Question Bank

UNIT 8: Atoms & Nuclei

Very Short answer type questions: 1. What are thermal neutrons ? 2. How is half life of a radioactive substance related to its average life ? 3. why is the ionizing power of - particles are greater than that of rays ? 4. A nucleus nxm emits 1 particle and 1 particle. What are the mass number and atomic number of the product nucleus ? 5. State radioactive decay law ? ( 1 mark )

Short answer type questions: 1. Nuclear forces are short range forces. Explain. 2. Why is the energy distribution of rays continuous ? 3. What do you understand by binding energy per nucleon ? 4. Calculate the energy equivalent of 1 a.m.u. in MeV.

( 2 marks )

5. How many electrons, protons and neutrons are these in a nucleus of atomic number 11 and mass number 24 ? 6. State two characteristics of nuclear forces. 7. Define the term half life period and decay constant of a radioactive sample. 8. A certain radioactive substance has a half life of 30 days. What is its disintegration constant? Find its average life ? 9. The half life of a radioactive substance is 30 sec. Calculate : (a) The decay constant. (b) Time taken for the sample to decay 3/4th of Initial value.

Short answer type questions:

( 3 marks )

1. Define half life of a radioactive substance. Deduce an expression for it.

2. a. Draw a labeled diagram showing the emission of - particles followed by -rays by a Co27 nucleus. b. Plot the distribution of kinetic energy of - particles and state why the energy spectrum continuous ? 3. Show that nuclear density is same for all the nuclei. 4. Calculate the Binding Energy per nucleon of deutron whose mass is 2.013554 u. Take mass of proton 1.007825 u and mass of neutron 1.008665 u. [ use 1 a.m.u. = 931.5 MeV 5. Draw a labeled diagram of experimental set up of Rutherfords particle scattering experiments. Write two conclusions drawn by this experiment. 6. Group the following six nuclides into three pairs of (i) isotones (ii) isotopes (iii) isobars.
60

Long answer type questions:

(5 Marks)

1. State and explain laws of radioactive disintegration. Hence define disintegration Constant and half life period. Establish relation them? Draw labeled diagram for particle Scattering experiment. Write Rutherfords observation. Obtain the expression which helps us to get an idea of size of nucleus, using these observations. What is meant by B.E. per nucleon? The binding energies of deutron (1H2) and particles (2He4) are 1.25 and 7.2 MeV/nucleon respectively. Which nucleus is more stable? Calculate B.E. per nucleon of
26Fe 56

. Given:

m (26Fe56) =

55.934939 a.m.u. m (proton) = 1.007825 a.m.u. m (neutron)= 1.008665 a.m.u. [ Ans. 8.79 MeV] 2. By using Bohrs postulates of atom model, derive the mathematical expressions for: (i) (ii) Kinetic energy and Potential energy of an electron revolving in an orbit of radius r.

3. What do you mean by nuclear density? Calculate the density of Hydrogen nucleus in S.I. Units, given Ro = 1.2 ferri, mass of a proton = 1.007825 a.m.u. 4. Define radioactive decay. How many and - particles are emitted when
238 92U

decays to
206

82Pb

? *******..