:

(POPs)
GF/2732-03-4652
GF/4030-03-15

, 2010

o je

.

(POPs)
(GEF) (UNEP),
.


BDP -
BAT - (.- Best Available Techniques )-
- (.- Best Environmental Practice)
CAS No. - (.- Chemical Abstracts Service number) -
CIDA - (.- Canadian International Development Agency)-

CLRTAP - (.-Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution) -

DDT - (.- 1,1,1,-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane)) - 1,1,1--2,2-()-
DEF- (.- Danube Environmental Forum)-
EC DG Environment - (.- European Commissions Directorate General Environment)

EAR - (.-European Agency for Reconstruction)
ECPA - (.- European Crop Protection Association)
EEA - (.-European Environment Agency)
EMAS (.-Eco-Management and Audit Scheme)

EMS (.- Environmental Management System)

FAO - (.-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) -

GEF - (.-Global Environmental Facility) -
GTZ - (.- German Agency for Technical Cooperation) -

HACCP (.- Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) -

HCB - (.- Hexachlorobenzene) -
IAEA (.- International Atomic Energy Agency) -

ICAO (.- International Civil Aviation Organization) -

ICPDR - (.- International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River )

IMF - (.- International Monetary Fund) -
IMO - (.- International Maritime Organization) -
ILO (.- International Labour Organization) -
IOM - (.- International Organization for Migration) -

ISO 9001 (.- International standard for Quality management systems) -

IPPC (en.- Integrated Pollution Prevention nd Control)

ISO 14000(.- International standard for Quality management systems)

ITU (.- International Telecommunication Union) -
4

JICA - (.- Japan International Cooperation Agency)

NPEP - (.- National Programme for Environmental Protection)

PAH - (.- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) -
PBT - (.- Persistent, Bioacumulative and Toxic) - --
PCB - (.- Polychlorinated biphenyl) -
PCT (.- Polychlorinated terphenyl) -
PCDD (.- Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins) - -p-
PCDF (.- Polychlorinated dibenzofurans ) -
T - (.- Polyethylene terephtalate) - -
PFOS - (.- Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid /perfluorooctane sulfonate ) /
PIC - (.- Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in
International Trade)

POPs - (.- Persistant Organic Pollutants) -
PSMS- (.-Pesticides Stockpile Management System )

REACH - (.- Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals substances)

, ,
REC- (.-Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe) -

SDC - (.-Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation)

SIDA (.-Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency)

TAIEX (.-Technical Assistance and Information Exchange)

UNFCCC (.-United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) -

UN - (.-United Nations ) -
UNDP - (.-United Nations Development Programme ) -
UNECE - (.- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe)

UNEP (.-United Nations Environmental Program) -

UNIDO - (.- United Nations Industrial Development Organization) -

UNESCO (.- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
UPU - (.- Universal Postal Union) -
USAID - (.- United States Agency for International Development)

USD
WHO (.-World Health Organization) -
WB - (.-World Bank ) -
WIPO - (.- World Intellectual Property Organization) -

WMO - (.-World Meteorological Organization) -
5


dm3-
ha-
kg-
km-
km2-
kW-
l-
m-
mm-
-
MW-
g-
ppm-
t-


1: .......................................................................................................................9
1.1
.................................................................9
1.2
...............................................................................................12
2.:
POPS ..................................................................................................................................................16
2.1
...............................................................................................16
2.1.1
- ............................................................ 16
2.1.2
................................................................................................ 18
2.1.2.1
............................................................................................................ 18
2.1.2.2
............................................................................................................. 20
2.1.3
..................................................................................................... 21
2.1.3.1
..................................................................................................................................... 21
2.1.3.2
............................................................................................................................... 24
2.1.3.3
..................................................................................................................................... 25
2.1.4
........................................................................ 27
2.1.4.1
- ................................................................................................................... 27
2.1.4.2
-...................................................................................................................... 27
2.1.4.3
- ............................................................................................................. 28
2.1.4.4
.......................................................................................... 28

2.2

.......................................................................30
2.2.1
......................... 30
2.2.2
,
......................................................................................................................................................... 36
2.2.3
......................................................................................................... 39
2.2.4
POPs ........................................................................ 41

2.3

POPs ......................52
2.3.1
......................................................................................................................................................... 52
2.3.2
POPs ,
............................................................................................................................................................... 52
2.3.2.1
POPs ............................................ 52
2.3.2.2
........................................................................ 61
2.3.2.3
.................................... 70
2.3.2.4
........................................................................................................................................ 72
2.3.3
PCB .......................................................................................................................... 75
2.3.3.1
........................................................................................................................................ 75
2.3.3.2
PCB ..................................................... 82
2.3.3.3.
PCB PCB ................. 83
2.3.3.4
PCB ........................................................................................ 84
2.3.3.5
PCB.................................................................................. 84
2.3.3.6
...................................................................................... 88
2.3.3.7
............................................................................................ 90
2.3.3.8
PCB ............................................................................... 91
2.3.3.9
........................................................................................................................................ 92
2.3.4
POPs (PCDD/PCDF, HCB
PCB) 94
2.3.4.1
................................................................................................................................................ 94
2.3.4.2
POPs ,
............................................................................................................................................... 94
2.3.4.3
POPs ................................................ 95
2.3.4.4
POPs ........................................................... 97
2.3.4.5
....................................................... 114
2.3.4.6
...................................................................................................................................... 115
2.3.5
,
.................................................................................................................................. 117
2.3.5.1
POPs ............................................................................................................... 117

2.3.5.2.
....................................................................................................... 117
2.3.5.3
PCB .................................................................................................................................... 117
2.3.5.4
............................................................................................................ 124
2.3.5.5
...................................................................................................................................... 128
2.3.6
POPs (, , )
............................................................................................................................................. 131
2.3.6.1
POPs .................................................................... 131
2.3.6.2
POPs ............................................................................................. 134
2.3.6.3
POPs ........................................................................................ 148
2.3.6.4
POPs .................................................... 157
2.3.6.5
POPs ............................. 158
2.3.7
, POPs ............................ 158
2.3.8
POPs ....................................................... 160
2.3.8.1
....................................................................... 160
2.3.8.2
................................................................................................................... 161
2.3.8.3
......................................................................................................................... 163
2.3.8.4
............................................................................................................... 165
2.3.8.5
............................................................... 166
2.3.8.6
....................................................................................................................... 167
2.3.8.7
..................................................................................................................... 168
2.3.8.8
..................................................................................... 170
2.3.8.9
... 171
2.3.8.10
................................................................................. 173
2.3.8.11
...................................................................................................................................... 174
2.3.9
, ,
, ................................ 175
2.3.9.1
..................................................................................................... 175
2.3.9.2
....................................................................... 176
2.3.9.3
............................. 178
2.3.9.4.
, ,
, ,
POPs
179
2.3.9.5
............................................................................... 180
2.3.9.6
POPs .......................................................................... 182
2.3.9.7
.................................. 183
2.3.9.8
...................................................................................................................................... 183
2.3.10 s , ;
.......................................................................................................................................... 184
2.3.10.1
.......................................... 184
2.3.10.2
................... 189
2.3.10.3
...................................................................................................................................... 193

3.:

..........................................................................................................................................................194
3.1
....................................................................................................................................194
3.1.1. ........................................................................................................................................... 194

3.2

........................................................................................195
3.2.1

3.3

....................................................................... 196

..................................................................197
3.3.1
.............................................................................................. 199
3.3.2
PCB ........................................................................................................................... 209
3.3.3
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB) ................ 217
3.3.4
......................................................................................... 231
3.3.5

........................................................................................................................................................ 235
3.3.6
.............................................................................................................. 244
3.3.7
, ,
...................................................................................................................................
249

3.4

- ..........................................................256
3.4.1

........................................................................................................... 258

3.5
..............................260
.1 POPs ..............................................................................274
2 ........278
3 E ....................................................................................280
4 .........................................................................286
E ..................................................................................................................................288
................................................................................................................................291

 1:
1.1

(POPs) POPs
.
, POPs ,
, 12 POPs (, , DDT, ,
, , , , , PCB, HCB, PCDD/PCDFs)
. 2009.
:
, , , , -, ,

,
, ,
(PFOS).
POPs
, . ,
,
. POPs , ,
,
.
,
.
POPs
.
2004. .

2009. . .
,

.

(GEF)
(UNEP)
( : )

( : POPs ). o je

.


; ,
, -
. , UNECE

.


POPs .
10

 POPs
, ,
POPs e
, ,
:
, , POPs
,
B ( 3);

, (, ,
, ),
( 3);
(
)
( 5);
POPs
,
B, , ,
, , B ( 6);
,
( 6) -
POPs ;
POPs
, ()
, POPs ( 6);
POPs
POPs ( 6);

( 6);

( 7);

, A B (
15);

( 16).
, ,
( :
), 2008.
.

:
1:
;
2:
;
3:
4:
.
11

 , (,
,
,
,
-,
,

,
, ,
(PFOS)
. POPs 1
.
,
.

1.2

POPs :
;
POPs ;
;
;
.

POPs .
,
POPs
.
7. ,
UNEP - [1].

, , POPs
; POPs ;
;
PCB.
.
.
,
POPs
POPs .
.
:
;
PCB;
POPs (PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB);

;
;
;
, ,
.

. ,
.
12



.
(
, , ...), ,
POPs , .
, ,
, POPs .
GEF 10. 2003. .
. 2003.
UNEP GEF
.
,
,
,
-
.
, ,
.
,

.
.
.
,
Je, , , , . .

.
, .


. .
, POPs
.
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) PCB;
4) POPs (PCDD/PCDF,
PCB HCB);
5) POPs ;
6) ;
7) ;
8) ;
9) .

,
.

.
13

 , ,

. ,
.
.
, PCB
. ,
,
.
.
.

,
.
, POPs
,

.

.
[1]
:
POPs (PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB), PCB,
, ,
,
, ,
, .

.
.
,
.

.

.

. ,
.
TAIEX

.
.

.
.


[1].

14

 2009. .
, K.
.
.
.



. .
,
UNEP
.
:

- ,
. , POPs ,
-
. .
,
,

.
:


.
,

.

POPs ,
.
, POPs ,


.
POPs .

15

 2.:
POPS
2.1

2.1.1 -
.
88.361 km2.
( ).
.
. ,
.
. : , ( ,
). ,
588 km. .
206 km, 220 km, 168 km 308 km.
600 800 mm
, 800 1.200 mm.
. 5.734.000 ha
(0,56 ha ), 4.867.000 ha
(0,46 ha ). , , , ,
,
. ,
. - , , ,
, .
- .
2007. [2] 1991.
. 1991.
7 576 837 , 2007. 7
381 579, (
).
[3]
. 2008.
0,6%, 0,8%.
2008. 14%.
2000. , (
), ,
, ,
. ,
.

, . 2007.
9.8%,
4.3%. 1.6 2.3
2002-2007. [4].

16

 ,
.
[6],
(
1:15 2005. ),
.

,
. ,
(
; ).

17

2.1.2
2.1.2.1

. ,
.

, .
250 .
. ,
.
,
.

.
, .

, 21.506 km2 . ,
.

1244 10. 1999.
.
10.849 km2 12 % .
, , , ,
.
, ,
:
1) ;
2) , , , , , , ,
, , , ,
,
;
3) , , ,
.
, ,
. , ,

.

,
.
1
,
,
,
.
,
, ,
.

.
1

( , 129/07)

18


2.
, ,


.
, .
, ,
.
,
. 3
, , , ,
( -, ).
T .
150 a 23
.

2.1.2.1.:
2.1.2.1.
2007. .

2
3

( , 129/07)
( , 129/07)

19

 .
.

.

4.

,
.
,
, ,

.
, ,
, ,
.

.
.
, .



.

2.1.2.2

: ,
, ,
.
: , .
: ,
. : ,
, .
[3]
. 2.1.2.2.
e 2000.- 2006.,
[7].
2.1.2.2.: , 2000.- 2006.

BDP (%
)
BDP (
USD)
BDP (
)
BDP
( )
BDP 2002
( )

2000..

2001..

2002..

2003..

2004..

2005. 5)

2006..

4.5

4.8

4.2

2.5

8.4

6.2

5.7

9,013

10,431

12,172

16,124

20,966

26,431

13,186

16,812

18,009

19,724

21,108

397,65
6
933,53
4

783,89
7
978,75
0

1,020,11
7
1,020,11
7

1,171,56
4
1,045,57
0

1,431,31
3
1,133,65
1

1,750,
000
1,204,
065

2,139,8
00 1)

( , 51/09)

20

BDP (USD
)
(%
,
)

1,199

1,390

1,623

2,155

2,809

22.2

23.2

25.3

27.8

25.9

26.8

( USD)

1,558

1,721

2,075

2,755

3,523

-2,681
4,482

( USD)
(%)
BDP (%)
: ( / USD)

(- =100)
A)
B)
C)

3,330

4,261

5,614

7,473

10,753

10,461

64.2

48.1
57.4

40.4
57.9

37.3 2)
72.2

65.4

92,8
105,6
97,0

119,5
103,1
107,1

94,7
97,8
100,8

99,7
106,1
104,7

()
7,516
7,503
7,500
7,480
7,463
7,441
: , ,
2006.

7,4414)

27.1

3)

1,3172

66.8

3)

: 1) UNECE, 2) IMF, 3) 2006.

/ , 4) , 5)

BDP
2008. , , 2007.
5,4%.
2008. BDP
8,5%, 6%, 4,9%,
2,8%.
, : ,
a, , .
, .
,
2008. [8] 2008. ,
1,4%. ,
4,7%. 2008. 9,0%.
2000. , (
), ,
, ,
. ,
.

2.1.3
2.1.3.1

[8]
,
60%,
( : )

.

21

 , 2009.
, 19,7% 2008. , 2008.
21,9%.
, 2009. , 2008.
:
- 23,7%,
- 10,8%,
, - 8,5%.
- , 2009.
, , je
:
, 35,9%,
, 34,5%,
, , 33,1%,
, 13,4%,
, 8,0%.
2009. 2008.
:
28 ( 99,9%),
( 0,1%).
2009. ,
2008. : ,
, ,
, [4].


,
, , -
. , ,
53%,
, .
.
[2] 2.1.3.1.

, 2.1.3.1.
.

22

: , 2007.

2.1.3.1.a:

. .

23%

46%

.

4%
.
2%
.
10%

.
3%
.
.
8%

4%
: , 2007.

2.1.3.1.b:

5 6. , ,
.


[9].
5
6

( , 22/06)
( , 55/08)

23

2.1.3.2

2004. [10],
51.120 km2 , 66 %
. 35.360 km2 46 %
.

: 2008. [8].

2.1.3.2.:

(43%) (42%),
(12%), 3%.
2025%.
( ).
.
6000 .
, 10,87% (11,01%
10,58% ).
( 45%
50 ).
, .

.
2,5 ha. 2,1 ha,
3,38 ha, . ,
18,7 h, ,
.
,

,
, ,
.
24


ISO 9001 HACCP,
.
,
,
.

2.1.3.3

40%
. , ,
.

4,89 . ,
0,86 ,
18%
( 10 MW).

: (http://www.mem.sr.gov.yu/)

2.1.3.3.:


() .
, :
.
9864,08 km 8 355 W.

25

: , 2007.

2.1.3.3.:
2002. 2007.
10%, (, ) .
2007. 3,5%.
, 22% 2002.
, 8% 2006. . 2007.
, , ,
40%. 35%, 25%. 2006.
.
, , ,
- , ,
:

, ;
, ,
, ;
, , ,

, .

,
.
,
,
.

26

2.1.4
,
.
.
.
,


.
.

.
PAH .

.

, ,
.
.
, ,
, .

2.1.4.1

S2,
Nx, , ,
, , ,
. , ,
.
,
.
.
,
, ,
, , , .
...
.
:

; ;
;
;
.

2.1.4.2

.

.
27

 . ,
.
5,3 %
. 50%
. (55,6%)
( 75% 9%
).

, , .

,
. . ,

, , .
.

2.1.4.3

,
, , .

, ,
.

(59,2%), (15,2%)
(13,3%).
2007.
.
, ,
, .



, .
.

2.1.4.4

2.1.4.4.1

. 60%
.
, .
.

, .

,
, - (T) .
, .
28


.
, . ,
: ,
, ,
, .
:
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
(PCB), .

2.1.4.4.2

(18%).
:
,
;

;

; ;

.

2.1.4.4.3

, , ,
,
( ).

29

2.2

2.2.1


.
[9] ,
, . ,
2005. ,
- NPEP
. , NPEP
[9]
. ,
[11],
2003.
,
, PCB
.

[12], 2015.
[13] , .
.
,

.
[9]
:
[14], [15],
2006. 2012.
[6], ,
[12] 2015. [13].
[9]

2017. .
[9]
, :
1. - -
, , , ,
,
:
- ,
;
-
;
-
.
2.
, ,
,
, :
30

-
;
- .
,

,
,
. ,
[9] .
.

