ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

OBJECT IS OBSERVED IN THREE DIRECTIONS. THE DIRECTIONS SHOULD BE NORMAL TO THE RESPECTIVE PLANES. AND NOW PROJECT THREE DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THOSE PLANES. THESE VEWS ARE FRONT VIEW , TOP VIEW AND SIDE VIEW. FRONT VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON VERTICAL PLANE ( VP ) TOP VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE ( HP ) SIDE VIEW IS A VIEW Projected ON PROFILE PLANE ( PP )

VP
2nd Quad. 1ST Quad.

Observer

X Y
X

HP

3rd Quad.

4th Quad.

THIS QUADRANT PATTERN, IF OBSERVED ALONG X-Y LINE ( IN RED ARROW DIRECTION) WILL EXACTLY APPEAR AS SHOWN ON RIGHT SIDE

FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION

IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT MEANS ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP.

FOR T.V.

OBJECT IS INBETWEEN OBSERVER & PLANE.

OR

. S.V

FO

F.V .

PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS (First Angle Method)

Only FV is visible .

Y
TO MAKE OTHER PLANES ALSO VISIBLE FROM THE ARROW DIRECTION,

Rotate other planes such that the planes do not overlap

Y X X

VP FV LSV

PP

Y
TV HP

HP IS ROTATED DOWNWARD 90 AND BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP.

PP IS ROTATED IN RIGHT SIDE 90 AND BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP.

ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS DRAWN IN FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS

THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION

IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT ( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. )

FOR T.V.

PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT AND INBETWEEN OBSERVER & OBJECT.

TV

X
LSV FV

ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS

OR

. .V S

FO

F.V .

FOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW
FO R

L.H.SIDE VIEW

R FO

. S.V

F.V

TOP VIEW

FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

Representation of invisible/ hidden details

Invisible edges are shown by dashed lines Precedence is to be given to the visible edges

FOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW

L.H.SIDE VIEW

OR

. .V S

FO

X
R F.V .

TOP VIEW

FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD