IEC 61850

Short Tutorial
Klaus-Peter Brand
klaus-peter.brand@ch.abb.com
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 2
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Lecturer Lecturer
Klaus-Peter Brand
ABB Switzerland Ltd
ABB University Switzerland & ABB Power
Technology Systems (Utility Automation)
Member of TC 57 WG10
Editor of IEC 61850-5
Co-editor of IEC 61850-7-4
Co-editor of IEC 61850-10
Member of Group of Experts handling amendments,
updates and extensions of IEC 61850
Liaison officer CIGRE SC B5 IEC TC57
klaus-peter.brand@ch.abb.com
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 3
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Scope and SA structure Scope and SA structure
Station
bus
Process
bus
IEC 61850 means Serial Communication for all functions
both between Station/Bay Level and Bay/Process Level
Station
gateway
Station
computer
HMI
Station
level
Control Protection Protection
& Control
Control Protection
Bay
level
Process Interface Process Interface Process Interface
Process
level Switchgear/Switchyard
Cu wires
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 4
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Situation before IEC 61850 Situation before IEC 61850
Protection
1
Protection
1
Protection
2
Protection
2
Station
Gateway
Central
Functions
HM I
Processinterface Processinterface Processinterface
DNP LON
60870-5
-101/4
60870-5
-103
FELDBU8 MODBU8 PROFBU8
MVB,CAN others
Protection
& Control
Station
level
Bay
level
Process
level
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 5
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Because of the
global, deregulated market
transnational business of utilities
international business of providers
one and only one global standard
for communication in substations
and beyond is needed
Market requirement Market requirement
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 6
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Requirements and meaning Requirements and meaning
Free configuration The standard shall support different philosophies
and allow a free allocation of functions e.g. it must
work equally well for centralized (RTU like) or
decentralized (SCS like) systems.
Interoperability The ability for IEDs from one or several
manufacturer to exchange information and use
the information for the their own functions.
Long term stability The standard shall be future proof, i.e.
it must be able to follow the progress in
communication technology as well as
evolving system requirements.
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 7
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
The response: IEC 61850 The response: IEC 61850 - - structure (1) structure (1)
Configuration
Part 6: Configuration Language
for electrical
Substation IEDs
Part 1: Introduction and
Overview
System Aspects
Part 2: Glossary
Part 3: General Requirements
Part 4: System and Project
Management
Part 5: Comm. Requirement
for Functions and
Device Models
IEC 61850
IEC 61850
-
-
x
x
(x =
(x =
part number
part number
)
)
I
E
C

6
1
8
5
0
i
s

r
e
a
d
y
f
o
r

u
s
e
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 8
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Part 10: Conformance Testing
Mapping to real Comm. Networks
(SCSM)
Part 8-1: Mapping to MMS and
to ISO/IEC 8802-3
Part 9-1: Sampled Values over
Serial Unidirectional
Multi-drop Point-to-Point link
Part 9-2: Sampled values
over ISO 8802-3
Testing
Part 7-3: Common Data Classes
Data Models
Part 7-4: Compatible Logical Node
Classes and Data Classes
Part 7-1: Principles and Models
Abstract Communication Services
Part 7-2: Abstract Communication
Services (ACSI)
IEC 61850
IEC 61850
-
-
x
x
(x =
(x =
part number
part number
)
)
The response: IEC 61850 The response: IEC 61850 - - structure (2) structure (2)
I
E
C

6
1
8
5
0
i
s

r
e
a
d
y
f
o
r

u
s
e
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 9
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Acceptance by Suppliers: see exhibition at Cigre exhibition Paris 2004
Booth of IEC 61850 Users Group UCA International
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 10
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Acceptance by Suppliers: participation at the UCA International booth
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 11
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Acceptance by Customers: Acceptance by Customers: Pilot projects Pilot projects
Pilot projects have been started at
the end of 2004
They are not part of the
Tutorial
but will be reported
in the
Workshops
or in the
Manufacturers Forum
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 12
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Approach and meaning Approach and meaning
Solution for
standardization approach
DATA MODEL
Objects
Service
ISO/OSI
seven
layer
stack
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
APPLICATION
switching devices
protection & control
commands, events,
alarms,