.
1. :
- ;
-
;
-
;
-
.
2. :

;
;

;
,
,
;
;
,
;
oa eoa oaa ;
a aoa ooe
;
-
, a
;
;

.
3. :

, , , ,
;
,
.
4. :


;
31

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

;

(BAT)
,
,

, ;
,
.
:

;

;

( ,
.);
;

.
:


( - UNFCCC,
.);
, ,
, , -
;

;
,
.
:
;

( , ,
,
, .);

;

.
:
,
, PBT, ;
;

;
.

:
32

 ,
( );


,
;
, ,

;


.
10.
:
/
(
, );
,


7 ;
;

;
ISO 14000,
EMAS;
,
.
11. :
;

, ;
,
,
;
;
;

.
12. :
,
()

, ,
, ;

;

,
;
13. :
7

( , 135/04)

33



;
14. :
/ ,
;

(
, )
- , ,
;
,

;
;

BAT;
(EMS);
,
.
[9]
[11]
.
, .
, ,
, ,
,

. [11]
POPs , :
1. ,
(),
/ .

.

, .
(
),
.
IPPC .
2. PCB/PCT 2015. .
3.
POPs .
.
4.
.

.
.
,
NPEP.
, (, ,
34

) , ,
(, , , , ). ,
,
.
, ,
,
,
.
.
[16]
, [9]
NPEP. ,
.

8. :
, ,
, , ,
, , ,
.

,
.
,
.
,
. -

(), ,
.

:
- 9;
- 10;
- 11.
, 2009. :
12;
13;
a14;
15;
16;
17;
18.

( , 135/04)
( , 135/04)
10
( , 135/04)
11
( , 135/04)
12
( , 36/09)
13
( , 36/09)
14
a ( , 41/09)
15
( , 36/09)
16
( , .36/09)
17
( , 36/09)
18
( , 36/09)
9

35



2 C.

,
.

, ,
C.

5

C ( )
.

, POPs
.

3
, ,

B.

36

2.2.2.a: , POPs

2.2.2 ,



.
7


11
POPs.

POPs

POPs .

POPs
,
()
, POPs
.

,

.

6

, B C


, B C

.

37

 16


.

15
-

,
B.

38

2.2.3
, :

(UN)
(WB)
(IMF)
(UNIDO)
(UNESCO)
(ILO)
(IMO)
(WHO)
(ICAO)
(ITU)
(UPU)
(IAEA)
(WIPO)
(FAO)
(IOM)
(WMO)

.
:

( , 2/99);

( -
, 16/90, -
, 2/04);
,
I II ( - ,
1/90);

( - ,
1/90);

( -
, 11/86);



(
- , 2/87);

( - ,
16/90);

( - , 16/76);
39



( - , 3/77);
,
( )
( - ,
43/74);

,
( - , 14/82);
,
( - ,
7/87);
(
- , 14/89);

( - , 4/89);
, ,

( - , 2/00);



( - , 38/09);

( - ,
42/09).
,
(UNEP), (UNDP), (UNECE),
, (EC DG Environment),
(EEA), (ICPDR),
(EAR), (GTZ),
(SIDA), (SDC),
(USAID),
(CIDA) (JICA).


.

40

- 2001/42/C
- 2003/35/C
- 97/11/C
- 2003/4/C
- 2003/35/C
- 96/59/C
- 2006/12/C
- 2006/66/C
- 94/31/
- a 2000/532/
- 2006/121/
- 99/31/
94/62/
2000/76/

2002/95/
2002/96/
2000/53/

( , 135/04)

(
, 135/04)

( ,
36/09)

( , 135/04),

- . 1210/1990
- . 761/2001
- . 166/2006
- .1013/2006
- . 1980/2000
- 91/692/ EEC
- 2003/35/ EC
- 2003/4/ EC
- 2004/35/EC
- 96/82/C
- 75/436/Euratom
- 96/61/C
- 2003/35/C

( , .
135/04 36/09)

2.2.4.: POPs

41

2.2.4.
. POPs .

2.2.4 POPs

 ( , 36/09)

( ,
41/09)

( ,
. 36/09)

( , 36/09)

- a 2008/50/EC
- a 2004/107/C
- a 94/63/EC
- a 2001/80/C
- a 1999/32/C
- a 93/12/C
- a 2003/17/EC
- 98/70/EC
- a 2001/81/EC
- a 1999/13/EC
- a 2004/42/EC
- 96/62/EC
- 2004/224/EC
- a 1999/30/EC
- 2001/839/EC
- a 2000/69/ EC
- 2004/461/
- a 2005/33/C

2000/532/
91/692/EE
.807/2003
a .2006/1013/
. 850/2004
2005/270/C
1997/622/C
2003/33/EC
. 2150/2002
2008/98/EC
:
- . 689/2008/
- 1907/2006 (REACH)
- . 648/2004
- . 1272/2008
- a 67/548/C
- a 2004/42/
- a 1998/45/EC
- a 76/769/EEC
:
- a 98/8/EC
- a 91/414/
- a 2002/63/EC
- a .396/2005/E

42

- . 178/2002
- . 882/2004
- . 852/2004
- . 854/2004
- . 183/2005
- . 258/97
- . 1829/2003

( , 41/09)

43

a POPs :
( , . 46/91, 53/93, 67/93, 48/94, 54/96), ( , 91/05),
, ( , 37/88, , . 53/93, 67/93, 48/94),
( , . 18/88 63/90).

- 89/391/EEC

(
, 101/05)

 2.2.4.a
,
.
, ,
, ,
, .
3
: 3. 1. ) ) K

, B,
.

, s
. , o
2009. ,
. B

.

- ,
. , XVII
1907/2006-REACH 850/2004 ,

.
-REACH .

, ,
. .
, , ,
, POPs
689/2008
. ,
(PIC )
.

6 .

. .
PCB
(
2009. ). , PCB (PCB),
(PCT), -, -, -
0,005 . 100.
, , ,
PCB PCB .
5 dm3 PCB
2015. . PCB . ,
0,05-0,005 PCB
, .

44

 3. 1.
.
.
3. 2.
B
,
B


,
. B
,
,

. ,

, 1999.
. . ,
,
.
, ,
XVII -REACH 850/2004
,
,
, .
3. 2.
.
3. 3. ,

,
1. A D, .

, , ,
.

( PBT ),
( XIV REACH- ).
,
PBT ,
. ,

PBT.

.

, ,

. ,
.

45

 , . 3. 3.
.
,
B ,
,

, 6. 3.
.
, 3.
3. , 3.

, .
5.
: 5. K

C , .
( 5. ()) K.
.
,
, ,

. ,
.
,
,
.
,
C.
,
19 ,
. ,
, ,
, .
, C. 2007.

(PRTR) .
.

, ,
.
,
.
,
. ,

,
.

. ,
19

( , 94/07)

46

 ,
.
.

.
.

.
,

, ( 5. ()) , .
,
,
,
.

.

, .
() ,
.
,
, ,
, ,
.


.

, e

.

2015. .

,
, .
,
, , , , .
,
.

.
.
,
, ,
, , .
.

a.

47


,
.
, 1991
,

,

, ,
.

.

.

,
.
,
,
, .
.
, ,
,
.
5. () , : 1) ,
,
() ,
2. 3. C; 2)
,
; 3)
.
,
.


. ,
.


.
. 2015. .

(IPPC ),

BAT .
.
6. :

B ,
, B C,

48

 , 6.
K :
1.
2.
3.
4.

;

B;
;
,
,
6. () .

POPs .
.


POPs
.
,

PCB PCB .
POPs
, ,

.
:
- , PCB
, ;
- PCB PCB , PCB
PCB;
- PCB;
- PCB.

.
.
6. () (i)

,
.
,
, .
6. () (ii) (iii) K
.
6. () K

, B, C,
.
49

 ,
.
()

,

,
.


.

. ,

. .

.


(
).
11. , : 11. 1.
K
, , POPs
:
;
, ;

;
;
- ;
, ;

.
2004. ,


.

.
, .
,
,
.



.

1991. ,
, ,
.
50

 POPs ( ), PAH PCB

, ,
.
,
,
.

51

2.3

POPs

2.3.1
POPs
: , PCB POPs (PCDD/PCDF,
HCB PCB).

, ,
, POPs
, , POPs
, POPs ,
, ,
.

, . ,
POPs . .

2.3.2 POPs ,

2.3.2.1

POPs

,
, .
, POPs . .

2.3.2.1.1

.
,
, , ,
, DNOC , ,
, .
60- ,
,

( ),
,
- ,
. 80-
18 a (, ,
, , EPTC), (, , , , -, ,
(), (), ( )
52

 ( ).
6000 t 25000 t .
.

,
, 400-500 t , 900-1000 t
1000 t .
(70%) (40%). ,

. 2004.
, 2005. , ,
(70%) .
-

, ,
( 200 t
) -
( 200 t ).

, , 15000-20000
t .
2.3.2.1.1.: 1994-2005.
( )

1994
9369
9284
2000
10479
9399

1995
7833
8379
2001
10985
9260

1996
8286
8101
2002
11085
10133

1997
10721
9813
2003
9238
9318

1998
11275
10313
2004
6702
-

1999
9768
9055
2005
7355
6243

2.3.2.1.1.: 19982005. ( )

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

1722

1965

2580

1941

2151

2556

1537

1449

2673

1945

2567

2692

2730

2163

572

629

4012

2947

2871

4295

4073

3665

4327

4773

2868

2910

2461

2057

2131

854

402

504

,
.

60000 t ( -
). ,
,
( , , , ,
- , ),
(, , - , ),
, ( , ). ,
53

, ,
( ),
.
,
. 2.3.2.1.1..
2.3.2.1.1.:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

..
...
- ..
,
-

Chemical
..
...
...
...
x ...
..
...
...

3
26
15

20-24

5/
76
7
10
2
14/32

2


151

4
123
8
1
1

14 - ..
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

...
Simpek
Timings ...

..
..

..

: PLANT DOCTOR

,
, ,
,
.

2.3.2.1.2
(
2009. ) ()


- ,

.
.

54


.
, , ( ),
,
,
.
, ,
, ,

.

,
( - surveillance monitoring
enforcement-follow up monitoring).
2.3.2.1.2..: 1992-2004.

1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004

269
253
218
226
235
242
235

615
579
497
590
675
641
526

2.3.2.1.2.: 30.04.2007.

()

298
9
205
153
5
3
3
2
27
5

,
, . ,
,
,
.


:

,
,
55

 ()
.


.
,
,
, .
()
(, )

.
,
.


.

,

. : (1980),
(1987), (1988), (2000), DNOC (2003) .

2000. , .
2002.
.
, 2005. 2007.


I 91/414/C.
27
.
27

.

(essential use), ,
,
.
2.3.2.1.2.1

XX
,
.
2002. (
) 26 USD, USD
(), 2004. 28.3 USD
( ).

56

 2.3.2.1.2.1.: 2007.
( t)

2802,395
55,310
251,105
277,685
3386,495

5057,769

2962,629
105,876
35,600
1287,196
498,786
110,982
3,920
1,450
12,220
39,110

2.3.2.1.2.2

2005. , 5000 t 57 USD.

26. 2005. ,
20 ,
.
, , ,
, , , , , , ,
, , .
2005. 960 t 5.2 USD
.
2005.
2.3.2.1.2.2.
2.3.2.1.2.2.: 2005.

( .)
:

(t)
970
2510
1202
31
203
4916

(USD)
9953000
33463000
12003000
300000
1007000
56726000

(t)
264
495
148
33
19
959

(USD)
1261000
2495000
1233000
112000
91000
5192000

20

( , 62/05)

57

2.3.2.1.3 POPs

.

.
POPs DDT, 1947.
- , , Chromos-
( ). 600 t ,
1947-1960
( 2.3.2.1.3.).
350
300

250
200
150
100
50
0

1947

1950

1953

1956

1960

1970

2.3.2.1.3.:: DDT 19471960.

: 600 t
: - - , Chromos
, ,
:
Pinus - , DDT, , ,
Chromos , - , DDT, , ,
- DDT, , , .
,
, DDT (- , ),
. (, , ,
, , )
- , , ,
-, .

(. 2.3.2.1.3.).

58

 2.3.2.1.3.:

2,5

-50

-25
-5
-5
20
15
12
6
53
-16
53

-5

6
10

-50
-20
-2
-5
-40

,
,
DDT
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
-,

,
,
,

1960-1970
1960-1971
1960-1971
1957-1971
1966-1971/76
1964-1971
1968-1971
1957-1966
1960-1971/86
1962-1966
1962-1966
1957-1971
1966-1971/76
1957-1971
1957-1971
1966-1970
1960-1971
1957-1971
1958-1971
1964-1970
1966-1971
1966-1971
1962-1971
1968-1973
1962-1971
1957-1982

2.3.2.1.4 POPs


. DDT
.
2.3.2.1.4..
2.3.2.1.4.: POPs

A A
( )

HCB

()

()
1957-1972
1957-1972
1957-1989
1944-1989
1962-1980
1956-1973
1955-1971
1957-1982

1944

DDT

( )
1976
1972
1989
1989
1980
1973
1971
1989
2001. 31. 2007.

59

 ,
(C6H6Cl6) HCH
( HCH).
.
,
.
(C9H6Cl63).
, 31.12.2007.
.
, , 80-
.
,

, .
2.3.2.1.4.: 2004-2006. (
)

( )
a

2004
0,40
8,20
31,92

2005
/
/
46,73

2006
/
/
41,30

, , 2.3.2.1.4.
, DDT
1971-1973. . 1980. 1982. HCB
() , 1989. (
) DDT ( ).
, .
DDT 1994. ,
. 31.
2007..

60

2.3.2.2

2.3.2.2.1
2007.
. :
;
,
, ( );
.
o
(,
).
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ( ).

2.3.2.2.2
:
,
,
.
:
,
,
.
:
,
,
,
, , ,
.
124 . 92
, 22 , 10 .
22 .

61

 / /

92
74%

22
18%

10
8%

2.3.2.2.2.:

2.3.2.2.2.a.
2.3.2.2.2.:



- ()

19
8
18

10

()

35
124

, .

.

,
,
62

.
.

2.3.2.2.3
2.3.2.2.3.1

,
:
POPs ,
,
,

.
2.3.2.2.3.2

124 119
,
. 119 65
, ,
14 POPs ( 2.3.2.2.3.2.a.).
2.3.2.2.3.2.a:

(, DDT)

14
65
40
119

(kg l)
(kg)
1 kg/dm3 ( 2.3.2.2.3.2.).
2.3.2.2.3.2.:

:
POPs

(kg)

(l)

kg

2310
122371
36415
161096

3940
45009
6520
55469

6250
167380
42935
216565

63

//
kg
(167380) -

77%

(42935) - 20%

(6250) - 3%

2.3.2.2.3.2.: (kg)
POPs 14 2.3.2.2.3.2..
2.3.2.2.3.2.: POPs

DDT

(kg)

(l)

kg

250
2060
2310

200
3740
3940

450
5800
6250

2
12
14

2.3.2.2.3.2..
2.3.2.2.3.2.: POPs
.
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

..

,
,
, ..

,
, .. ,
-

(kg)

(l)

kg

80

80

... ..

166

166

. ,

560

560

47

47

3200

3200

..

16

16

..

10

17

17

11

..

1500

1500

64

12

...

200

200

3740

2060

5800

13

- ..

DDT

250

250

14

, ,

DDT

200

200

200

250

450

3940

2310

6250

DDT
POPs

2.3.2.2.3.5.
.
2.3.2.2.3.3

,
.
,
,
. 2.3.2.2.3.3.
.
2.3.2.2.3.3.:

DNOC

EPTC

(kg)
509
2
42
0
17000
690
1096
11
0
0
7000
0
514
514
43
357
0
203
2570
0
118
30669

(l)
1492
0
16
234
125
100
1939
0
54
68
255
22
2223
1689
0
2
84
0
0
379
0
8681

kg
2001
2
58
234
17125
790
3035
11
54
68
7255
22
2737
2203
43
359
84
203
2570
379
118
39350

65

2.3.2.2.3.4

128 .
2.3.2.2.3.4.. 14 POPs ,
2.3.2.2.3.2..
2.3.2.2.3.4.:


6

109
13

72

99

2.3.2.2.3.5

55
52

1
8

kg, l, .,
15 kg, 0,1 kg 5 kg.
2.3.2.2.3.5. ,

2.3.2.2.3.5..

66

5268

5268

112076

573

220

27193

377

15000

1512

39

1987

28

9767

88350

14

9690

450

35

450

(kg)

233

+
+
( +
)

(./kg)

2.3.2.2.3.5.:

31

12

10

25

10

67

18

250

(kg)

POPs

200

3366

200

10

(l)

288

215

1974

1012

1918

53675

(kg)

11963

1960

4606

519

85

1434

15

3066

(l)

22000

107

13

2000

(kg)

15

6000

193

156

100

(l)

288

215

24224

1119

16

1918

55675

(kg)

200

20

17963

1960

8165

519

241

1639

15

3176

(l)

288

200

235

42187

1960

9283

519

256

3557

15

58851

kg

2.3.2.2.3.5.: .

