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Culture Documents
Node Positive Breast Cancer
Oncologic Drug Advisory Committee
Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Breast
Cancer
Larry Norton, M.D.
Memorial SloanKettering Cancer Center
New York, New York
Adjuvant Chemotherapy
of Primary Breast Cancer:
What We Know
• Chemotherapy Improves DiseaseFree and
Overall Survival
• Polychemotherapy > Monochemotherapy
• Multiple Cycles > Single Exposure
• No Major Advantage to Durations > 3 Months
• Anthracycline Combinations > CMF
Early Breast Cancer Trialists’
Collaborative Group
Impact of Prolonged Polychemotherapy On
Reducing (in % ± SD) Annual Odds of...
Lancet Vol. 352, 9/98
Simulation of Impact of Chemotherapy
Annual Odds of
100
Recurrence:
Nil = 15%/Yr
% Free of Recurrence
80
CMF = 11.4%/Yr
60 (Reduced by 24%)
40 AC = 10%/Yr
AC (Reduced by 12%)
CMF
20 Nil
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Years
Adjuvant Chemotherapy
of Primary Breast Cancer:
What Else We Know
• Adriamycin Doses < 40mg/m2 are
Inferior to 60 mg/m2 (CALGB 8541)
• Cyclophosphamide Doses > 600 mg/m2
are not Superior (NSABP B22)
• Chemotherapy Seems More Effective
in ER Than ER+ Disease (EBCTCG)
Early Breast Cancer Trialists’
Collaborative Group
Impact of Prolonged Polychemotherapy On
Reducing (in % ± SD) Annual Odds of...
Lancet Vol. 352, 9/98
Adjuvant Chemotherapy
of Primary Breast Cancer:
How To Improve
• DoseEscalate Anthracycline?
• Integrate New Agents?
– Chemotherapy?
– Biological Agents?
• Improve Drug Scheduling?
– DoseDensity, Sequential?
Recently Approved New Drugs for the
Treatment of (Advanced) Breast Cancer:
• Paclitaxel
• Docetaxel
• Capecitabine
• Trastuzumab
Adjuvant Chemotherapy
of Primary Breast Cancer:
Why Paclitaxel?
• Active as First Chemotherapy for Stage IV:
5259% Response Rates
(M.D. Anderson, MSKCC et al.)
• Active after Extensive Prior Chemotherapy,
Including AnthracyclineResistant Disease:
2230% Response Rates
(NCI, MSKCC et al.)
“Normal” Dose Intensity & Dose Escalation
1012
1010
Cell Number
108
106
104
102
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Months
“Normal” Dose Intensity & Dose Escalation
1012
1010
Cell Number
108
106
104
102
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Months
“Normal” Dose Intensity & Increased Dose Density
1012
1010
Cell Number
108
106
104
102
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Months
“Normal” Dose Intensity & Increased Dose Density
1012
1010
Cell Number
108
106
104
102
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Months
Alternating Therapy is Not Dose Dense
1012
1010
Cell Number
108
106
104
102
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Months
Sequential Therapy is Dose Dense
1012
1010
Cell Number
108
106
104
102
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Months
Stage II Breast Cancer with
≥4 Involved Axillary Lymph Nodes
Doxorubicin CMF
Bonadonna et al., JAMA, 1995
Stage II Breast Cancer with
>4 Involved Axillary Lymph Nodes
60
50
% at 10 Years
40
RelapseFree
30 Survival
Overall Survival
20
10
0 p = .002
ACMF CMF/A
Bonadonna et al., JAMA, 1995
CALGB 9141 (Pilot)
NodePositive Stage IIIIIA (N=172)
Cyclophosphamide
2000 mg/m2 Paclitaxel 175 mg/m2
+ G-CSF
Doxorubicin
75 mg/m2
130/145 (89.7%)of Patients Starting Paclitaxel Completed Rx.
On Paclitaxel: 25% Grade IV Leukopenia
4% Grade IV Thrombocytopenia
Demetri et al., ASCO1997
Intergroup 0148/CALGB 9344
NodePositive Stage IIIIIA
Cyclophosphamide
Tamoxifen forHR(+)
600 mg/m2 Paclitaxel 175 mg/m2
Doxorubicin mg/m2
60
Randomize
75
No Further
Chemotherapy
90
GCSF
Relationship of
CALGB 9344 (Int 0148)
to
Current U.S.
Cooperative Group Trials
NSABP B28
NodePositive Stage IIIIIA
Paclitaxel 225 mg/m2
Cyclophosphamide
600 mg/m2
(Survival)
Doxorubicin
No Further
60 mg/m2 Chemotherapy
Concomitant Tamoxifen x 5 Years for HR(+)
or Postmenopausal (Age ≥ 50)
Intergroup/CALGB 9741
NodePositive Stage IIIIIA
3Week Cycles 2Week Cycles (w/ GCSF)
Doxorubicin (A) 60 mg/m2
Paclitaxel (T) 175 mg/m2
Cyclophosphamide (C) 600 mg/m2
Intergroup/SWOG 49 LN+ Trial
C
A T
Randomize
STAMP I
C or
STAMP V
A
Intergroup/ECOG Stage II Trial
HER2 ()
Paclitaxel
Tamoxifen if HR(+)
Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2
Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2
Docetaxel
Integration of Biological Agent:
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
NSABP Stage II Trial
HER2 (+)
Paclitaxel
Tamoxifen if HR(+)
Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2
Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2
Etc.
Herceptin
Intergroup/NCCTG Stage II Trial
HER2 (+) Paclitaxel
Tamoxifen if HR(+)
Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2
52 wks
Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2
52 wks
Herceptin
CALGB Stage IIIB Trial
(HER2+)
Tamoxifen if HR(+)
Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2
Paclitaxel 90 mg/m2 Surgery
&
RT
Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2
• Integrates Paclitaxel
– Active as a Single Agent
– Active PostAnthracycline
• Minimizes Incremental Toxicity
• Allows Integration of Biological Therapy