Trait and Factor Theories

Trait and Factor Theories

Basic premise: we are attracted to a given career by our

particular personality and numerous variables that constitute our background Basic Principles Know oneself: aptitudes, abilities, interests, limitations Know the job market Apply true reasoning when matching oneself to an occupation The counselor provides information about clients personality characteristics and what occupations would be a nice fit for the client based upon these characteristics

Trait and Factor Theories

Parsons (1909)

Study the individual Survey the occupations Match the individual to the occupation

Trait and Factor Theories

Williamson and Darley (1937) Presenting career concerns

No Choice Uncertain choice Unwise chose Discrepancy Williams and Darley (1937) 1. Analysis 2. Synthesis 3. Diagnosis 4. Prognosis 5. Counseling 6. Follow up

Hollands Theory of Personality

Formal Statements Individuals can be classified by personality type Environments can be classified by personality type We search for environments that are a good fit Behavior is an interaction of personality and environment Limitations The theory leaves no room for variables such as: gender, ethnicity, age etc. and the impact these variables play in the career matching process

Hollands Theory of Personality

6 Modal Personality Types

Realistic Investigative Artistic Social Enterprising Conventional

Hollands Theory of Personality

Key Concepts

Congruence Consistence Differentiation Identity Calculus Modal Occupational Environments 6 environmental types

Hollands Theory of Personality

Inventories Based on Hollands Model

Self Directed Search (SDS) The Vocational Preference Inventory (7th ed.) My Vocational Situation (MVS) Vocational Interest (VI) Position Classification Inventory (PCI) The Career Attitudes and Strategies Inventory Strong Interest Inventory (SII) Career Assessment Inventory (CAI)

Hollands Theory of Personality

Validating the constructs: Spokane, 1996; Osipow and

Fitzgerald, 1996; Holland, Fritzsche, and Powell, 1994 Hartung, Coh, and Gaylor (2001) Birth order and Holland personality type Smart, 1997; Smart & Feldman, 1998; Thompson & Smart, 1999 Faculty personality types and student personality types Fit between Holland code and work environment Hot Debate: are personality and interests the same constructs?

Hollands Theory of Personality

Spokanes (1991) recommendations of gathering

occupational information Record both + and reactions to occupations Gather occupations that match interests Focus on depth Career counseling is a behavioral and cognitive process

 Trait and Factor Career Counseling Model (Dawis, 1996)

Conduct the intake interview Identify developmental variables Assessment Identify and solve problems Generate a PEF analysis Confirm, explore, decide Follow up