5000

25

9607

138

220

91

4067

75000

25

5326

1.048

573

15

3058

kg

68

5
,
15

kg

2310

1500

560

(kg)

POPs

6250

3940

80

33

47

(l)

122371

79

1610

7246

2265

11179

38480

136

2292

(kg)

167380

45009

5444

3153

1607

6369

24

175

4580

(l)

36415

200

0,0014

12090

(kg)

42935

6520

44

(l)

161096

79

1610

7446

2270

12679

50570

136

2852

(kg)

55469

5444

3233

1651

6402

12

24

222

4584

(l)

216565

216565

79

7054

10679

3921

19081

12

50594

358

7436

kg

27193

239

1582

100

5266

14

790

49

112076

112076

37

736

100

5543

28

5550

kg

69

2.3.2.3

2.3.2.3.1

:
o , -
;
o .

2.3.2.3.2
POPs 2.2.4.
,
. ,

. , 2009. je .
,
, :
1. 21
, , .
2. 22

.

.
.
( )
. .

.
,
.
,
23
, ,
,
.

, ,
.
,
,

21

( , . 24/98 26/98)
( , . 15/95, 28/96 37/02)
23
( , . 25/96, 26/96)
22

70

 ,
.
,
, ,

, ,
.
, ,

.

.
,


.

:

24
;
, ,
, ,
25 , POPs ;

26 (
), DDT ( DDT), ,
( ), HCH, HCH ( + + ),
( HCH).
( 2009. ) 27

,
.

24
( , 53/91,
, . 24/94, 28/96, 37/02, , . 101/05 79/05)
25
, , , ,
( , 5/92)
26
( , . 2/90, 27/90)
27
( , 41/09)

71

2.3.2.4

20 , POPs
. DDT -
.
(, , , , , )

, .
POPs

POPs ( ).


POPs .


.
, ,
/, ,
, . ,

.
:
1)
,
/ .

,
, ,

. ,

;
2)
;
3) , ;
4)

;
5) , ;
6)
;
7) ;
8) .

() 216 t
.
.

72


,
.
.

.

.
,
.

,
.
FAO
. FAO PSMS (PSMS: Pesticides Stockpile
Management System ) [17]
FAO. ,
.
,
, ,
, , .
, ,

.
PSMS ,
. ,

.


.

.

:
1. : ,

, , ,
.
2. PSMS. FAO

:
, , ,
, ,

.


,

73

 .
.

, . . ,
.

/ .

.

.

(, ) ECPA
[18] .
.

74

2.3.3 PCB
2.3.3.1

(PCB)
,
, II .
(. -)
PCB , 209 , .
, 130
PCB. 209 PCB
. PCB,
, .
PCB , ,
, 21% 68%. CAS PCB 1336-36-3.
1929. 1989. , PCB
( ) 1,5 , . 26000 t
. 1977. PCB ,
1980-1984. 16000 t , 1984-1989
10000 t . , 1979.
PCB. 2.3.3.1. 2.3.3.1.
PCB
PCB.
2.3.3.1.: PCB

Non-Flamol, Olex-sf-d, Orophene, Pheaoclor, Pheneclor, Pyraclor, Pyralen,

Plastivar, Polychlorinateddiphynyl, Prodelec, Pydraul, Pyraclor, Pyralene

Abestol, Aceclor, Adkarel, ALC, ApirolioDiarol, Dicolor, Diconal, Disconon,

DK, Elinol, Eucarel, Euracel, Fenclor, Fenchlor

Intertenn, Kanechlor, Kaneclor, Kennechlor, Santosol, Santotherm

Ask/Askarel/Askael, Auxol, Bakola, Biclor, Blacol, Biphenyl, Clophen,

Chlorphen, Crophene, Chorextol, Chorinol, Clophen/Clophenharz, Cloresil,

Chlorfin, Chlornal/Chlorinol, Chlorinated Biphenyl, Chlorinated Diphenyl,

Dyknol, Educarel
EEC-18, Elaol, Sovtol, Tarnol

Decachlorodiphenyl, Delofet O-2, Delor, Delorene, Delorit

Apirorlio, Areclor, Arochlor, Arochlors, Aroclor/Arochlor(s), Arubren, Asbestol,

Cloresil, Chlophen, Chloretol, Chlorextol, Diaclor, Ducanol, Dykanol,
Electrophenyl, Elemex, , Fenocloro, Gilotherm, Hexol, Hivar, Hydelor, Hydol,
Hydrol, Hyrol, Hyvol, Inclor, Inerteen, Kenneclor, Leromoll, Magvar, MCS 1489,
Montar, Monter, Nepoli, Nepolin, Niren, NoFlamol, Pyronol, Pyroclor, Safe-TKuhl, Saft-Kuhl, Sa-T-Kohl, Saf-T-KuhlP

Santothern, Santovac, Sat-T-America, Siclonyl, Solvol, Sorol, Soval, Sovol

75

 2.3.3.1.: PCB

Aceclor

Diaclor

PCB

Adkarel

Dicolor

PCBs

ALC

Diconal

PCB

Apirolio

Diphenyl, chlorinated

Pheaoclor

Apirorlio

DK

Pheneclor

Arochlor

Duconal

Phenochlor

Arochlors

Dykanol

Plastivar

Aroclor

Educarel

Polychlorinated biphenyl

Arochlor

EEC-18

Polychlorinated biphenyls

Arubren

Elaol

Polychlorinated diphenyl

Asbestol

Electrophenyl

Polychlorinated diphenyls

Ask

Elemex

Polychlorobiphenyl

Askarel

Elinol

Polychlorobiphenyls

Askael

Eucarel

Prodelec

Auxol

Fenchlor

Pydraul

Bakola

Fenclor

Pyraclor

Biphenyl, chlorinated

Fenocloro

Pyralene

Chlophen

Gilotherm

Pyranol

Chloretol

Hydol

Pyroclor

Chlorextol

Hyrol

Pyronol

Chlorinated biphenyl

Hyvol

Saf-T-Kohl

Chlorinated diphenyl

Inclor

Saf-T-Kuhl

Chlorinol

Inerteen

Santosol

Chlorobiphenyl

Inertenn

Santotherm

Chlorodiphenyl

Kanechlor

Santothern

Chlorphen

Kaneclor

Santovac

Chorextol

Kennechlor

Solvol

Chorinol

Kenneclor

Sorol

Clophen

Leromoll

Soval

Clophenharz

Magvar

Sovol

Cloresil

MCS 1489

Sovtol

Clorinal

Montar

Terphenychlore

Clorphen

Nepolin

Therminal

Decachlorodiphenyl

No-Flamol

Therminol

Delor

NoFlamol

Turbinol

Delorene

Non-Flamol
Olex-sf-d
Orophene

76

2.3.3.1.1 PCB
PCB 50 PCB.
PCB , , ,
21% 68%.
PCB :
;
(- -);
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
, , ;
;
, ..
- ( , , ,
, , ),
() ,
, , ..
, ,
, , .
, . - .
PCB (60% )
, ,
. PCB
.
PCB :
;
;
.
PCB .
.

2.3.3.1.2.

. , .
.
( ) .
( ).

77


PCB, .

2.3.3.1.2.a:
()
, :
1kVA = 1
1,56kg/l
PCB 200 kg 4100 kg,
2.3.3.1.2.a.
2.3.3.1.2.a:
(kVA)
100
160
200
250
315
400
500
630
800
1000
1250
1600
2000

(kg)
140
215
295
295
300
450
425
615
575
670
800
1130
1300

(l)( 1,56)
90
138
189
189
192
288
272
394
369
430
513
724
833

. PCB
( 2.3.3.1.2. 2.3.3.1.2.).

78

 2.3.3.1.2.:

2.3.3.1.2.: .
2.3.3.1.2.: PCB

Alsthom, Alsthom, Alsthom (1000kVA), Alsthom (800kVA), Alsthom Savasione

(1600 kVA), Alsthom Savasione (400 kVA), Alsthom Savasione (800kVA), ISITHP,
Maxivar, Maxivar, Metz, MiTR, OTP1/400/6, Rhone Alber Elec. (100 kVA), TP,
TXP, UNELEC (250 kVA), P 1800, P 800, 1000, 244, 2870, 4300,
6260, 7320, 1000
- TRANSFO OTP1/ 400/6

DL-2500/10, Trafo TAM-1000, Trafo TM3 1000, Trafo TM-750, Trafo TMA -1000,
Trafo T-750,

79

 AEG (1000 kVA), AEG (1250 kVA), AEG (1600 kVA), AEG (25 kVA), AEG (315
kVA), AEG (500 kVA), Asea Lepper (1600 kVA), Asea Lepper (800 kVA),
Elektromekanik (1250 kVA), Of. Elec. Tech. (25 kVA), Oy Stromberg (400 kVA)
VOLTAWERKE,

DL-500/20, DL-800/20, Volta Werke (960 kVA)

BBC (100 kVA), BBC (1250 kVA), BBC (630 kVA), ITALTRAFO 1250kVA ,
ITALTRAFO 1600kVA, ITALTRAFO 2000kVA, Marelli (750kVA), Marelli (900
kVA),

Mitsubishi (2000 kVA)

- Monsanto ltd

LL1651-26689

ASEA-Lepper GMBH SE,

ABB (1665kVA)
TOHR 1000/15.75

AEG ET (125kVA), AEG ET (1600kVA), AEG ET (400kVA), AEG ET

(630kVA),

General Elect. (750 kVA), General Electric (1250 kVA), Rectifier Transf. (2250 kVA),
Westinghouse (750kVA)

1000/10, 1000/10, 1600/10, 1600/10-753, 630/6/0,4,

2500/10-75, -1000/10, -1000/10-713, -1600/10, -1600/10713, -25/10, -2500/10, -40/10, -40/10-3, -630/10,
1600/10, -1000/10, -1600/10, -400/10, -630/10, 1000/10, -2000/10, -2500/10, 800/10, -1600/10, -400/10,
-800/10, -1000/10, -2000/10, -1800/10, -420/0,5, 750/10, -1200/10, -2000/10

PTK, PTP, PTN

, TAO, TOC, TON, TOH, TOF, TOW

TP 7152, TP 7170, TP 7707, T 30/A, TP 7053, TP 7053, TP 7807, TP 7901,

TP 7902, TP 928, TP 668, T1 50/A, TP 7013, T1 100/A, TP 5115, TP 7562,
TP 7920, T5P-79103, TP 8247, TP 8248, TP 8249, TP 803, TP 817, T 160, TP
7014, TP 7916, TP 79115, T1 160/A, 250 KVA, TP 960, TP 7988, TP5 79110,
TP 7048, TP 908, TP 804, TP 914, TP 749, TP 7130, TP 7011, TP 909, TN 250-1, T1 250/A, T1P 252, TP 7560, TP 8252, TP 8321, TP 7617, TP 8241, TP
7042, TP 7557, TP 7885, T5P 7987, TP 7618, TP 7748, TP 7031, T5P 79118,
TP 8251, TP 8310, TP 68.500/A, TP 957, TP 833, TP 7017, TP 7030, TP 810,
TP 826, TP 807, TP 830, TP 751, TP 752, TP -7250, TP 7543, TP 7566, TP
7447, TP 7754, TP 7884, TP 7818, TP 7904, TP 7910, TP 7921, TP 7983, TP
8250, TP 7032, TP 7230, TP 8152, TP 7441, TP 934, T1 1 000, TP 932, TP
809, TP 7621, TP 7515, TP 7525, TP -7704, TP 7713, TP 7891, TP 7984, TP
7029, TP 7426, TP 7336, TP 7915, TP 492, TP 660, TP 7817, TP 7985, TP
7558, T 1 600, T6 1 600, TP 7559, TP 7841, TP 7986, TP 8612, TP 7442, TP
7154, TP 7609, TP 7443, TP 7610, TP - 79124

2.3.3.1.3.

( ),
. PCB, ,
PCB .
( ) . ,
, - - -

, ,

80

 , ( )
( ), ..
, PCB 0,1 kg.
,
(/) /
.

2.3.3.1.3.:

2.3.3.1.3.:

2.3.3.1.3.: PCB

-6,3-50, 2-1,05-60-1, 2-10,5-75-2 3,2-10,5-50-23, 2-6,3-752, -2-10,5-150-23, -1-10,5-75-23, -2-0,38-36-2, 1-0,66-2011, 1-0,66-20-1, 1-0,66-40-11, -0,66-20, 2-1,05-60-21, 2038-50-1, 2-1,05-60-11, 2-0,66-40-21, 2-10,5-125-11, 2-6,3-75,
-0,66-20-1, , ,

BK, KCI, KP,LKC,LKCA, LKCI, LKP, LKPI, LKPF, LKXF, LPXI, LKPH, LKMI,
LKMI, LKUI, NKPT, NKNI

D, DO, CD, 4RA, 4RL ( 1950-1975. )

DZ

81

PMKS 93/6720, PMKU 0,74-75, PMKU 0,9-125, PMKU 0,74-90, PMKU 0,74-200,
PMKS 125/1500, PMKS 66,6/3640, PMKS 83,3/3640, PMKS 75/3640, PMKS
25/5/1.73, TFK 100/6,3, TFK 75/6,3, TFK 66.6/6,3, TFK 125/6,3, PMKS 100/3640,
PMKS 50/6000, PMKS 75/1500, PMKS 100/1050, PMKS 125/1050, PMKS 50/1050,
PMKS 100/3640, PMKS 125/1500, PMKS 125/1350, PMKS 50/1800, PMKS
16,6/3650, PMKS 66,6/1200, PMKS 125/1800, PMKS 50/1800, PMKS 125/1330,
PMKS 100/3640, PMKS 66,6/3000, PMKS 25/1500, PMKS 125/1500, PMKS 50/3000,
PMKS 33,3/3640, PMKU 50/3650

* 10-23 kg PCB ( 16,5kg) CBs ( )

2.3.3.2

PCB

PCB,
( : ).
, PCB,
.

.

:
- , ( : ..).
- , ( : ..),
, (

) (
), PCB
.

565, 531 , 34
. 438155
kg, 6094 kg .
2379.
.
PCB 1986. ,
1988. .
,
, ,
, .

().
, .
PCB,
PCB,
, ,
,
PCB.

82

2.3.3.3. PCB PCB

2.3.3.3.1 PCB
(
) PCB .
PCB . ,
( ), , , .
PCB ,
. - . PCB
. , , .

2.3.3.3.2 ,
PCB

. ,
, ,
.
: English Electric, General Electric,
Allis Chalmers - , Schorch, SIMENS - , Rade Konar - ; ACEC - ,
Elin - , Enerkoinvest - , EMO .

,
.
: ISKRA - , ASEA , SIMENS, ABB VEB - , General Electric - , DUKATI -
.
.

2000. .
( 1946. 1990. )
,

,
.
,
, .
,
.
PCB,
PCB,
,
, PCB.

83

2.3.3.4

PCB

PCB,
. , ,
.
PCB,
34 ,
( : - ..) ( 2.3.4.4.).
2.3.3.4.a: PCB

(KVA)

(kg)

(mm)

PCB

1.
(kg)

(kg)

-7901

16

50

47921-47936

1979

502

819/550/1241

177

2832

-7902

16

50

47937-47952

1979

502

819/550/1241

177

2832

-7920

100

50198-50199

1979

760

1100/683/1401

235

470

34

17584

6094

2.3.3.5

PCB

PCB 2006.
2007.
.
PCB .

(, , ). ,
.

2.3.3.5.1
:
1. a PCB
PCB.
, ,
, ,
PCB .
UNEP
;
2. , 1600
, 16 24 ( );
3. ;
4.
PCB
;

84

5.
.
.
:
( , ,
, ), , (
, );
( ,
);

( ,
), (
, ,
);
PCB
, ..,
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, - , ..,
;
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.
:
;
;
.
,
PCB :
;
;
, , ,
, PCB.

2.3.3.5.2.
2.3.3.5.2., 2.3.3.5.2. 2.3.3.5.2.
,
. ,
.
, (*).
,
, , .
, .

.

85

 2.3.3.5.2.: PCB
(*- )

(kg)

(kg)

23

35856

141642

300

1950

491

748000

2244000*

45

101545

335560

440

1500

25

21996

101640

4810

19070

1830

5950

77

14355

18490
97733*

66

;
60

19

6420

25520
40404*

38

82655

201515

6430

25000

24

13617

63359
69119*

2261

14560

767

1040515

960646

3304533*

86

 2.3.3.5.2.: PCB
(* )

(kg)

(kg)

71

609

3155
6395*

36

84

2940

105

3960

1084

24865
32435*

110

13000

13000*

164

6227,4
7044,4*

167

4555

180

1800

6300

184

1005

11017

320

8281

182

2084*

138

108

4110

( )

195

8775
10127*

26

288

5680

14200

781

27771
28807*

19

231

11670

121

5698,4

4394

22094

145608,8

253

19

( )

( )
-
28

172623,8*

2.3.3.5.2.:

,
(kg)

97,2

(81 )

34

3155

41

3252,2

87


PCB.
PCB.
2.3.3.5.2. ( )
(, ).

(3304533 kg) - 94,9%

(172624 kg) - 4,96 %
(3252 kg) - 0,0934%

2.3.3.5.2.: PCB

,
PCB,
. , ,
531,
131 13 .
.
,
1537 23661 kg. ,
.
(43 ), ,
. ,
2379
,
.
,
, ,
. .

2.3.3.6

PCB 2.2.4. . a PCB PCB
( 2009.
). , : ;
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; ; ;

88

 ; ;
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VII .
VII , , PCB PCB .
, PCB (PCB),
(PCT),
-,
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0,005 ; PCB
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PCB
PCB ,
.
PCB PCB 52. .
PCB , :
1) PCB;
2) PCB ;
3) PCB PCB ;
4) PCB, PCB PCB 24
;

89

5) PCB PCB ;
6) PCB
.
PCB, PCB
PCB:
PCB PCB ,
.
PCB
PCB, PCB
.
5 dm3 PCB
,
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.
PCB ,
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PCB.

:
1) , PCB
, ;
2) PCB PCB , PCB
PCB;
3) PCB PCB
;
4) PCB
100. , ,
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5 dm3 PCB
2015. . PCB .
, 0,05-0,005 PCB
,
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2.3.3.7

PCB. ,
.
PCB, ,
, .

90

 PCB ( 10 30 )

. ,
, PCB.
, , PCB
.
PCB :
. ,
;
PCB,
1999. .
PCB , ,
-, ;
PCB
.
, ;
.
/ PCB
2.3.6.

2.3.3.8

PCB

PCB
POPs . , ,

PCB ,
. PCB,
, PCB.
PCB

,
.
PCB ,
. PCB ,
, ()
, , .
PCB
( ) (
). ,
.
, PCB
. ,
PCB.


1999. , ,
, POPs
.

91

1999. POPs

.
POPs ,
, 70 kg 0,79
g PCB (1,1 % ).


.
T, PCB
,
.
.
, POPs
.
POPs
, .

2.3.3.9

PCB
.
PCB 2006.
2007. :
PCB ;
PCB
( 1960.-1980. );
PCB 1986.
( - - .., -
- , ).
PCB;
PCB 767
(a a je 3300 ), 4394
(a a je 172 ) 41
, 3253 kg. PCB ,

, .
PCB PCB
2009.
.
, :
,
;
, PCB
/
;

PCB.

92

 PCB
, :
- ,
PCB PCB ;
- PCB PCB
PCB PCB;
- PCB
, , ;
- PCB
PCB
;
-
PCB PCB
;
- PCB , PCB
;
- PCB PCB
,
PCB PCB
;
- /
PCB PCB ;
- .
PCB;
- PCB.

93

2.3.4 POPs
(PCDD/PCDF, HCB PCB)
2.3.4.1

, , :
-p- (PCDD) (PCDF),
;
(HCB);
(PCB).
-p- (PCDD/PCDF),
(HCB) (PCB)
.
,

(PAH), , ,

, .
2.3.4.1.:
2008.

28
TEF (Van
den Berg et al 2006)

2.3.4.2

TS
PCDD, PCDF, PCB, HCB, (PAH)
, PCN, (-, )
PBDD, PBDF, PXDD, PXDF, PBN, PXN, PBB, PXB

PAH, PAH, PAH,

PAH .
, TeCBz, TrCBz, HBBz, PeBBz, TeBBz, TrBBz,
PBP, TeBP, TrBP, PCP, TeCPs, TriCPs, ,
, , .

POPs
,

2.3.4.2.
.

28

(TEF)

94

 2.3.4.2.: PCDD/PCDF

POPs
2.3.4.2..

2.3.4.2.: POPs

2.3.4.3

POPs

,
2006. ( 2.3.4.3.).

95

 2.3.4.3.: /

( )

/ , ,

/ , BOF

Cu -

Cu/Cu

Cu, ,

/ Al, ,

/ ,

,
/ ,

, ,

. PVC/Cl2,

() (. Ni)

( )
/-

)


( )


( )


( )


/ -
-

-

-

96




()

,
,

,
/

/ ( )

/
PVC



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/
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2.3.4.4

POPs

[19].
.
,
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,

;
(
, ,
, ,
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, .);

97

 (
, - , ,
, , .,
.);
(Eurostat, IEA, EEA, EMEP, EPER,
);
( UNEP Toolkit, BREF ,
UNEP BAT/BEP , EMEP/CORINAIR
- Atmospheric Emission Inventory
Guidebook, .);
(, OSPAR, HELCOM,
MEDPOL);
;

(EUROFER, CEMBUREAU, EUROMETAUX, .);
, ,
, .;
.
360
, :
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,
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, II, 2 3.

2.3.4.4.1 POPs /,
PCB, HCB PAH
,
,
, 2.3.4.4.1..

98

 2.3.4.4.1.: POPs
2006.
, 2006.
PCDD/F ( )
PCDD/F

PCDD/F -

115,27 g/.
282,72 g/.
397,99 g/.

HCB

137,33 kg/.

PAH

40616 kg/.

PCB -

199,4 kg/.

2.3.4.4.2 POPs

PCDD/F
PCDD/F
2.3.4.4.2. 2.3.4.4.2. 2.3.4.4.2..
2.3.4.4.2.: PCDD/F 2006.



1

(
)
(
)

3
4
5
6
7

1-9

, g/

9,06

0,00

0,00

0,00

6,44

19,15

34,56

0,00

0,00

29,35

4,95

0,00

0,00

0,00

104,47

2,32

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,27

1,01

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

84,27

0,00

30,12

0,00

64,02

2,10

0,11

0,00

0,70

3,17

0,52

0,00

0,00

0,00

1,06

0,00

0,10

0,00

0,00

0,24

123,38

34,77

30,12

0,70

209,02

397,99

99

 -
180

/, g/.

160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

- -

0.810 0.500 0.160 0.030 0.010 0.880 0.005 0.129 0.145 50.00 4.000 30.00 0.120 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.318 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.006 87.117

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.027 0.074 0.000 0.102

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.116 30.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 30.116

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.001 0.050 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.054

0.001 100.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.000 60.00 0.023 0.006 0.000 0.000 1.060 0.000 0.240 0.000 0.000 165.33

2.3.4.4.2.: PCDD/F 2006.

,
0.7%

,
3.9%

,
1.5%
, 0.3%

,
44.8%

/, 0.1%

, 0.4%

(

), 27.5%

(
),
20.9%

2.3.4.4.2.: PCDD/F 2006.

100

 PCDD/F
,
, ,
( ,
.).
,
.

, ,
. , .
.

. , ,
. ,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
HCB
HCB PCDD/F.
.
2.3.4.4.2.
2.3.4.4.2. -2.3.4.4.2..
2.3.4.4.2.: HCB , kg/.

e












()

-


-

, kg/.
21,56
13,42
0.00
50,00
0,51
2,87
2,89
1,29
11,52
0,00
0,01
0,47
0,52
0,00
0,00
30,00
0,49
0,50
0,59
0,00

101



-



-


-
-

0,19
0,01
136,86
, kg/.
0,00
0,46
0,46
, kg/.
0,01
0,01
137,33

136.86
0.01

0.19

0.00

0.59

0.50

0.49

30.00

()

0.00

0.00

0.52

0.47

0.01

0.00

11.52
1.29

2.89

2.87

0.51

50.00
0.00

13.42

21.56

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

160.00

-

, kg/. 21. 13. 0.0 50. 0.5 2.8 2.8 1.2 11. 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 30. 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 136

, kg/.

2.3.4.4.2.: HCB

102

0.46

0.46

0.00

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.00

0.46

0.46

, kg/.

, kg/.

2.3.4.4.2.: HCB

0.01

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.01

, kg/.

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01
, kg/.

2.3.4.4.2.: HCB
/
. ,
.
.

103

 PAH
PAH
. , . ,
, 2.3.4.4.2. 2.3.4.4.2. - 2.3.4.4.2..
2.3.4.4.2.: / PAH ,
kg/.

( )
e







-
( )
-


-
-

-
-

,
kg/.
572,00
272,00
1207,65
0,32
0,30
1,35
14,44
0,02
0,01
0,10
21320,25
677,18
55,03
2640,00
13723,51
0,01
40484
,
kg/.
2,00
28,12
0,08
0,65
31
,
kg/.
100,00
1,50
101
40616

104

40484.18
0.01

13723.51

2640.00
55.03
677.18
21320.25
0.10

0.01
0.02
14.44
1.35

0.30
0.32
1207.65
272.00

572.00

0.00

5000.00 10000.0 15000.0 20000.0 25000.0 30000.0 35000.0 40000.0 45000.0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

-

- , kg/. 572 272 120 0.3 0.3 1.3 14. 0.0 0.0 0.1 213 677 55. 264 137 0.0 404

, kg/.

2.3.4.4.2.: PAH , kg/.

30.86

0.65

0.08

28.12

2.00

0.00

, kg/.

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

2.00

28.12

0.08

0.65

30.86

, kg/.

2.3.4.4.2.: PAH ,
kg/.

105

101.50

1.50

100.00

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

100.00

1.50

101.50

, kg/.

, kg/.

2.3.4.4.2.: PAH
HCB, ,


, ,
.
PAH , .
PAH, ,
1998. . B[a]P, B[b]F, B[k]F, I[123cd]P.
2.3.4.4.2..
2.3.4.4.2.: PAH PAH

-
-

B[a]p

mg/t
0,31
4,7

B[a]p

t/.
0,01
0,00

B[b]f

mg/t
0,9
20,3

B[b]f

t/.
0,03
0,01

B[k]f

mg/t
0,7
4

B[k]f

t/.
0,02
0,00

I[123cd]p

mg/t
0,25
7,6

I[123cd]p

t/.
0,01
0,00

1550

1,50

70

0,07

23

0,02

1192

1,15

2,74

1300

0,06

1500

0,06

500

0,02

90

0,00

0,14

2600

0,08

100

0,00

40

0,00

2000

0,06

0,14

330

0,10

10

0,00

0,00

250

0,08

0,18

t/.
0,07
0,02

106


2000


17
e

8600

0,7

0,01
mg/
14300
,
0,043
mg/km
,
0,0019
mg/km
,
2,2
mg/km

1,08

3000

1,62

1000

0,54

130

0,07

3,31

0,02

20

0,03

10

0,01

10

0,01

0,08

0,00

0,00

0,00

4400

0,00

0,00

0,00

3,15

0,00

3,15

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,41

9300

0,27

4200

0,12

4800

0,14

0,95

0,22

0,0379

0,19

0,0407

0,20

0,0064

0,03

0,64

0,01

0,0029

0,01

0,002

0,01

0,0005

0,00

0,02

35,51

1,8

29,05

2,2

35,51

0,3

4,84

104,91

6,40

113,20

38,99

31,34

36,46

PAH,
, PAH.
PCB
PCB
.
, ,
2.3.4.4.2. 2.3.4.4.2. 2.3.4.4.2..
2.3.4.4.2.: / PCB ,
kg/.

/
( )
e










()


-
-

,
kg/.
4,32
17,44
0,05
0,00
0,19
7,60
3,06
0,34
0,00
0,37
13,00
0,04
0,15
7,30
0,00
109,65
0,03

107

-


( )

-

0,56
5,28
1,89
19,61
3,60
0,02
0,00
0,16
1,86
1,21
0,03
0,00
197,75
,
kg/.

-
-

0,02
0,01
0,07
0,04
1,50
1,63
,
kg/.

()
-
, kg/.

0,00
0,00
199,4
197.75

0.00
0.03

1.21

0.16

1.86
0.00

0.02
3.60

19.61
1.89

5.28
0.56

0.03

0.00

()

0.15

109.65
7.30
0.04

13.00
0.37

0.00
0.34

3.06
7.60

0.19
0.00

0.05
17.44

( )

4.32

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

-

, kg/. 4.3 17. 0.0 0.0 0.1 7.6 3.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 13. 0.0 0.1 7.3 0.0 10 0.0 0.5 5.2 1.8 19. 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 19

, kg/.

2.3.4.4.2.: PCB , kg/

108

1.63

1.50

0.04

0.07

0.01

0.02

0.00

, kg/.

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

0.02

0.01

0.07

0.04

1.50

1.63

1.80

, kg/.

2.3.4.4.2.: PCB , kg/

.

.

2.3.4.4.3 PCDD/F
/
POPs
/ PCDD/F ( 2.3.4.4.3.
2.3.4.4.3. 2.3.4.4.3.). POPs
(HCB PCB) PAH PCDD/F,
/,
, /.
PCDD/F
PCDD/F /
. /
:
- .. 5 ,
- .. 6 ,
- .. 9 /.
/
, ,
.

109

 2.3.4.4.3.: PCDD/PCDF /, g/.

//
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

/
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,832
0,081
0,000
0,573
3,387
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,020
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,326
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,740
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,113
0,000
0,000
0,000
1,227
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,227
0,019
0,000
0,056
0,269
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,019
0,000
0,000
0,000
27,300
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,891
0,000
0,000
0,000
3,048
34,560
0,000
0,000
0,115
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,009
0,007
0,000
0,021
0,080
0,000
0,000
0,000
5,062
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,007
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,016

3,046
2,358
4,487
0,255
0,252
12,185
1,957
0,140
0,159
0,279
2,435
0,227
0,054
1,306
0,003
0,804
5,220
0,036
1,062

3,878
6,399
4,507
0,581
0,991
12,298
3,184
0,367
0,503
0,297
29,735
1,119
3,102
35,982
0,012
0,911
10,283
0,043
1,078

50
45
40

E/, g/.

35.98

35
29.73

30
25
20
15

12.30
10.28

10
6.40

3.88

4.51

3.18
0.58

0.99

3.10
0.37

0.50

0.30

1.12

0.01

0.91

0.04

1.08

3.878 6.399 4.507 0.581 0.991 12.298 3.184 0.367 0.503 0.297 29.735 1.119 3.102 35.982 0.012 0.911 10.283 0.043 1.078 115.26
//

2.3.5.4.3.: PCDD/F 2006.

110

50
45
40
36.26

/, g/.

35.98

35
29.73

30
25
20
15

12.1812.30
10.28

10
5
0

3.05

3.88
2.36

6.40
4.49 4.51
0.99
0.25 0.580.25

5.22
1.96

3.18

2.43

0.14 0.370.16 0.500.28 0.30

0.23

1.12
0.05

3.10
1.31

0.80 0.91
0.00 0.01

1.06 1.08
0.04 0.04

3.046 2.358 4.487 0.255 0.252 12.185 1.957 0.140 0.159 0.279 2.435 0.227 0.054 1.306 0.003 0.804 5.220 0.036 1.062 36.264

0.000 0.081 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.019 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 34.560 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 34.667

0.000 0.573 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.056 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.021 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.650

/ 0.832 3.387 0.020 0.326 0.740 0.113 1.227 0.227 0.269 0.019 27.300 0.891 3.048 0.115 0.009 0.080 5.062 0.007 0.016 43.688
3.878 6.399 4.507 0.581 0.991 12.298 3.184 0.367 0.503 0.297 29.735 1.119 3.102 35.982 0.012 0.911 10.283 0.043 1.078 115.26

//

2.3.4.4.3.: PCDD/F 2006.

(US Steel Serbia, ),
(
.) . ,
. ,
/,
.
, /
( ) (
), . ,

. ,
.
,

.

2.3.4.4.4 PCDD/F
POPs

, PCDD/F ( 2.3.4.4.4. 2.3.4.4.4.).
POPs (HCB PCB) PAH
PCDD/F,
.

111

 PCDD/F
PCDD/F ,
( /).
, , ( )
,
, . ( 2.3.4.4.4. ).
50.00

45.00

40.00

/, g/.

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00
Series1

36.264

34.667

0.000

0.650

43.688

115.269

2.3.4.4.4.: PCDD/F 2006.

( )
180
160

/, g/.

140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

- - -

0.810 0.500 0.160 0.030 0.010 0.880 0.005 0.129 0.145 50.00 4.000 30.00 0.120 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.318 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.006 87.11

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.027 0.074 0.000 0.102

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.116 30.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 30.11

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.001 0.050 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.054

/ 0.001 100.0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.000 60.00 0.023 0.006 0.000 0.000 1.060 0.000 0.240 0.000 0.000 165.3

2.3.4.4.4.: PCDD/F 2006.

( )

112

450

400

/, g/.

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

--

36.264

34.667

0.000

0.650

43.688

115.269

--

87.117

0.102

30.116

0.054

165.330

282.719

--

69.381

34.768

0.116

0.653

205.018

309.930

123.381

34.768

30.116

0.704

209.018

397.987

2.3.4.4.4.: PCDD/F 2006.

( )

113

2.3.4.5

2.3.4.5.1

(), .
, .
PCDD/F
( ), . .
,
.

( BAT/BEP
),
.
PCDD/F . ,
PCDD/F ,
.
PCDD/F .
, PCDD/F
, PCB
.
PCB ,
. ,
.
PCB , ,
.
PCB .
HCB ,
.
HCB
( ),
. ,
.
PAH .
3000 t PAH
(. 4 PAH), 2000 t 900 t
[20].
PAH (
), / ,
. ,
PAH .
(,
, .).

