GSM Overview

GSM 2G
Developed by European Community(1991) Following ISDN Classified as Tele services and Data services International roaming

GSM Air Resource Allocation

Radio Transmission Techniques
FDMA TDMA CDMA

Spectrum GSM900

Cellular NETWORK
Reusing frequencies in different geographic areas:
7 cell repeat pattern is typical, but other patterns are also common
7-cell reuse pattern A3 A3 G1 G3 G2 A1 A2 G3 B3 B1 B2 G1 G2 C3 A1 A2 C1 C2

B3

B1 B2

F1 D1 F3 D3 D2 D1 F2 E3 E1 F1 D3 F3 E2 D2 E1 F2 E3 Frequency E2 reuse C1 C3 C2

GSN SYSTEMs

GSM Network Elements

Handset BTS: Base Transceiver Station BSC: Base Station Controller MSC: Mobile Switching Center HLR/VLR: Home Location Register/Visiting
Location Register

SIM Card: Subscriber Identity Module Card

BSS

NSS

MSC

VLR

HLR

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

Subscriber Identity Module
Contains
phone number (MSISDN) international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) status of SIM service code authentication key PIN (personal identification code) PUK (personal unlock code)

SIM Cards
SIM cards are embedded with a microprocessor
Stores customer identity information and is made to fit inside the cellular phone

Memory capacity
1K, 3K, 8K, 16K With/Without OTAC (Over The Air Customization)

Two types of SIM card form factors

ID-1 SIM Plug-In SIM

Essential Functions
Initialization Registration/Location Updating Bursty Data/Signaling Transmission
Paging, channel assignment, control signaling, signaling data, ...

Mobility
Handoff, roaming

HO

PCM

PCM

Speech Coding
unvoiced
random sequence generator

G(z), G(), g[n]

u[n]

Excitation parameters

G(z) = P

1
1 akz-k
k=1

x[n] : voiced/ unvoiced v/u

N : pitch for voiced G : signal gain excitation signal u[n] Vocal Tract parameters

periodic pulse train generator

v/u
voiced

Vocal Tract Model

N Excitation
{ak} : LPC coefficients formant structure of speech signals

A good approximation, though not precise enough

GSM Groups

Standards