WELCOME TO BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY

Presented By M.L.Nikhil(09MD1A0438), III E.C.E G.J.S.Pavan Kumar(09MD1A0417), III E.C.E

HISTORY OF

The word "Bluetooth" is taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Bluetooth.

DEFINITION

Bluetooth is a high-speed, low-power microwave wireless link technology, designed to connect phones, laptops and other portable equipment together with little or no work by the user. The effective range of Bluetooth devices is 32 feet (10 meters). Bluetooth transfers data at the rate of 1 Mbps. It is also known as the IEEE 802.15 standards

Special Interest Group

Bluetooth SIG is responsible for encouraging and supporting research and development in Bluetooth technology.

Why bluetooth?

Cable replacement between devices. Supported by major companies. Open Specification Low power consumption Connection can be initiated without user interaction. Devices can be connected to multiple devices at the same time.

Technical features
Connection Type Spread Spectrum (Frequency Hopping) & Time Division Duplex (1600 hops/sec) 2.4 GHz ISM Open Band (79 MHz of spectrum = 79 channels) Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying 1 mw 100 mw 1 Mbps 30 ft 8 devices

Spectrum

Modulation Transmission Power Data Rate Range Supported Stations

Data Security Authentication 128 bit key Key Data Security Encryption Key Module size 8-128 bits (configurable) 9 x 9 mm

Operation Bluetooth FHSS

Employs frequency hopping spread spectrum Reduce interference with other devices Pseudorandom hopping 1600 hops/sec- time slot is defined as 625 microseconds

Time-Division Duplex Scheme

Channel is divided into consecutive slots (each 625 s) One packet can be transmitted per slot Subsequent slots are alternatively used for transmitting and receiving
Strict alternation of slots between the master and the slaves Master can send packets to a slave only in EVEN slots Slave can send packets to the master only in the ODD slots

Master &slave
The Bluetooth core system consists of an RF transceiver, baseband, and protocol stack. During typical operation, a physical radio channel is shared by a group of devices that are synchronized to a common clock and frequency hopping pattern. One device provides the synchronization reference. It is known as the master. All other devices are known as slaves. A group of devices synchronized in this fashion form a piconet. This is the fundamental form of communication for Bluetooth wireless technology.

Typical Bluetooth Scenario

Bluetooth will support wireless point-to-point and point-tomultipoint (broadcast) between devices in a piconet. Point to Point Link Master - slave relationship Bluetooth devices can function as masters or slaves m s

Piconet It is the network formed by a Master and one or more slaves (max 7) Each piconet has max capacity (1 Mbps)
m

Piconet Structure
Master Active Slave Parked Slave Standby

All devices in piconet hop together.

Connection State Machine

Inquiry

Page

Standby Transmit data

Park

Connected

Hol d

Snif f

Ad-hoc Network the Scatternet

Inter-piconet communication Up to 10 piconets in a scatternet Multiple piconets can operate within same physical space This is an ad-hoc, peer to peer (P2P) network

ARCHITECTURAL LAYERS:

Device Manager:
controls the general behavior of the Bluetooth enabled device

Functions : inquiring connecting making the local Bluetooth enabled device discoverable

Link Manager
Functions : Creation Modification

release of logical links

Establishment of link set-up between devices is called link manager protocal.

Baseband Resource Manager It acts as a scheduler that grants time on the physical channels to all of the entities that have negotiated an access contract. Link Controller: This is responsible for the encoding and decoding of Bluetooth packets RF: The RF block is responsible for transmitting and receiving packets of information on the physical channel.

security

Security Measures
Link Level Encryption & Authentication. Personal Identification Numbers (PIN) for device access. Long encryption keys are used (128 bit keys). These keys are not transmitted over wireless. Other parameters are transmitted over wireless which in combination with certain information known to the device, can generate the keys. Further encryption can be done at the application layer.

Bluetooth vs. IrD

Bluetooth
Point to Multipoint Data & Voice Easier Synchronization due to omni-directional and no LOS requirement Devices can be mobile Range 10 m

IrD
Point to point Intended for Data Communication Infrared, LOS communication Can not penetrate solid objects Both devices must be stationary, for synchronization Range 1 m

Bluetooth enabled devices

ADVANTAGES
Wireless Inexpensive Automatic Interoperability Low interference and energy consumption Share voice and data Upgradeable Long lasting technology

Limitations
Every Bluetooth device has to have type approval and qualification. Less Range Low data rate between devices

Conclusion
This technology is probably the only one that a good chance to become widely available among various devices.

Thank you