2, 2.

114

2.3.4.5.2

[20] ,
PCB, HCB PAH
. ,
.

, PCB, HCB
PAH .
,
, , , 2.3.6.

2.3.4.6

:
- POPs
,
- :
( .),
( .), ;
(
);
;

;
;
:
(
), , ( );
/ /;
( ).
-
.

, PCDD/F PAH.
. ,
/
.
( )
. ,
.

.

;
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/
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.
115

 , :
- ;
-
;
-
;
-
/;
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,
;
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,
;
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- ;
-
;
- ;
- e ;
-
;
- ;
- e
;
-
e ;
- / .

116

2.3.5 ,

2.3.5.1

POPs

6250 kg
POPs 14 () POPs
( DD). POPs 2.3.

2.3.5.2.

kg 167380 kg
42935. 128 .
2.3.2.2.3.4..

, (
2.3.2.2.3.5.). 112076 kg.
2.3.

2.3.5.3

PCB

,
PCB :
,
,
, , , ,
PCB.
,
( 2.3.5.3.)
( 2.3.5.3.)
. ,
.
, , (
), .

PCB , ,
2.3.5.3.. ,
.

. ()
PCB, ,
.
2.3.5.3. -
.. ,
- .., .

117

 2.3.5.3.: PCB.
2.3.5.3.:

.

1
2
3
4

6
9

, kg
15560
1200

, kg
60000
2100

2
10

6305

4600
23144

27

23065

89844

2.3.5.3.:
.
.

1
2
3
4

3
694

,
kg
139
26941,5

954
1228

30782
21322

5
6
7
8
9

-
-

1
20
9
69
4

40,6
1305
315
1044
8

10

19

570

11
12
13
14

40
490
74
398
4003

1800
9800
4435
22792
121294,1

18

580

,
.

118

 2.3.5.3.
PCB, .
, ,
.

(89844 kg) - 34,4%

(121294 kg) - 46,5%
(49982 kg) - 19,1%

2.3.5.3.: PCB

1999. .
( 800 m2) ( 2.3.5.3.).
2.3.5.3.:
/
/

100 1300
m3
(
3).

(kg)

/

..
/
-,..

3 ()

2000

18000

50 +

1300

/
Trayal ..

30

-/
-
.., /

-/
-

25000

1900

2 +

220

UNEP 2002. .

( 800 m2)

,
.

2002.

()



(03.07.2006.)
PCB,


PCB

2004. .


(
7543630)


PCB
( 900 m2 PCB)

119


/
/
. .

(US Steel, )

3 + 1
.
PCB
2

PCB;
,
; 25 m2

PCB
,

462

121 kg 4

220
200
50
200

400

(,

)

2.3.5.3.:
, 2.3.5.3.,
,
PCB.

PCB: Miteco Eko sip
.

2.3.5.3. 2.3.5.3.. ,
, ( ,
, , ).
2.3.5.3.: Miteco

,
..


..

, kg

PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB

2880,00
500,00
4393,00
11436,00
1950,00

120


..
Calsberg Serbia ...
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...


..



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...
..
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- 9808
Impol Seval

Tetra Pack Production
..

..,

PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
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PCB
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PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB ., PCB .

PCB
PCB
PCB

3500,00
500,00
925,00
9553,50
750,00
4994,00
1030,00
1300,00
8072,00
2145,00
17813,00
2783,00
2505,00
4500,00
5810,00
1408,00
9040,00
310,00
3349,00
17583,00
484,00
11257,00
6294,00
6710,00
1586,00
2608,00
3410,00
203000,00
354,00
6520,00
252,00
361504,00

2.3.5.3.: Eko sip

1

PCB
PCB o
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
. PCB
PCB
PCB PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB

, kg
1500
200
1150
1120
200
150
1100
2300
2750
150
1000
550
150
100
2850
450
10750
39000
150
1150

121

PCB
PCB
PCB o
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB

50
31000
150
1100
6800
12000
2350
700
120920

, 2.3.5.3.
( ) (,
).
(3304533 kg) - 94,9%
(172624 kg) - 4,96 %
(3252 kg) - 0,0934%

2.3.5.3.: PCB

2.3.5.3. ,
,
PCB PCB (
).

(3741529 kg) - 88,7%

(482424 kg) - 11,3%

2.3.5.3.:


PCB ,

.
531.
(429749 kg PCB).

131 13 . 387
. ,
,
. ,
.
122


1537, 23661 kg,
, .
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, .
2379
,
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,
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,
PCB .

PCB .
.

PCB
, ,
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.
:
1. : 27 (
89844 kg), 4003 ( 121294,1
kg) 49982 kg ,
PCB .
2. PCB ,

, ,
.
3.
PCB, PCB.
4. PCB
( 1 %), ,
(, , ,
), PCB.
5. PCB
PCB PCB.
2003. , 2007. 11,3 %
, .
(k sip)
PCB.
6. PCB,
, ,
( ,
).

123

2.3.5.4

2.3.5.4.1


.
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2.3.5.4.2
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375

.
125

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2.3.5.4.2.
(%)

43,7%, 26,4%
16,3%.

5.7%
0.5%

93.8%


/

2.3.5.4.2.


,
. 5,7% .

,
.

10
20
30

40

50

60
70
80

90

100

, ,

2.3.5.4.2. (%)

59,2%, 15,2%
13,3%.

126

 POPs

:
(
, , ),

,
PCDD/F .
,
.
/
POPs :
(2 , , ,
);
/
( , );
(- ,
DDT
);
/ ( ) PCB ;
( , /).
1999. (
), 78 .
,
, ,
.
[22]
, PCB,
, , , , , , , ,
,
. , 2000. UNEP
27
, , [23].
22 2000.
2004. .
UNEP
80- 90- , ,
, ( )

.

PCB:
:
( PCB)
, ,
.
:
,
PCB.
:
DDT -
127


.

/ ( : PCB
1986. ( -
- - -
)
.
, ,

.

.

() ,

, .

.

.


.
.

.
BAT/BEP
.

2.3.5.5

2.3.5.5.1 PCB

.
.
.
:
I
- 6,25 POPs ( DDT) 14 ();
- 211 128 ;
- 112 .
II PCB
- PCB 89 ;
- PCB 121 ;
- 50 PCB, ,
PCB
.

128

 PCB
( ) a
PCB 3741 .
PCB
1999.
78
, ,
,
.

PCB 2.2.4. 2.3.3.6.
PCB.
100. , ,
, PCB PCB
. 5 dm3 PCB
2015. .
PCB . , 0,05-0,005
PCB ,
.
a 2009.
. , ,
,
,
.
,
.
POPs
.
POPs
,
POPs
, .

2.3.5.5.2

.
.
375 [21]

,
. e
43,7%, 26,4%
16,3%.
59,2%,
15,2% 13,3%.


.
.
.
129



a (
).
,
.
,

.
POPs
:
1.
, :

PCB (- - ..
- - ..
);
PCB ,
;
(
, ,
);
PCDD/F .
,
;
1999. .
2.
/ ;
3.

;
4.

. ,
;
5.
.

130

2.3.6 POPs (, ,
)
2.3.6.1

POPs

a
.
[24] 2000.
, POPs
.
[25, 26, 27, 21]
.
,
, 2000-2006.
POPs (PAH ) [28] ,
2007. , ,
.
, .
,
, , (HCH, DDT, ),
, PAH [29]. ,
PCB.
,
2004-2007. [31, 32, 33].
2007.
(, , ), PAH
, 2006.
. ,
PCB,
PAH.
2004. [31]
PAH,
. ,
PAH, PAH
.
PAH ,
, [b], [k]
[a]. ,
PAH, PCB.
2007.
PCB, PAH , [33].
, .
, ,
- ,
.
, , , [33, 34]
,
I II 29 , , ,
( 2.3.6.1.).
29

I II ( , 31/82)

131

 2.3.6.1.:

HCB

DDT

0,021-0,033
0,02-0,047

0,003

0,02-0,03
-

g/dm

0,45
0,55
0,199
0,49-0,552

0,03
0,003
-

--
()

0,008-0,220

0,01
0,49
0,004

0,002
-

0,004
0,004

[a]
.
[a] [b] -- ()
( 2.3.6.1.) [33].
2.3.6.1.: PAH ,
2001. 2004. , ng/dm3

[]

[b]
[k]
[]
[,h]
[g,h,i]
[1,2,3- cd]

..
..
0,6-0,7
0,1-2,0
0,7-9,0
0,6-0,8
0,4-7,0
0,7-11,0
0,8-24,0
0,6

ng/dm3
14,0
15,0- 20,0
..
10,0
8,0
25,0
59,0
17,0-200,0
9,0-122,0
0,9-56,0
6,0
0,9
14,0
..
29,0
15-25,0
35,0
1,3-28,0
8,0
0,8-23,0

21,0

..

..

12,0
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

1100
5800
3000
12
40
25
18
15
15
15
-

DDT
.
, -
( 2.3.6.1.) [33, 35, 36].

132

 2.3.6.1.:
DDT

6,31
0,03

0,9-27

0,3-1,0

0,2-1,0

0,2-0,5

25-100

0,4-2

0,4-1,0

0,4-1,7

0,05-0,3

0,03

0,5-5,0

0,07-1,5

0,14

0,03-0,13

0,07-31,7

45,23-48,52

0,61-2,89

53,41-111,94

3,17-6,42

g/kg

58
( ) 2005. , PCB
(34,1 g/kg ...) [37]. ,

( 2.3.6.1.).
2.3.6.1.: PCB

PCB ( 7 ), g/kg

0,41

0,01 940

10

2,13-3,27

194 972,5

,
PAH a
( 2.3.6.1.).
2.3.6.1.: PAH
2001. 2004. , g/kg

g/kg

.. 2,5

. - 0,8

360-520

0,9 1,0

1,0 90

0,3 - 3,0

50

0,50 0,73

0,1 6

0,35

300-2250

0,5

0,2 200

0,2 11

2570-3820

0 4 5,5

0,03 1500

0,7 268

1560-1720

0,7 24

0,03 410
0,4 2400
1,0 9000

0,4 - 5,0
4,1 484
7,0 462

270-680
1590-2020
200-3340

0,4 11
7,1 25
7,5 38

133

[]

0,3 1200

0,7 110

590-930

1,2 27

0,2 2270

2,1 330

50-290

6,5 27

2,1 1100

4,8 1027

2360-19460

[b]

8,1 13

[k]

300-4770

[]

0,6 1100

4,2 1350

50-790

5,0 20

[,h]

0,9 750

1,8 370

..

4,0 16

[g,h,i]

3,1 450

0,8 1,8

..

1,3

[1,2,3-cd]

1,7 1120

0,45 255

..

5,0 18

, , PCB.


( 2.3.6.1.) [33, 35, 36, 38].
2.3.6.1.: PCB

PCB - 7
(g/kg)
0,41

0,01 940

10

2,13-3,27

194 972,5

.
, ,
.

2.3.6.2

POPs

NPEP , POPs
:
SO2, NOx, CO, PAH, ,
, .
(, , , , , , , , ,
, .);
(NOx, SO2, , , , CO,
PAH, .) (, , );

;
,
. ( PCDD/F );

.
, PCDD PCDF
. ,
.
2.3.6.2. [39].
134

 2.3.6.2.: 17 PCDD/F 2001. , fg TEQ/m3

.
1994/95 30.

:
;
;
;
;

;
, ;
, .
()
:
;
;

;

.

PAH, POPs
.
PAH , , , , ,
.

POPs POPs
.
POPs. je

30

1994/95 ( ,
70/93)

135

([], [], , )
, .
1999. PAH .
5,33 ng/m3 8,64 ng/m3
21,16 ng/m3.
2000.
2001. [24] PAH.
2002. [25],
2000. ,
, .
PAH.
2003. 2004.
[26] 2003. 2004.
, ,
. , ,
- (, ,
).
2003. 20 93 ,
2004. 26 104 .
2003. 15 (2000. ) 28 (1996. ), 60
(2000.) 104 (2004. ). 2004.
() (50,0 mg/m3)
0% 18% .
2.3.6.2. 2.3.6.2.
19952004. . (g/m3) [26].

2.3.6.2..: (g/m3) , ,
, , , ,

136

 2.3.6.2.: (g/m3) , ,
, , , ,
,
[],
. []

1995-2004. 2.3.6.2. [26].
2.3.6.2..: []

1995-2004. (g/m3)

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

0,2

0,7

0,43

0,4

0,1

<0,1

2,78

1,46

<0,1

<0,1

0,22

0,78

0,3

0,2

<0,1

1,0

2,10

3,57

1,87

1,14

5,5

1,89

2003. 2004. , , , ,

, POPs .
, 2005.
, 31.
31

, ( , 48/04)

137

 2005. , ,
.

, ,
, ( 2.3.6.2.).

2.3.6.2..:

2005.
[25] .

[31] 2005. , []
0,58 2,39 ng/m3, 72,22%.
2005.
,
POPs
,
().
,
5000 kg TDI 400 kg
.
138

 2.3.6.2..: ,
2006.
2006. 2007. 32.
2006. , .
() 2006. ,
2.3.6.2. [21].

2.3.6.2..: (g/m3)
e 2006.
32

2006. 2007. ( , 23/06)

139

 2006. ()
(50 g/m3) (71 g/m3) (57 g/m3).
2006. [] ( )
0,4 15,1 ng/m3.

(background site), , POPs
, (PAS)
RECOTOX
. POPs
1999. ,
POPs .
Assessment of the selected POPs in the atmosphere and water ecosystems from
the waste generated by warfare in the area of former Yugoslavia (APOPSBAL),
1999.
.
.

.

T 2.3.6.2..
2.3.6.2..:
APOPSBAL/RECOTOX

, ,

, ,

,
PCB
,

,
PCB


,

SM_01

46,23333333

26,80000000

SM_02

44,00291667

20,91294444

SM_03

44,01783333

20,90700000

SM_04

45,27838889

19,87019444

SM_05

45,15916667

19,86280556

SM_06
SM_07

44,78623056
42,62916667

20,38217500
20,35138889

PCB (PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101,

PCB 118, PCB 153, PCB 138, PCB 180), OCP (- HCH, -HCH, -HCH, -HCH, p,p- o,pDDE, DDD, DD, HCB, PeCB), PAH.
.

.
POPs .
2006. 28
.
2.3.6.2.- 2.3.6.2..

140

 2.3.6.2..:

/
, ,
, ,
,
,

(ng filter-1)
60,5
63,5
10,7
24,9
12,5
29,8
5,3

(ng filter-1)
79,4
107,8
29,7
60,5
22,0
40,0
13,9

(ng filter-1)
73,0
73,5
19,6
41,1
18,4
34,6
9,6

2.3.6.2..: HCH

/HCH
, ,
, ,
,
,

(ng filter-1)
6,7
<LOQ
37,4
32,6
21,5
98,0
141,4

(ng filter-1)
52,9
0,3
77,6
443,9
41,1
269,3
351,9

(ng filter-1)
17,6
0,3
53,4
135,1
32,1
163,1
212,3

2.3.6.2..: DD

/DD
, ,
, ,
,
,

(ng filter-1)
0,2
<LOQ
2,1
16,4
7,5
79,8
2,9

(ng filter-1)
0,6
<LOQ
4,6
21,7
11,6
132,0
7,6

(ng filter-1)
0,3
<LOQ
3,7
18,1
9,1
98,5
5,9

2.3.6.2..: HCB

/HCB
, ,
, ,
,
,

(ng filter-1)
0,5
<LOQ
4,5
11,0
7,4
4,8
5,1

(ng filter-1)
1,6
<LOQ
5,7
20,2
10,3
7,1
6,6

(ng filter-1)
1,0
<LOQ
5,0
14,0
8,3
6,1
5,6

141

 2.3.6.2..:

/PAH
, ,
, ,
,
,

(ng filter-1)
70465
4108
2328
2968
667
6271
2717

(ng filter-1)
94352
8547
7928
6599
1789
14229
5165

(ng filter-1)
83252
5271
4004
4178
1359
10434
3976

, 2004.
28 .
[40]:
PCB
.
PCB -01 -02 2006.
( 100 ng/) 2004. (o 10
g/). ( )
(PCB 28) PCB 101 PCB 52;
( 150 ng/filteru),
(135 ng/filteru). -HCH
o -.
25 ng/g 0,5 g/g;
PAH - (
82 g/)
. j
( 10 g/). ( )
.
, 2006.
. []
US Steel, .
2007. () , 50
g/m3, ( 72 g/m3, 53 g/m3)
52 g/m [2].
()
2.3.6.2..

142

 2.3.6.2..: (g/m3)
2007.

2007. [32] [a]
56,64% .
,
2006.
. ,
.
()
.
2006. 2007. .
, , ,
POPs , .

2007. , 24 ,
6.
15 , ,
. 2.3.6.2.
POPs ,
.

143

 2.3.6.2..:
POPs
.
.

1.

01.-05.02.
2007.

2.

20

19.07.2007.

, ,

3.

23.07.2007.

4.

21.08.2007.

..