COMMUNICATION
messages,
telegrams, frames
on the wire

Application
Domain
Substation
Communication
Technology
Slow
Fast
Problem for
standardization approach
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 13
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Introduction of Logical nodes Introduction of Logical nodes
Communication relations in a
Substation Automation System
Information is exchanged between all devices (IED)
which comprise the system
More precisely, data are exchanged between the
functions and sub-functions residing in the devices
The smallest part of the function that exchanges data
is called Logical Node (LN) in IEC 61850. The LN
performs some operations for the overall function
IED IED
LN LN
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 14
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Circuit Breaker
Q0_L1/XCBR
Gas density mon.
Q0_L1/SIMG
Primary technology
Secondary
technology
Control
Q0/CSWI
Q8/CSWI
Q9/CSWI
Bay-HMI
IHMI
Distance
Protection
PDIS
Isolator
Q9_L1/XSWI
Gas density mon.
Q9_L1/SIMG
Earthing Switch
Q8_L1/XSWI
Gas density mon.
Q8_L1/SIMG
Logical Nodes in the Language of Substation Engineers
Example GIS
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 15
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Logical Node Groups (First letter listed) Logical Node Groups (First letter listed)
L System LN (2)
P Protection (28)
R Protection related (10)
C Control (5)
G Generic (3)
I Interfacing and archiving (4)
A Automatic control (4)
M Metering and measurement (8)
S Sensor and monitoring (4)
X Switchgear (2)
T Instrument transformers (2)
Y Power transformers (4)
Z Further power system
equipment (15)
Examples
PDIF: Differential protection
RBRF: Breaker failure
XCBR: Circuit breaker
CSWI: Switch controller
MMXU: Measurement unit
YPTR: Power transformer
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 16
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Data model: Hierarchy Data model: Hierarchy
Physical Device (IED)
defined as Server
Implementation
Logical Device (LD)
Grouping
Logical Node (LN)
Logical Node (LN)
Data (Object)
Data
Attribute
Properties
Value
Bay Unit
Control
CSWI CSWI Switch Control
Position
Control Value
off/on
Status Value
intermediate/off/on/bad
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 17
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Common LLN0
Protection
PTOC
Str Op
LLN0
Control
CSWI
Pos ctlVal stVal
LLN0
Control
Switch Control
Position
Control Value
Status Value
Protection
Overcurrent
Start/Pick-up
Operate/Trip
Common
LLN0
Name plate
Vendor etc.
Data model: Hierarchical set of objects Data model: Hierarchical set of objects
P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l

D
e
v
i
c
e

(
S
e
r
v
e
r
)
Example: Modeling of a combined Example: Modeling of a combined
Control Control- -Protection device Protection device
See IEC 61850-7-1,2,3,4
Data container with related data
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 18
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Device Example: Combisensor
Device Example: Combined Protection and Control Unit
Device Example:
Circuit Breaker
Device Example: Station Workplace
XCBR
(Circuit Breaker)
TCTR
(Current Transformer)
TVTR
(Voltage Transformer)
CSWI
(Switch Controller)
PDIS
(Distance Protection)
IHMI
(Human Machine IF)
Benefits of modeling relationships between LNs
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 19
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Example for Logical Node: Example for Logical Node: LN XCBR out of IEC 61850 LN XCBR out of IEC 61850- -7 7- -4 4
XCBR class
Attribute Name Attr. Type Explanation T MJO
LNName Shall be inherited from Logical-Node Class (see !EC 61850-7-2)
Data
Common Logical Node Information see Example for Logical Node {1)
LN shall inherit all Nandatory Data from Common Logical Node Class N
Loc SPS Local operation (local means without substation automation communication,
hardwired direct control)
N
EEHealth !NS External equipment health O
EEName DPL External equipment name plate O
OpCnt !NS Operation counter N
Controls
Pos DPC Switch position N
BlkOpn SPC Block opening N
BlkCls SPC Block closing N
ChaNotEna SPC Charger motor enabled O
Metered Values
SumSwARs BCR Sum of Switched Amperes, resetable O
Status Information
CBOpCap !NS Circuit breaker operating capability N
POWCap !NS Point On Wave switching capability O
NaxOpCap !NS Circuit breaker operating capability when fully charged O

IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 20
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Example for Common Data Class Example for Common Data Class DPC DPC
Attribute
Name
Attribute Type
ctlVal BOOLEAN
operTm TimeStamp
stVal CODED ENUM
q Quality
t TimeStamp
Control and
status
pulseConfig PulseConfig
ctlModel CtlModels
sboTimeout INT32U
sboClass SboClasses
d Visible String255
Configuration
and description
subEna BOOLEAN
subVal CODED ENUM
subQ Quality
subID Visible String64
Substitution
intermediate/off/on/bad
off/on
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 21
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
PDIS class
Attribute Name Attr. Type Explanation T MJO
LNName Shall be inherited from Logical-Node Class (see !EC 61850-7-2).
Data
Common Logical Node Information see Example for Logical Node {1)
LN shall inherit all Nandatory Data from Common Logical Node Class. N
OpCntRs !NC Resetable operation counter O
Status Information
Str ACD Start N
Op ACT Operate T N
Settings
PoRch ASG Polar Reach is the diameter of the Nho diagram O
PhStr ASG Phase Start value O
GndStr ASG Ground Start value O
DirNod !NG Directional Node O
PctRch ASG Percent Reach O
Ofs ASG Offset O
PctOfs ASG Percent Offset O
RisLod ASG Resistive reach for load area O
AngLod ASG Angle for load area O

more
Example for Logical Node: Example for Logical Node: LN PDIS out of IEC 61850 LN PDIS out of IEC 61850- -7 7- -4 4
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 22
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Common data classes (CDC) Common data classes (CDC)
Status information (7)
Measured information (9)
Controllable status (5)
Controllable analogue (1)
Status settings (2)
Analogue settings (2)
Description information (3)
Examples
SPS: Single point status
ACT: Protection activation
information
MV: Measured value
WYE: 3 Phase measured value
DPC: Double point control
SPG: single point setting
DPL: Device nameplate
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 23
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Services Services
read a value / attribute
write configuration attributes
control a device (direct operate / select before operate)
event oriented communication with reporting
local storage of time-stamped events in a log
get directory information
file transfer for e.g.
- parameter and software download
- upload from monitoring information like travel curves or history of
gas density values
Transfer of generic object oriented system events (GOOSE)
Transfer of sampled analog values (SAV)
Standardized Standardized data access data access and and transfer transfer (Services) (Services)
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 24
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
IEC 61850: Details for Communication services IEC 61850: Details for Communication services
Client Server
Communication
Sampled
Values
Data Model (Objects,Services)
Ethernet Link Layer
Ethernet Physical Layer with Priority tagging (100 Mbit/s)
Real time
Communication
IP
TCP
MMS
Stack selection according to the state-of-the-art
Communication technology
Mapping
GOOSE*
SA specific data model
evolves slowly
Communication technology
changes quickly
Splitting of SA specific
data model from
communication technology
Stack
Interface
Abstract
Communication
Services
Interface (ACSI)
ISO/OSI Stack
Hierarchical set of
Rules how information is coded for
transmission
According to state-of-the art
communication technology
Model according to state-of-the-art SA technology
* Generic Object Oriented
Substation Event
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 25
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Client-server communication and reporting
Client-server communication
using full seven layer stack
confirmed transmission layer
very reliable
relatively time consuming.
Therefore, the client-server communication is not suited for time-critical
data transmission but very well for the communication with an operator
having a response time of the order of 1 s.
The client
asks the server for information.
changes by parameter setting the behavior of the server
issues commands via the server e.g. to switchgear
configures at the server conditions which allow the server to send a
report automatically to the client (report control block)
The content of the report is defined by a data set. In contrast to master-slave
mulitiple client-server links are possible.
The server
is the source of all data for the client
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 26
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Time critical communication with GOOSE Time critical communication with GOOSE
time
Data change
GOOSE messages starts immediately with the changed
values in some short repetition intervals (T
min
), then the
interval will be increase (fast or slowly) to T
max
T
max
= 1024 ms
T
max
= 1024 ms
b
T
max
= 1024 ms
T
min
= 2 ms
time
No data change
GOOSE messages
(content defined by data set) are repeated with maximum interval T
max
T
max
= 1024 ms T
max
= 1024 ms
Problem for real-time data:
- No time for acknowledgement
- No time for repetition after loss detected
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 27
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Time critical data flow with SV (sample values) Time critical data flow with SV (sample values)
Problem for real-time data:
- No time for acknowledgement
- No time for repetition after loss detected
Benefit for samples:
Some few samples may be lost
without impact on the function to be performed
Sampled values (SV) messages are very similar to GOOSE messages:
SV messages are defined with help of data sets;
the start event is a continuous clocks pulse
The problem is the high synchronicity requested for phasors (about 1 s);
this problem has to be solved by time pulses for the time being.
An extensions for time synchronization over the bus according to IEEE 1588
is not yet included but in preparation for IEC 61850
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 28
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Substation Configuration description Language (SCL) Substation Configuration description Language (SCL)
To provide interoperability a formal description of the
Substation Automation System with all communication links is
needed
All IED capabilities have to be described formally in an
unambiguous way
All communication services applicable have to be described
formally in an unambiguous way
The relationship between the switchgear (single line) and
the data of the substation automation system have to be
described formally in an unambiguous way
Formal description of device and system structure
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 29
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
BU 1 BU 2 BU 3 BU 4
HMI GW
Topics of SCL Topics of SCL
Data model (server side) with services: IED capability description
Instantiable types of
LNs (LN Type), Data objects (DO types), Data attributes (DA types)
What inputs, e.g. GOOSE messages belong to an IED? Input section !
Data sets and control blocks for report and GOOSE messages
Access points for LAN connection
Allocation to Single line diagram
Description of Single line diagram
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 30
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
For the formal description is provided by the
Substation Configuration description Language (SCL) Substation Configuration description Language (SCL)
based on XML
defined in part 6 of the standard (IEC 61850-6)
usable for
IED Capability Description (ICD) files
System Configuration Description (SCD) file
System functional specification (SSD)
and more
The engineering information is exchangeable
between tools !!!
See IEC 61850-6
SCL: Formal description of device and system structure SCL: Formal description of device and system structure
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 31
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
System specification
description (SSD) file
System
Documentation
files
D
e
v
i
c
e

S
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
System
configurator
Single
Line
Diagram
(S/S
spec)
Feeder
Block
Diagram
(function
spec)
Device (IED)
System
Configuration
Description (SCD)
file
IED Capability De-
scription (ICD) file
Device
specific
tool
SCD file
part per
IED
SCL files
The Engineering Process with SCL The Engineering Process with SCL
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 32
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
BU 1 BU 2 BU 3 BU 4
HMI GW
Design example Design example
Ethernet
Switch
Ethernet
Ring
Bay Control and/or
Protection Unit
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 33
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
IEC 61850: What is standardized and what not ? IEC 61850: What is standardized and what not ?
Standardized
Data model with LN, DO, Attributes
Services
Configuration Language (SCL)
ICD file (requested) and other SCL based files
Not standardized
LD and high plant identification
Functions
Allocation of functions to IEDs
SA concepts and architectures
Redundancy
Tools and engineering process
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 34
Market
requirements
Scope
The standard
structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes
and objects
Hierarchical
data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Future Future
Maintenance of IEC 61850 within substations
Work started to use use IEC 61850 also outside the substation, i.e.
for wind power,
for hydro power,
for distributed energy resources (DER)
The feasibility of IEC 61850 for the link to the NCC has been
proven, a harmonization between the data model of IEC 61850
and the CIM model on Network Level is in progress
New work items to use IEC 61850 for line protection
(teleprotection) are in preparation.
The IEC TC57 WG10 takes care to the common data model
The user group UCA International promotes the standard and
tries to support all users.
The goal is a seamless communication architecture for utilities
Activities