belongs to
a class of
drugs
known as
antibiotics
that are
active
against
tuberculosis
. nterferes
with lipid
and nucleic
For
treatment of
pulmonary
and extra
pulmonary
TB.
Contraindicated in
patients who develop
severe hypersensitivity
reactions, including
drug -induced
hepatitis; previous
isoniazid-associated
hepatic injury; severe
adverse reactions to
isoniazid such as drug
fever, chills, arthritis;
and acute liver disease
of any etiology.
Peripheral
neuropathy,
Nausea and
vomiting,
Thrombo
cytopenia
,Local
irritation at
M site,
Epigastric
distress
,Elevated
AST
O
History: allergy to
the drug.
1.Can cause
peripheral
neuropathy
This is manifested
by tingling
sensation on
extremities. t can
be prevented
through use of
supplemental vita
min
B6 (pyridoxine).
2.Physical: skin
color, lesions, T;
orientation,
reflexes, peripheral
sensitivity,
bilaterally grip
strength
ophthalmologic
examination; R,
adventitious
sounds; liver
evaluation;
CBC;LFTs renal fxn
tests, blood
glucose.
3. Give in an empty
stomach 1 hr
before or 2 after
acid
biosynthesi
s in actively
growing
tubercle
bacilli

meals; may be
given with food if G
UPSET OCCURS.
4. Give in a single
daily dose. Reverse
parenteral dose for
pt unable to take
oral meds.
5. Dec. foods
containing tyramine
or histamine in
pt diet.
6. Consult doctor
and arrange for
daily pyridoxine in
diabetic, alcoholic
or malnourished pt
also for pt that
develops peripheral
neuritis, and those
with HV.

DRUG ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE-
EFFECTS
NURSING
CONSIDERATION
Generic
name:
ethambutol

Brand name:
Myambutol

CIass:
Anti-
tuberculotic

AvaiIabIe
Forms:
Ethambutol
100 mg
Tablets
Ethambutol
400 mg
Tablets

Bacterio-
static against
actively
growing TB
bacilli, it
works by
obstructing
the formation
of cell wall.
Disruption of
the
arabinogalact
an synthesis
inhibits the
formation of
this complex
and leads to
increased
permeability
of the cell
wall.
For use, as
an adjunct,
in the
treatment of
pulmonary
tuberculosis.
should not be used in
hypersensitivity to the
preparation and with
known optic neuritis
Loss of
appetite,
upset
stomach,
vomiting,
numbness
and
tingling in
the hands
or feet,
optic
neuritis
blurring of
vision

1. Assess patient
for infection
(appearance of
wounds, sputum,
VS, urine and stool
and WBC.) at
beginning and
during therapy.
2.
Obtain specimens
before initiating
therapy. Take drug
as indicated.
3.Not to be given
to children 6 years
below due to optic
neuritis
4.Provide
supplemental
vitamin A. if
not contraindicated

DRUG ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE-

EFFECTS
NURSING
CONSIDERATION
Generic
name:
albuterol

Brand
name:
salbutamol

CIass:
bronchodila
tor
(respiratory
smooth
muscle
relaxant),
beta-
agonists


AvaiIabIe
Forms:
-Solution for
inhalation:
0.083%,
0.5%, 0.63
mg/ml, 1.25
mg/3 ml
-Syrup: 2
mg/5 ml
-Tablets: 2
mg, 4 mg
-Tablets
(extended-
release): 4
This drug
relaxes the
smooth
muscle in the
lungs and
opens
airways to
improve
breathing. t
is used to
treat asthma,
chronic
bronchitis,
emphysema
and to
prevent
exercise-
related
asthma.
To relieve
bronchospas
m
associated
with acute or
chronic
asthma,
bronchitis, or
other
reversible
obstructive
airway
Diseases.
Also used to
prevent
exercise-
induced
bronchospa
sm.

Contraindicated in
patients hypersensitive
to drug or its
ingredients.

Dry
mouth,
irritated
throat,
dizziness,
headache,
lightheade
dness,
heartburn,
loss of
appetite,
altered
taste
sensation,
restlessne
ss,
anxiety,
nervousne
ss,
trembling,
and
sweating
may occur
but should
subside
as your
body
adjusts to
the
medicatio
n.
-Drug may
decrease
sensitivity of
spirometry used
for diagnosis of
asthma.
-When switching
patient from
regular to
extended-release
tablets,remember t
hat a regular 2-mg
tablet every 6
hours is equivalent
toan extended-
release 4-mg
tablet every 12
hours.
-Syrup contains no
alcohol or sugar
and may be
taken by
children as
young as age 2.
-n children, syrup
may rarely cause
erythema
multiforme or
Stevens-Johnson
syndrome.
-The HFA form
uses the propellant
hydrofluroalkane
(HFA) instead
of
chlorofluorocarbon
s.
-Alert: Patient may
use tablets and
mg, 8 mg

aerosol together.
Monitor these
patients closely for
signs and
symptoms of
toxicity.