PCDD/F
.
,
. , 2005. ,

. ,
,

. , ,
,
.
,
.
PCDD/F .
PCDD/F ,
.
, , PCDD/F
()
,
, , .
50 , , ,
,
,
, , , PCDD/F,
.

() 12. 15.
2005. .

, ISO 9096:2003.

(), ,
POPs PCDD/F PAH.
PCDD/F :
: : EN 1948-1; SiO2 ( 200 pg
13C12-PCDD/F-EN 1948-1, 3.7) + + XAD-2.
ZAMBELI 6000 Isoplus .
0112, ISO 9096, EPA, UNICHEM
144

UNI 10169; ,
; NiCr-Ni ;
WM
15, Zambelli, . 20305;
EN 1948-2 ( ) EN 1948-3
( HRGC/HRMS) [41] .
,
,
, ,
2.3.6.2.,
2.3.6.2..
2.3.6.2..: PCDD/PCDF

12.12.2005.

15.12.2005.

12,2

12,2

mN3/h

243151

236617

110

118

ng/mN3

0,0062

0,0023

kg/h

0,000001197

0,000000552

PCDD/F

0,1

2.3.6.2..: PCDD/F
, , . -
, Lafarge, , 2007.

, , , .
2.3.6.2. 2.3.6.2.,
2.3.6.2. 2.3.6.2..

145

 2.3.6.2..: 1 -

.

(
)

%

O
C

ng/mN3
PCDD/PCDF
mg/mN3

C (
)
PAH

I
10.05.2007

II
11.05.

III
12.05.

IV
14.05.

V
15.05.

VI
16.05.

3,3%

6%

9,1%

9,9%

15,3%o

11,88

12,53

11,60

11,66

11,65

11,92

157,2
<0,0022
1,86

151
<0,0021
4,76

147
<0,0020
4,33

139
<0,0023
3,13

141
<0,034
4,90

143,2
<0,0098
4,87

0,1
5

mg/mN3

7,23

2,65

1,99

0,98

1,95

1,63

100

4,40

1,87

1,45

1,40

1,91

1,20

100

mg/mN3

157,7

39,8

21,6

25,8

25,0

17,8

g/mN3

<0,0834

<0,0928

<0,0810

<0,0805

<0,0786

<0,0835

mg/mN

2.3.6.2..: PCDD/PCDF
2.3.6.2. 2 -
.

I
10.05.2007
-

II
11.05.
3,3%

III
12.05.
6%

IV
14.05.
9,1%

V
15.05.
9,9%

VI
16.05.
15,3%o

12,11

12,30

12,66

12,496

12,81

12,74

mN3/h

235016

202880

253222

222343

240784

236352

C
ng/mN3
mg/mN3
mg/mN3

89,5
0,076
3,75
0,9

87,9
<0,0138
2,72
0,77

89,3
<0,0132
3,37
1,66

89,3
<0,0056
4,56
0,75

89,7
<0,0025
1,92
0,58

88,6
<0,0027
0,86
3,08

0,1
5
100

mg/mN3

,
g/mN3
Hg
C (
mg/mN3
)
g/mN3
PAH-

2,87

1,68

1,04

2,45

1,98

2,32

100

<202

<115

<161,1

<237,8

<176,7

<145,0

1000

139,0

73,7

40,8

43,4

46,1

35,9

<0,0308

<0,0348

<0,0290

<0,0362

<0,0337

<0,0457

( )

PCDD/PCDF

GVE

146

 2.3.6.2..: PCDD/F
:
PCDD/F
.
, .

.
,
;
PAH

;
PAH
PAH
PAH .
(ISO12884:2000) 2004/107/EC;

;


,
;
2009.
,
.

147

2.3.6.3

POPs

[2],

.

[39].

.
, , POPs .
, ,
-
.
926 1991. ,
, ,
( )
5 mg/kg, 0,005 mg/kg 4,4`-DD [24].
, ,
(. .).
,
, 5 mg/kg. ,
4,4`-DD 200 mg/kg,
300-400 mg/kg.
, ,
.
, :
,
. 16 PAH 42
o . PAH 0,173
mg/kg, 0,056 1,022 mg/kg.
PAH 2,245 mg/kg 8,681 mg/kg,
[24].
2001.

.
.
.
18 (4,4 DDD, 4,4
DD, 4,4 DD, , HCH, HCH, HCH, , , , ,
, , , , , , ).
(2001-2003. )
99%
[25].
[26].
,

( I V ) .
2003. 2004. 65000
35000 , 30000
.
,
148

 2. 3. 5. ( 1000 ha), 4. (5000 ha) 1. (9000

ha) ,
6. (1359000 ha) .
,

DD ,
( DD ),
3., 4. 5. ,
6.

99 % [26].
,

[26].
16
PAH: , , , , , ,
, , [a], , [b], [k],
[a], [a,h] [g,h,i] [1,2,3-cd].

( 2.3.6.3.). 33
PAH 1
mg/kg. PAH , 2003., 1,49 mg/kg
0,52 mg/kg 5,68 mg/kg.
64% . PAH , 2004.,
0,469 mg/kg 0,163 mg/kg 2,238 mg/kg.
1,5% .

2.3.6.3..: PAH
2003 2004. (mg/kg (..))

33

( , 51/02)

149

 PAH
( ) 2,238 mg/kg ... PAH
,
PAH ,
.
PAH
.
PAH 4-5
2-6
.
PAH
.
( )
( 2.3.6.3.).
PAH , 2003. , 1,89 mg/kg
0,51 mg/kg 11,91 mg/kg. PAH
1,89 mg/kg 1,49 mg/kg.
PAH , 2004., 0,363 mg/kg
0,149 mg/kg 0,729 mg/kg,
.

2.3.6.3..: PAH
2003. 2004. (mg/kg ..)
PAH
.
, 25
, . PAH 1,510 mg/kg.
PAH
a 16 % . PAH
. PAH
. ,
150


. 16 PAH ( -
- ) .

2.3.6.3..: PAH 2003.

2004. (mg/kg ..)

[26].

PAH, 100 500 g/kg. PAH (866 g/kg)
(15 m , ).

1999. ,
.
, , 10 cm,
PCB 108,2 g/kg.
10 cm
PAH (1,680 g/kg).
( ), ,
PAH .
PAH, PCB ( 1 ) ,
, ,
.

2005.
1007 1007000 h ( 2.3.6.3.) [27].
151

 2.3.6.3..: V (2005. )
1000 ha, .
25 0 30 cm.
,
: 36%, 1%, 2,2%, 1,5%, 24%,
33%, 2%, 0,3%.

5 g/kg. , -HCH,,
, . -HCH
(<1 g/kg), DD (4,4 4,6g/kg) ( 2.3.6.3.
2.3.6.3.).

2.3.6.3..:
152

 DDD, HCH, -. ,
, DD, DDD, -HCH . -HCH -
.

2.3.6.3..:

-
2003. 2004.
, 2005.

[27].
PCB
PCB 0,041
mg/kg ... 0,0057 mg/kg ... 0,071 mg/kg ... PCB
0,0276 mg/kg ...,
0,0008 mg/kg ... 0,0595 mg/kg ...
PCB 0,0213 mg/kg ...,
0,0189 mg/kg ... ( 2.3.7.3.).

2.3.6.3..: PCB
153

 0,05 mg/kg PCB,

33% 1 .

PCB ( 2.3.6.3.).
PAH 2,138 mg/kg ...
.
, 1 mg/kg 1,644 mg/kg ... 1,473 mg/kg ..
( 2.3.6.3.). ( PAH 0,2 mg/kg ..) 76,7%
PAH .

PAH.

2.3.6.3..: PAH

2.3.6.3..: PAH PCB (mg/kg ...)

154


2005. 64 32
[27].


:
;
,
PAH 500 g/kg (548,2 g/kg) PCB 188,9 g/kg;
, (
10 cm) PAH 2117 g/kg
,
;
(
DD (11,1 g/kg));
( 4
: DD (171,0 g/kg),
(166,1 g/kg) (12,9 g/kg)).
2005. PCB 188,9 g/kg,
, 50 g/kg,
,
10000 g/kg,
.
PAH ,
,

(, ,
.).
PAH
,
( ,
, ) ().
DD ( ,
, ), ,
.
2006. VI

959 959000 ha
e [21].
18
, .
(-HCH, , , ),
,
13 ,
(5 g/kg, ).

. ,
.
.
, , DD/, ,
,
.
155


2006. 64 33
[21].
2.3.7.3..

2.3.6.3..: 10cm
50cm
DD
,
. PAH 1409,9 /kg

, .
VII
700
, 700000 ha
[2].

0 30 cm.

:
(, , , ), , ,
(-, -, , ),
(, , , , , ),
, - . ,

.
, 18
. (-HCH, ,
, ) ,
13 ,
.
.
156

 DD ( ), HCH/
( ), ,
, .

,
[2]. 2007.
60 30 .
: 0,10 0,50 m. 2
DD
: (60,0 g/kg) (15,0 g/kg).
DD.

(DD, , PAH). DD

.
,
2007.
,
[27].
PCB
0,052 mg/kg.
PAH .
[] (0,039 mg/kg)
(0,035 mg/kg). DD
(0,1 mg/kg) ,
86 (0,537 mg/kg) (0,299 mg/kg).
DD 0,008 mg/kg
0,079 mg/kg. (0,06 mg/kg) 54 %
.
HCH 0,193 mg/kg. HCH
2007. , HCH

.
:

,

,

,



, .

2.3.6.4

POPs

,
, ,

157

34, . MDK
( ), .
. [],
( ).

35, POPs
.

14 . 9 , PAH PCDD/F 1 .
1989. ,
.
, SRPS ISO 14181:2005.
,
.
1999. , ,
,
,
. ,

.
- POPs
e.
, , ,
;
; ;
, . POPs
, ,
70 kg, 0,79 g PCB (1,1 % ADI).


.
PCB
,
.
. , ,
.

2.3.6.5

POPs

POPs
.

2.3.7 ,
POPs
POPs 2009.
,
34
, , ,
( , . 5/92, 11/92 32/02)
35
( , 2/90)

158

 ,

.
PCB,
.
( )
PCB, .

.
PCB PCB
. 2.3.3.6. PCB
PCB 2009. .
,

, .


POPs , .
2009.
, PCB ,

.

.


2015. .
POPs .
,
,
,
.
, ,
, ,
, .
,


.
,
,
, 2 .
, , PCB
, .

,
,
.

159

2.3.8 POPs
2.3.8.1

.
2004. ,

()
. ,
,
, .
,
, ,
,
().

,
,
. ,
.
,

, ,
.
,
(IPPC) 2004.
. , ,
.
, ,
,
.
(
) .


-
.
2007.

. POPs
IPPC.
(PRTR
).

,
.

, , ,
,
160

 (, , , ) ,
,
.
,
.

. ,
POPs .

. ,
,
,
,

.
.
,
.

,
.
2009. .

2009. . ,
2009.
,
POPs .

2.3.8.2

2009.
:
1992. ,
2004. ,
- 2004 ,
- 36.
,
.
1992.
,
37 ,
, 38.


39.
-

36

( , . 18/88 63/90)
, , ( , . 30/97
35/97)
38
, ,
( , . 54/92, 30/99, 19/06)
39
(
, 05/02)
37

161

 2004.
,
- ,
.

. ,

.
2009. .

: 2008/50/C,
2004/107/EC, 2001/80/C, 2001/81/C
2001/839/C 2004/224/C.
,
2008/50/C 2004/107/EC,
. ,
, ,
.

, 30
(),
.

2.3.8.2.1
,
1997. ,
, . POPs
:
PAH , , : []
[,h] (0,1 mg/m3, 500 mg/h),

, (,
), 8 mg/m3,
PCDD/F : 0,1 ng/m3 (
PCDD/F) .
-, .
() (, , .)
(, , .).
PAH ,
.
2000/76/
(PCDD/F) 0,1 ng TEQ/m3 3t/h ;
0,5 ng TEQ/m3 1t/h 0,2 ng TEQ/m3
1t/h .
- 0,1 ng TEQ/Nm3.


-,
2000/76/EC.

162

,
. ,
(. TEQ, toxicity equivalents) 2,3,7,8TCDD TEF (. toxic equivalency factor-
) (, 2005).
,
,

.

CEN (Comit europen de normalization), ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
. ,
PCDD/F CEN
EN 1948 (1,2,3,4), ISO 11338-1 11338-2.

, o .

2.3.8.2.2
, ,
1992.
,
(2,3,7,8--). , ,
[] 1 ng/m3.
2004/107/C,
1 ng/m3 31. 2012. .
, PAH
. 2004/107/C
PAH ISO 12884,
.
,
.
PCB , .
, ,
,
,
,

.

2.3.8.3

, 40
.
,
POPs (
).
41
40
41

( , . 46/91; 53/93 54/96

( , 31/82)

163


( ).

.
, ,
.
2004.
2009. ,
.
,

.
, ,
,
.

. o
,
.
,
, .
, ,

.

.


.
,
.
,
2000/60/, ,
e ( 91/271/C, 2007/60/C,
98/83/C, 2006/7/C), 80/68/C ( 2013. )
2006/118/C.
[14]
2009. ,
2012. .

2.3.8.3.1
1982.
.
2.3.8.3.1..
.

164

Ta 2.3.8.3.1..:

DD
E

(PAH):
+3,4-+11, 12- +3,+1
+[1,2,3- cd]

I II
0,017
0,017
0,04
0,001
0,056
0,005
0,003
0,002

III IV
mg/l
0,02
0,02
0,1
0,01
-

, 2000/60/EC
(EQS)
.

. 86/280/
88/374/ e ,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.

2.3.8.4

, 42.


,

.


.




.


43,
42

( , 62/06)

( , 23/94)
43

165

 / , PCDD/F.

44 PAH
1 mg/kg.
.


, , , (
, ), .

.
2006. (. JRCJoint Research Centre)
(MEUSIS),
.

2006. ,
. ,

.

.
,
.
.

.
, PCDD/F
, , HORIZONTAL
.
DIN ISO 17025/2006 ,
.

2.3.8.5

,

.
e .


.

a
, ,
.
,
,
44

( , 51/02)

166

 .
,
.

2.3.8.6

2009.
21. 2,
45, 15

.
.
, ,
, ,
46
( ), ,
.
[], .

47
(
), DD ( DD), ,
( ), , ( + +
), (-).


,
POPs .
, 2009.

, , ,
,
.

.
,
.

e e .
,
, , ,
, .

.

:
1. , , PCDD/F
2002/32/C 2006/13/C, 199/2006 1881/2006;
45
( , .53/91, 24/94, 37/02,
, . 79/05 101/05)
46
, , ,
( , . 5/92, 11/92 32/02)
47
( , 2/90)

167

2. []
333/2007;
3.
1883/2006;
4.
149/2008 839/2008;
5. : EN
12393-1, EN 12393-2, EN 12393-3, 2002/63/EC.

2.3.8.7

:
;
48;
,
49;
50;
,
51.

,
,

.

52 (
1..2009.).
6 ,
, - N-15308, - N-15527.
PCDD/F ( ).
:
(US EPA),
SW 846, ,
/ , 8081, 8270 (. Test Methods for Evaluation Solid
waste, Phusical/Chemical Methods, EPA 8081, 8270);
N-15308: 2008
PCB
- (GC/MS)
(. Characterization of waste Determination of selected polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) in solid waste by using capillary gas chromatography with electron capture
(GC/ECD) or mass spectrometric detection (GC/MS) (

, 2009.),
(US EPA) SW 846

48

( , 25/96)
, ( ,
69/99)
50
( , 12/95)
51
, ( , 55/01)
52
( , 53/06)
49

168

 , / , 8081, 8270 (. Test Methods

for Evaluation Solid waste, Phusical/Chemical Methods, EPA 8082, 8270);
: EN 12766-1:2000,
. .
PCB .
PCB (.
Methods of test for petroleum and its products. Petroleum products and used oils.
Determination of PCBs and related products. Separation and determination of selected
PCBs congeners by gas chromatography (GC) using an electron capture detector (ECD)),
EN 12766-2:2001, .
. PCB .
PCB (. Methods of test for petroleum and its products. Petroleum products
and used oils. Determination of PCBs and related products. Calculation of polychlorinated
biphenyl (PCB) content) EN 61619:1997, .
.
(. Insulation liquids. Contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs). Method of determination by capillary column gas chromatography);
N-15527: 2008, .

/ (. Characterization of waste Determination
of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in waste using gas chromatography mass
spectrometry (GC/MS)) (

, 2009.), (US EPA),
SW 846 , /
(. Test Methods for Evaluation Solid waste, Phusical/Chemical Methods);
PCDD/F
(US EPA), SW 846
, / :
8290 1, 1998. , -p-
/
(. Test Methods for Evaluation Solid waste,
Phusical/Chemical Methods: Method 8290A Revision 1, December 1998, Polychlorinated
Dibenzo p Dioxins and Polichlorinated Dibenzofurans by High Resolution Gas
Chromatography/ Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry ( ((1-) 5-1000 ng/kg).
PCDD/F
/ (. High
Resolution Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry).

. ;
: EN 12766-1 EN 12766-2
, EN 61619 .
.
, 2009. ,
, ,
( ).
, .
,


. ,
, ,
169

 ,
.

.

.
, , ,

,

.
,
,
. ,

.

:
850/2004/C 1195/2006/C
172/2007/C,

.
,
.

.
, .


.

2.3.8.8

2.3.8.8.1
POPs ,
, , .
POPs .
POPs ,
. , POPs
,
POPs . , ,
,
.

2.3.8.8.2
2003. 18
. EPA PCB (28, 52, 101, 118, 138,
153, 180). PCB 0,4-14,31 ng/g,
3,26 ng/g.

170

 :
PCB 28: 0,040,37; PCB 52: 0,040,44, PCB 101: 0,041,21; PCB 118: 0,050,62; PCB
138: 0,134,61; PCB 153: 0,134,81; PCB 180: 0,103,07 ng/g .
PCB. ,
PCB 1993. .

2.3.8.8.3

.
POPs 3 3.

:
(WHO).
10 LOAEL 14-37 pg TCDD kg1 1
(TDI tolerable daily intake) 1-4 pg WHO-TEQ kg1 ,
- . (4 pg WHO-TEQ kg1
)
1 pg WHO-TEQ kg1 -1.
(SCF).
2000. . 1 pg WHO-TEQ kg1
.
(t-TWI temporary tolerable weekly intake) 7 pg WHO-TEQ kg1 .
,
.
,
14 pg WHO-TEQ kg1 .
(JACFA).
(PTMI) 70 pg kg1
. PCDD, PCDF
PCB TEFs .
(COT).
TCDD 0,5 7,5 ,
TDI 2 pg kg1 -1.
(EPA).
, 1 x
10 3/ pg TCDD kg1 1.
(ATSDR).
(MRL)
1 pg kg1 1 ( TCDD TEQ).
16- Rhesus
TCDD .

2.3.8.9

()


.
171

 , , ,
, , ,
.

,
.

.

2.3.8.9.1
,
.
,
, :
-
;
- ;
- ,
;
- ;
- ;
- .

. ,
:
- .
3 .
15 20;
- ;
-
, ;
- ISO 17025 ;
- .

2.3.8.9.2

2.3.8.9.2..

172

 2.3.8.9.2.:
, - ,
,
.
,
2007. a EPER (. European
Pollutant Emission Register) E, -PRTR.

2.3.8.10
16.

, B C,
.
, UNEP
(. Global Monitoring Plan of Persistent Organic pollutants)

.


, .

.

,
,
. ,
. ,

, , , ,
/ .
,
.
173

 ,


. , ,
(
) .

POPs
, .
RECETOX
( )
.
PAS (. passive air samplers)
,
(Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic),
, 2006. ,
.

2.3.8.11

,
.

.
, ,
. ,
.
,
.

.
.

( )

,
.
.

.


, .

174

2.3.9 , ,
,

2.3.9.1

, (, , ),
.

,
.

, ,
, , , , , ,
.

.
.
,
, 2001.

.
.

, ,
, -
, ,
, , PCB .

, ,
. ,

.
,


.


,
, .
,

.
[14]

, .

175

,

1.
2.

2.3.9.1..:

2.3.9.2

2.3.9.2.1 a

,
.
: (1. 2.
) (3. 4. ), (1-6. )
(1. 2. ). ,
(5-8. ). 4.
.

,
. , ,
, ,
.
2003/04. ,
,
.

2.3.9.2.2

.

176

: , , ,
.
, :
, , , ( ), : ,
, .
( )
.
.

, .

2.3.9.2.3
24 (, ,
), .
17 (12
5 ). , ,
, : , , ,
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, ; - ;
- , , -
; - ; - ,
; -
, ; - ; -
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, ,
, , - ,
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,
. ,
.

: , , .
.

2.3.9.2.4

.

.
( 2003. ).
.
,
. 190 2006/07. , 21
19 .

177

2.3.9.2.5

,
.


.

( ).

.
.

ECBP 2003
.
.

2.3.9.3

,
.
,
.
. .

, ,
.

Strategic marketing, 22. 30. 2007. .

( 4%, 28%, 34%, 25%,
8%).
POPs
, , , e
08. 23. 2007. 400 .

, 20% .

POPs , .
, ,
.
POPs
, je
80% (
),
.
y:
POPs
178

 , 20% , 30%
;
72%
, je
, (, ) 25%
;
, 40% (41,5%)
, 39% ;
, 28%
, 72%
,
80% e
; 10%
- , 2%
a.

,
(
, , , ,
).
, ,
,
18 .

2.3.9.4. , ,
, ,
POPs

, POPs :
BAT/BEP UNEP-,
2005. , , ;
POPs
2005. , , ;
UNEP/GEF
POPs
2005. , , ;
(UNEP/GEF)
()
, 2006. , , ;
POPs , 2006. , , ;
POPs
2006. , , ;
:
, 2006. , ,
;
POPs , 2006. , ,
;
PCB , 2006. , ,
;
179

 PCB , 2006. , ,
;
PCB , 2006. , ,
;
POPs
, 2007.
, , ;

POPs, 2007. , , ;

, 2007. ,
, ;
T POPs ,
2008. , , ;
, 2008. ,
, ;

,
, 2008. , , ;

, 2008. , , ;

POPs, 2008. , , ;
,
2008., , ;
PCB, /
POPs TAIEX , 2008. , ,
;
PCB
, 2008. , , ;

2009. , ;

2.3.9.5

. ,
160
(www.rec.org/REC/Databases/NGODirectory/NGOFind.html) 35
(www.rec.org/REC/Databases/EnvInfDirectory/search.html).

(:http://directory.crnps.org.yu). 53

.
,

.

53

( , 51/09)

180

 ,
(, ,
.).
, .
.
30 27 .
, 1990.
. 15000 150
.
2005. VOLVOX,
100 .
,
, GREEN PRESS.

. ,
15 .
SEEENN South Eastern European Environmental NGOs Network, YEE
Youth and Environment Europe, MED Forum Mediterranean NGO Network for Ecology and
Sustainable Development CEEB
. CERI
Carpathian Ecoregion Initiative. 2003.
. 21
- , GEF, UNNGO, ECO-Forum, ,
DEF.

, .
, ,
, .

POPs
2006. REC-.

.


:

;
, ;
( , ,
, );
(
: , , , );
;
(, , );


, ,

. (. ,
181

 ,
).

,
.

, .
,
,
.


.
.

2.3.9.6

POPs

, POPs ,
POPs http://

http://www.ekoplan.gov.rs/php/projekti/pops.
:
http://www.pops.int
http://www.pic.int
http://www.basel.int
UNEP-Chemicals http://www.chem.unep.ch
http://www.who.ch

http://www.fao.org
http://www.unido.org
OECD http://www.oecd.org
UNITAR http://www.unitar.org
IFCS http://www.ifcs.int/fcs
GEF http://www.gefweb.org
POPs
:

(PCB) : , ,
, , , , ,
, , , ,

POPs
POPs

182

2.3.9.7

2003.
,

. ,
, ,
.

2.3.9.8

1.

.

( , ,
) .
;
2. ,
,

;
3. ,
.
,
.
,
.
( )

.

183

2.3.10 s ,
;
2.3.10.1

.
, ()
SRPS ISO/IEC 17025:2006.
.
.
2.3.10.1.a.:

/

()

()

13

13

10

16 ,
26 .
,
. ,
-6, -20, -12,
-4 -3.
6 .
.
,

2.3.10.1., 2.3.10.1., 2.3.10.1., 2.3.10.1., 2.3.10.1. 2.3.10.1.e.
2.3.10.1..:
POPs

- ...

() -
(
)
-
(PCDD/PCDF
(PCB)
p
(PCDDs/PCDFs)
(PCB)

VM/MET 381
VM/MET 388
Q 5.21.035
EN 1948-1:2006

EN 1948-2:2006

184

M ,

.., ,

(

(PAH)

(PAH)
PCB /OCP -

() : 0.02-20ng/m3
()
0.10-10.0ng/m3

() : 0.01-1g/l
()
GC/ECD

HPLC
()
GC/ECD
a
GC/ECD
O
-
(GC/S)
(, , , ,
,, , , 1.3, DD)
PCB -
PAH- GCMS


-

(PAH) -
p-
p-
-
p--p-
-

-p- -

ISO 11338-1:2003

ISO 11338-2:2003

Q 5.21.038
0102
0104
- 211
NIOSH 5503:1994
NIOSH 5506:1998
EPA M 8082 A:
1996
EPA M 8081 B:
1998
Q5-02-14
EPA 8270C/1996

Q5-02-70
Q5-02-71
ISO 12884/04
EPA TO9A/1999
EPA 8290/94
EPA TO-13A:1999
ISO 11338-1:2003
EN 1948-1:2006

EPA 0023:1996
EPA TO 9A:1999

185

 2.3.10.1..: POPs

..

- ...

,
,
, ,

:
; ; ; ; ; 1,4,4- DDE;
4,4-DDD; 2,4,4 DDT;
, ,



()
GC/ECD
: ,


:
, -, -, -, p,p- DDE, p,p- DDT,
0.00002-0.2 mg/kg



()

:
, , , , , DDT

M .. ,

..
,

() : 0.01-1g/l

VM/ MET 378

Q5.22.019
EPA 8081
Q5.22.001
EPA 610
Q5.22.003
EPA 608
ZZ 215
0005
0011
25
ISO 6468: 1996
DMN.38.136
DMN.38.138
UP/CIA/M /11
International standard
IEC 61619
009
508.1
UP-801

- 213
- 080

505

,


HPLC
()
GC/ECD
a
GC/ECD
,

8100
8080
EPA 550.1: 1990
EPA M 8082 A: 1996
EPA M 8081 B: 1998

EPA 8270 C : 1996

186

 2.3.10.1..: POPs

..

,

,
, ,

M .. ,

- ...
,

..
,

:
; ; ; ; ; 1,4,4DDE; 4,4-DDD; 2,4,4 DDT;

()
()

()

()
GC/ECD

()

() : 5.0-250 g/kg
()
10-1000g/kg

5 1000 ng/kg
,

VM/ MET 374

US EPA
3540C, 360C,8310
US EPA
3540C, 3630C,
8082
UP/CIA/M /11
International
standard IEC
61619
EPA M 8082 A:
1996
Q 5.23.038
EPA 8082, 8100,
3540 C
0085
0085
0086

EPA 8270 C : 1996

2.3.10.1..: POPs

...

( )

:
; ; ; ; ; 1,4,4- DDE;
4,4-DDD; 2,4,4 DDT GC/MS
:
; ; ; ; ; 1,4,4- DDE;
4,4-DDD; 2,4,4 DDT GC/ECD
()

()

GC/ECD
(HCH, HCE, , DDT )

..

..
,

IHM-03-002

VM/ MET 354

VM/ MET 375; 364

0020
0086
0021

29
JUP 010102-34

02R.01.001
:

MZS 14475/2-87

187

 ..

...

A BIO TECH LAB ...

, -, -, -, p,p- DDE, p,p- DDT 0.0002-0.2 2

mg/kg
(



(o e: 0.001 - 0.1 mg/kg)
, , , ,
, DDT, DDD, DDE,
, HCH, HCH, HCH


:
, , 4,4-DDT, , HC, -HC, -C( ), ,
--, - , ,
-, -


( )

( )


(-BHC, -BHC, -BHC, -BHC,
, , -,
-, -,, 1,4,4-DDE, ,,
4,4-DDD, ,2,4,4DDT, ,)
GC MS


5 % (GC/MS)
: 0.001-50 mg/kg

11

0400

008

UP-806

- 081

12)
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2.3.10.2..:

Vukmirovi, B.Z. et
al.

Regional air pollution caused by a simultaneous

destruction of major industrial sources in a war zone.
The case of April Serbia in 1999

Atmospheric Environment,
2001,Vol. 35(15), pp. 2773-2782

urk, . et al.

Post-war levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

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Environmental Chemistry Letters,

2007, Vol. 5(3), pp. 109-113

190

krbi, B. et al.

Non-dioxin-like PCB in crops and related products:

Levels and intakes in Serbia

Food Additives & Contaminants:

Part A,
2007 , Vol.24(6), pp. 652 - 662

Kovaevi, R. et al.

Effect of PCB on androgen production by suspension

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The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry

and Molecular Biology
1995, Vol.52 (6), pp. 595-597

Vojinovi-Miloradov,
M. et al

Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls and

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Water Science and Technology,

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Vukavi, . et al.

PCB pollution of early milk in the Province of

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Environmental Toxicology and

Pharmacology
2008, Vol. 25(2), pp.176-178

Kaisarevic, S. et al.

Detection of dioxin-like contaminants in soil from the

area of oil refineries in Vojvodina region of Serbia.

Bulletin of Environmental
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(2007) Vol.79 (4), pp.422-426.

Manojlovi, D. et al.

Degradation of transformer oil on the basis of PCB

without disturbing the existing quality of the
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Electric Power Industry

2003, Vol. 56 (2), pp. 35-40

Andri, L.N. et al.

Effect of a PCB-based transformer oil on testicular

steroidogenesis and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes

Reproductive Toxicology
2006, Vol. 22(1), pp. 102-110

krbi, B. et al.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Soils of

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Journal of Environmental Science

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Antonijevi, B. et al.

Simulated impact of a fish based shift in the

population n3 fatty acids intake on exposure to
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Food and Chemical Toxicology

2007, Vol. 45(11), pp. 2279-2286

Goloboanin, D.D. et
al.

Principal component analysis for soil contamination

with PAHs

Chemometrics and Intelligent

Laboratory Systems
2004, Vol. 72 (2), pp. 219-223

Lonar, S. E. et al.

Qualitative TLC determination of some polycyclic

aromatic hydrocarbons in sugar-beet

Journal of the Serbian Chemical

Society
2005, Vol.70(10), pp. 1237-1242

krbi, B. et al

Organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide

residues in wheat varieties from Serbia

Food Additives & Contaminants:

Part A,
2007, Vol.24 (7), pp. 695 - 703

Lemi, J. et al.

Removal of atrazine, lindane and diazinone from water

by organo-zeolites

Water Research
2006, Vol.40 (5), pp.1079-1085

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Principal component analysis for soil contamination

with organochlorine compounds

Chemosphere
2007, Vol. 68(11) pp.2144-2152

Popovic, M. et al.

239 Effects of Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) leaves and

berries ether oil, PCB and CCl4 on production of
oxygen radicals

Toxicology Letters,
2003, Vol. 144(1), pp. 67

Andric, N. L. et al.

Effect of a PCB-based transformer oil on testicular

steroidogenesis and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes

Reproductive toxicology
2006, Vol. 22(1), pp.102-110

Andric, N. et al.

In vivo and in vitro effects of PCB126 and PCB153 on

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Environmental Toxicology and

Pharmacology (2008)25, 222-226

Andri, S. et al.

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyl-containing and

free transformer fluids on testicular enzyme activities

Fresenius Environmental Bulletin

FEB, (2003):Vol. 12, pp.245-249

191

Andri, S.A. et al.

Acute effects of polychlorinated biphenyl -containing

and free transformer fluids on rat testicular
steroidogenesis

Env Health Persp

2000, Vol. 108 (10) pp. 955-959

Andri, S.A. .et al.

Inhibition of rat testicular androgenesis by a

polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1248

Biology of Reproduction
2000 Vol. 62(6), pp. 1882-1888

2.3.10.2..:

Andri N., et al.

Effects of commercial PCB mixture on

rat testicular enzyme activities

Kovacevi R., et al.

Application of combined bioanalysis and

gas chromatography methods in detection
of PCB and dioxin-like compounds in
sediment samples.

Zoric S., et al.

Danube-Subic sediments: PCB congener

profile and dioxin-like toxic potency.

Vojinovi-Miloradov,
M. et al.

The residues of PCB and organochlorine

hydrocarbons in the frog liver from the
Kragujevac Hot Spot

Andri, S.A. et al.

Acute effects of PCB- and mineral oil

based dielectric fluids on antioxidant
enzyme activities in adult rat testis.

Adamov, J. et al.

Vojinovic-Miloradov,
M. et al.

Adamov, J. et al.

Ljubojevic, S. et al.

Content of PCB in food in animal and

plant origin in Vojvodina (Serbia) after
industrial disasters in 1999
The residual levels of PCB determined by
gc/ecd and bioassay in soil samples from
Kragujevac after the warfare in former
Yugoslavia
Contents of polychlorinated biphenils in
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Vojvodina (Serbia),

Is DDT still a threat? Exposure of human

population to DDT and its metabolites
via food

Matic, I M. et al.

Conceptual hydrogeological and

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Antonijevic, B.

Food Chemical Contaminants in Serbia

Antonijevic, B.

Exposure of General Population to

Dioxines and Dioxin-like Compounds

6th International Symposium Interdisciplinary
Regional Research (Hungary, Romania,
Yugoslavia). (2002): University of Novi Sad,
Yugoslavia. CD Proceedings 0103.
35th IAD Conference, Novi Sad, Serbia and
Montenegro (2004), Limnological reports 35,
Proceedings, pp. 181-186.
International Symposium on Danube Basin and
Sustainable Development, Novi Sad, Serbia and
Montenegro (2005), CD Proceedings.
23rd International Symposium on Halogenated
Environmental Organic Pollutants and POPs,
DIOXIN 2003,
Boston, USA (2003) , Proceedings pp.45-48
3rd International Symposium Interdisciplinary
Regional Research, part II, University of Novi
Sad, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia(1998), Proceedings
pp. 915-918.
6th International Symposium and Exhibition on
Environmental Contamination in Central and
Eastern Europe, Prague (2003), Proceedings on
CD
PSU-UNS International Conference 2003: Energy
and the Environment, Thailand(2003),
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ICOSECS - 4thInternational Conference of the
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Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro (2004),
Proceedings 161
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Eastern Europe- Prague, Czech Republic, 2003,
Book of Abstracts, 90.
First Conference on Applied Environmental
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Europe, Vienna, Austria, 2003, Book of
Abstracts, 160.
FOODSAFENET Workshop, International Life
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international November 28- December 2,
Belgrade 2006, Arh Farm 2006; 4: 593-594.

192

Petrovic, V. et al.

Average intake of dioxins and

polychlorinated biphenyls among adult
population in Serbia

Vukomanovi, P. et
al.

Organochlorine and organophosphorus

pesticides in various herbal teas grown in
our rural environment

Jankovic, S. et al.

Levels of non-dioxin-like PCB in

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7th Xenobiotic Metabolism and Toxicity

Workshop of Balkan Countries, Novi Sad, Serbia,
2008 June 3-6, Eur J Drug Metabol
Pharmacokinet 2008; 33: 14.
Second International Conference on Rural Health
& First International Conference on Occupational
and Environmental Health in Mediterranean,
South East, and Central European Countries
2004, May 26-29 2004, Belgrade, Serbia and
Montenegro, Book of abstracts: 116.
45th Congress of the European Societies of
Toxicology EUROTOX 2008, Rhodes, Greece,
2008 October 5-8, Toxicol Lett 2008; 180: S181.

2.3.10.3
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, .

223

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E

5.000.000
E

3: BAT/BEP

 BAT BEP
,

.


,
, ,

.
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(,, ,
, ), .

IPPC.

.

.
72.000
E

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.

, .

,
, ,

POPs
.

.

50 ,
6597 W.
6 000 W, 82%
18% .
60% .
,
24,5%,

16%.
,

20000
. ,
,
2012.
100000
.

, 70000
,
30000 .

.

,


.

224

4:
/

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BAT
BEP,

.

 4.2:
.

4.1.

POPs
.
,

-. ,

,
.
,
2015.
2015.
7%
(170000
), 1.200
. 56% , 24%
() 20% . 14%

, 33% , 39% ,
7% 7% .

. ,
,
.

.

:
;
;

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.


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, . ,
.
(
,
,
.

225

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,

.

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PAH ( 20% PAH
) .
. 2

.

.
,
.

.

,
. ,

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. ,
,
.

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.

,

,
.
, ,
,

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.


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. ,


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.

.)

,
.

.



.

226


.


. (,
, ),
.
,
2015.
2015.
2007-2012,
,
(
99/32/C) (
98/70/C).

2012.
1999/32
93/12/C
2003/17/C - 98/70/C

2010.

98/69/EC 2001/100/EC.
.

.

.

5.1:


POPs .

POPs
.

(
PCDD/PCDF)

(, ).

,


.

5: POPs

4.5:


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.
1 2 .
,
.
,

.
,
.

227

18.000
E

20.000
E

.


.

.

.

(
).

)
.

,

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)
() PCDD, PCDF PCB.

(),
.

,
.

,
(, ), .

. ,
,
, .

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HCB PAH)
,
(UNEP Toolkit, EMEP,
.).

(),
,
o

6: POPs ,

5.4:


.

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5.2:


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.

.

.

228

280.000
E

210.000

8.000
E

500.000
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 6.4:

.

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.

6.3:


.

6.2:



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.

.


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.

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.

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.

A .

.

A .

.

229

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E

20.000
E

38.000
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6.5:

/ ,


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(


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).

6.1.

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.

.

. ,

.


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e .



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),

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.
,

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, ,
.).

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.
, .

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).

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A .

.

.

230

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E

36.000
E

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:
.
:

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,
,
.

231

.

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.

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2:

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,
/

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, ,
,

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/

.

232

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38.000

28.000

12.000

1:

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,
.
POPs

.

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.

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.

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,
.

A


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.

.

.

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.

A.

.


.

30.000

130.000

250.000

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, ,
.

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.
.

2.1.-2.3.

.

, ,
.

233

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.

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,
.

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.

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.

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.

, .

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.

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,

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).

/
.

.

.

234

60.000

15.000.0
00

60.000

55.000

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:
POPs ,
acquis.
:
POPs
acquis ,
,

POPs ,

POPs
POPs.

235

 1.4:

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,

1.2:

,
.
1.3:



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1.1:
PBT
,

1.2.
.

2009.
.
,
.
,


.

.

1.2. .

(,
,),
().

(, ,
3.
),

().


.
.

.


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PBT.

.

,

,

.

.

.
.

236

40.000

8.000

1: POPs acquis

O
POPs
, acquis

 1.8:

1.6:



,
/



.
1.7:

POPs (PCB,
POPs
POPs
).

,
.
1.5:



.

1.2.

6.

, POPs

.



.

(
, 37/88 ,.53/93, 67/93
48/94)
.

, ,
,
.

.
,
, .

.
.
.
,
, ,
,
.,
.

(, ).

().

.

.

237

20.000

8.000


/ .
SRPS
,
.


,
. ( 1.12 ,
2.4. 6.6.
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB)).

2.1.
.

4.5.
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

.



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,
, , .

,

,

, ,
.



.

2.2:

, ,

.
2.3:

POPs

2.1:


,
POPs
.

1.4.
.

1.3.
.

1.4. 2.2.
.

238

2: ,
POPs

1.9:

.
1.10:




SRPS .

 2.6:


BAT/BEP,

BAT
BEP,

.
2.7:

/ ,
POPs
(

POPs

).

2.5:



BAT/BEP,

BAT/BEP

POPs .

.
2.4:




.

6.5.
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

3.3.
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

2.2.
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

2.1.
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

239

 2.9:



.
2.10:






.
2.11:


PCB
PCB

2.12:

.

2.8:
/




, .

1.3.

.
,

.

,
.

1.7. .

6.2.
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

2.3.
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

(,
),
().

240

24.000



.
2011. 2008



.
().

20.000

3.1:






.

(),
.

POPs
.
9. 3.


.

.


9.3 9.4. .



.

/ (
, ).
/

241

44.000

3: POPs
POPs

2.13:


, POPs .

,
2009. .

(KemI),
2008
,

.

help-desk-.

 3.5:




.
3.6:

,
PCB
/



.
3.7:

,


.
3.8:

PCB
, ,
.
3.9:

3.2:

.
3.3:

.

POPs


.
3.4:

.

1.8. .

1.4. .

1.3. .

2.5.
.

2.4.
.

6.4.
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

6.3.
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

3.12.

.

242

 3.12:





,
,
.

.
3.10:
o
PCB
,

.
3.11:


.

.


,

.


.

.
,
, .
1.1. .
1.1.
.

2.4.
.

1.11. .

1.9. 1.10. .

().

243

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: ,

.
:
/
, ,

( )
.

244

 1.4:.







.
1.5:.

1.1:



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.
1.2:
/

PCDD/F (),



.
1.3:




.
(),
, .

, .

(. , 23/94)

,
,
,
.

,

.

,

.


.

(,
, ).

,
,
PCDD/F ()
.


.

1.10.

.

,


.

.

.

.




.

245

166.000

54.000

54.000

166.000

1: / ,

 1.9:



.

1.6:.


. /


.
1.7:
(
)

.


.
1.8:


.

,
/


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1.21.5.

(,
).

,
(

).

, ,
,

, .

.
,
, ,
, .

.

.


.
POPs
POPs

.


.

5.3.
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

.
(. , 62/06)

.



, ,

,
.
.

,
.

,
.

246

166.000

30.000

2.2:


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2.3:


POPs
.
2.4:


.

2.1:


.

,
,
,

.

5.2
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

, ,

, ,

,
(), ,
.

5.1
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

A
.
:
,

:
, ,

,

2: (
)

. (
),
.
,
.

,
, ,
, .

.

.

.

247

1.000.000

160.000

 2.5:



(PCDD, PCDF, HCB PAH)

(UNEP
Toolkit, EMEP, , .),


.
2.6:

( ).

1.

(, ,
)
-,
.
2.
(
)

.

6.1.
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

, ,
, ,
,
,

,

.

A
.
:
, ,
WHO,
,

,
.

248

268.000

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: .
:
POPs
,
POPs
.

249


1.1:


POPs


.

(, ,
).

10.
, ,

,

,
, ,
,
,


,

. ,
, ,
,


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.





.


.


( ,
.).

.

.

250

18.000

1: POPs

POPs

, ,

 1.4:


.
1.5:


.
1.6:

/ ,

1.2:

POPs






.
1.3:



.
(, ,
)

POPs


.

,

.
,
.


.


.

6.5.
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

1.7.
.

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.

,
.

,

.


, .

/ ,
.

.

.

.

.

251

90.000

10.000

16.000

20.000

 2007.

,
,
, .

POPs, ,
, 5
,
.
O

.

.
a .

(, ),
().

(X).

.

.

2.2:

,
PCB
/

2.1:

1.3. .

1.3.
.

2: POPs

1.8:
(
) 5 , 2010.
2015.

POPs
(


POPs


).
1.7:

.

252

10.000

4.000

 2.9:
POPs

2.8:

() POPs
.

2.7:


, POPs .

.
2.3:

PCB
(

).
2.4:

BAT/BEP,


BAT/BEP

POPs
2.5:




.
2.6:

.

je
POPs
/ POPs


.

9
POPs .
.

.

2.13.

.

2.12.

.

2.1.
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

2.2.
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB).

1.5 .

(, ),
.

(, ),
(, ).

.

.

253

2.000

4.000

 ,
,


.

,
. ,


.

- ,
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
- ,

-
-

-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-

254

-
-

-
-

-
-

255

3.4

:
1. ( PCB,
POPs )
2. : A ,
PCB, A o POPs (PCDD/PCDF, PCB
HCB), A , A
, A
, a , ,

[42] ,
:
1. , ,
;
2. Benefit transfer (
, . , );
3. .

, ,
:
- POPs,
, , POPs (
);
-
( );
-
,
;
-
.
,
a ,
.
. 3.4.
, , ,
, 60.209.000
( 3.4..).
3.4..:

.
1
A
2
PCB
3
A o POPs
(PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB)
54

54
6.529.000
20.990.000
14.463.000

256

4
5

A
A

A
a , ,

6
7

15.825.000
164.000
2.064.000
174.000

1000
14000
12000
10000

1000

8000
6000
4000
2000
0
2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

3.4..: , 2009-2016
:






PCB 5 dm3 0,05% 2015.
PCB 5 dm3
0,05-0,005%
/

BAT/BEP ,
,
POPs
2 3 (
)

55

55
4.200.000

20.000.000

5.000.000
5.000.000

15.000.000

257

 , ,
.
POPs, .
, . ,
,
. , ,
, PCB
,
.
, ,
: 1. , 2.
,
, 3.
,
, ,
, ,
POPs. ,

.
, ,
.
, 25,4.%,
19,7%,
11,6%, 3,5 %,
POPs 38,9%
.

3.4.1
,
60
,
(, -).
,
50 55 .

.

.
.

:
1. PCB
,
;
2. PCB
PCB ;
3.
;

258

4.

.

259


2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

1.1:

1.2:
POPs
,
1.3: , ,

1.4:
POPs

1.5: :
POPs
POPs .
1.6: , POPs

1.7:

1.8:

1.9: (O)
, POPs 1.4 1.6,
,

254
40

250
48

11

500

27

34

500

14

14

10

. 1:

260

11

500

88

504

500

61

28

10

2016 1,000

: POPs ,

( )

3.5..: 2009-2016

3.5

2009

2010

2012
250

2011
250

2013

2014

2015

408

10

22

2
2201

21

2
1100

2
756

2
706

2
656

2
702

6529

12

20

10

43

1.2: ,

1.3: ,
PCB /

1.1: PCB

261

10
1

10

38

4200

500

: , PCB PCB PCB

PCB PCB
. 1: PCB PCB

PCB

2.5:

2.2: , ,

2.3:

2.4:

2016 1,000

300
550
550
750
700
650
700
. 2:

2.1: , ,
0
14
24

1.10: ,
, POPs ,

1.11:

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2
10

234

3722

5006

4005

4005

1.4:

1
1.5: PCB
30
0
1.6:

30
0
0
1.7: PCB
PCB
10
10
1.8: PCB
, ,
4
1.9:
150
150
1.10:
4
4
3
3
1.11: o PCB
,
2
2
2
2
1.12:


4
. 2: , PCB PCB
2.1:

500
2.2: ,

0

2.3:

/
52
2.4: /

0
0
2.5:
PCB 5 dm3 0,05%
2015. PCB 5 dm3
0,05-0,005%
3000 5000 4000 4000

4004

4000

262

20990

20 000

52

500

10

4
300
20

20

30

1
30

2016 1,000

2015

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016 1,000

1000
200
20
200

200

200
100
20
200

200

200

200

20

200

1000

200

200

20

200

1000

200

200

20

100

1000

100

400

100

400

1000

1000

2.1:

2.2:
BAT/BEP,
BAT/BEP
POPs
2.3: /
,

2.4: ,
,
POPs
.

46

46

263

26

56

27

26

29

100

1000

5000

. 2: BAT/BEP
(,
) 2 3

1.1: /

1.2:
,
1.3:
( )
1.4:
a
1.5:
(
)

: POPs
POPs
. 1:
( , , ,

POPs (PCDD/PCDF, PCB HCB)

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

12

10

500

12

1500

12

1000

12

1000

12

1000

12

0
0

0
20

5.1:
POPs
5.2:
POPs
5.3:

5.4:

30

30

264

8
210
30

8
30

30

500

250

250

30

18

20

72

10

5000

18

30

. 5: POPs

4.3:

4.4:
,
4.5:

4.1:
4.2:

. 4:
/

3.1: BAT/BEP ,
,

POPs

2 3
( )
3.2: BAT/BEP
IPPC 3.1.
3.3:
BAT/BEP,
BAT BEP,

2016 1,000

. 3:
BAT/BEP

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

1826

12

38

100

3645

4
2680

10

10

10

180

2662

2570

542

538

1.1:
,
, /

, , ,
,

12

265

12

14463

36

10

20

38

280

2016 1,000

. 1:

6.1:
(PCDD, PCDF, HCB and PAH) ,
(UNEP Toolkit, EMEP,
.)
6.2:
POPs

.
6.3:

6.4: .
POPs

6.5: / ,

POPs (
POPs
)
6.6:
SRPS

. 6: POPs ,

2009

2014

2015

62

50

250

130
5

4147

4000
12

4067

4000
12

50

2072

2000
12

55

1077

60
1000
12

15825

60
15000
60

55

50

266

:
POPs , acquis
. 1: POPs acquis

85

4267

110

4000
12

3.1:

3.2:

3.3:

3.4:
3.5:

30

250
130

112

. 3: ,

2.1:

2.2:

2.3:
2.4:
POPs

2016 1,000

38

2013

20

2012

28

18

2011

28

2010

. 2:

1.2:
, /

1.3: o
,

2015

2016 1,000

2.1:
, POPs
2.2: , ,

2.3:
POPs

0
0

0
0

267

20

20

40

2014

40

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

. 2: ,
POPs

1.10:
SRPS

1.1: PBT
,


1.2: ,

1.3:
POPs
1.4:
POPs ,
,
1.5:

1.6:
, /

1.7: POPs (PCB,
POPs POPs )
1.8:

1.9:

12

2009

12

268

20

24

2016 1,000

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

. 3: POPs

2.13:
, POPs

2.4:

2.5:
BAT/BEP,
BAT/BEP
POPs
2.6:
BAT/BEP,
BAT BEP,

2.7: / ,

POPs (
POPs
)
2.8: /

,
2.9:


2.10:



2.11:
PCB PCB

2.12:

2009

3.1:


0
3.2:
3.3: .
POPs

3.4:
3.5:

3.6: ,
PCB /

.
0
3.7:
,

0
3.8: PCB
, ,
3.9:

3.10: o PCB
,
3.11:

3.12:

, ,

0
5
66
91

44

2010

POPs

0
0

0
0

0
0

2012

2011

0
0

2013

0
0

2014

0
0

2015

269

164

0
0

44
0

2016 1,000

 1.1:
SRPS
1.2: /
PCDD/PCDF (),

1.3:


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www.pops.int/documents/guidance
www.statserb.gov.rs
www.tredi.co.nz/htm/identify.htm
www.zdravlje.gov.rs

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