Shahab Ahmad Khan

06 EEB 127

Reshadat Ali
Sharib Hussain

06 EEB 158
06 EEB 168

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Outline
Introduction to Microgrid. Microgrid Operating Modes.

The Need of Microgrid.

Interconnected Microgrids Power Parks. Environmental Aspects. Conventional Grid versus Microgrid. Advantages & Disadvantages of Microgrid. Future Directions on Microgrid Research. References.
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Introduction To Microgrid
What is Microgrid?
It is a small-scale power supply network that is designed

to provide power for a small community.

It enables local power generation for local loads. It comprises of various small power generating sources

that makes it highly flexible and efficient.

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Introduction To Microgrid
What is Microgrid?
It is connected to both the local generating units and the

utility grid thus preventing power outages.

Excess power can be sold to the utility grid. Size of the Microgrid may range from housing estate to

municipal regions.
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Introduction To Microgrid
Microgrid Components
Distributed Generation
Loads Immediate storage Controller Point of Common Coupling

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Typical Microgrid is shown below:

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Pomelo, Indonesia - Village microgrid

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Microgrid Operating Modes

Grid Connected Mode:
Utility grid is active. Static switch is closed All the feeders are being

supplied by utility grid.

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Microgrid Operating Modes

Island Mode:
Utility grid is not supplying power Static switch is open. Feeder A, B, C are being supplied

by Microsources.
Feeder D (not sensitive )

is dead.
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The Need Of Microgrid

Microgrid could be the answer to our energy crisis.
Transmission losses gets highly reduced. Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts

emissions without major changes to lifestyles.

Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to

critical loads
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Interconnected Microgrids
Interconnected Microgrids Power Parks
Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA. For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many

Microgrids to form a larger Microgrid network called Power Parks.

The advantages of this Microgrid structure insures

greater stability and controllability for the Power Parks.

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Environmental Aspects
Microgrid encourages the use of the renewable energy

sources.
Large land use impacts are avoided. CO2 Emissions are reduced.

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Conventional Grid vs. Microgrid

Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as compared

to Microgrid.
Large amount of energy in the form of heat is wasted in

conventional grid.
Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred to as

Microsources) are small and are located in close proximity to load.

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Advantages & Disadvantages

Microgrid Advantages
A major advantage of a Microgrid, is its ability, during a utility

grid disturbance, to separate and isolate itself from the utility seamlessly with little or no disruption to the loads within the Microgrid.
In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure by

reducing the load on the grid.

Significant environmental benefits made possible by the use

of low or zero emission generators.

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Advantages & Disadvantages

Microgrid Advantages
The use of both electricity and heat permitted by the

close proximity of the generator to the user, thereby increasing the overall energy efficiency.
Microgrid can act to mitigate the electricity costs to its

users by generating some or all of its electricity needs.

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Advantages & Disadvantages

Microgrid Disadvantages
Voltage, frequency and power quality are three main

parameters that must be considered and controlled to acceptable standards whilst the power and energy balance is maintained. requiring more space and maintenance.

Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks thus

Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.

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Advantages & Disadvantages

Microgrid Disadvantages
Microgrid protection is one of the most important challenges

facing the implementation of Microgrids.

Issues such as standby charges and net metering may pose

obstacles for Microgrid.

Interconnection standards needs to be developed to ensure

consistency. IEEE P1547, a standard proposed by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers may end up filling the void.
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Future Directions on Microgrid Research

To investigate full-scale development, field demonstration,

experimental performance evaluation of frequency and voltage control methods under various operation modes.
Transition between grid connected and islanded modes on interaction

phenomena between distribution generation and high penetration of distributed generation.

Transformation of Microgrid system today into the intelligent,

robust energy delivery system in the future by providing significant reliability and security benefits.
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References
A. A. Salam, A. Mohamed and M. A. Hannan. "TECHNICAL CHALLENGES ON MICROGRIDS" (DECEMBER 2008)
http://www.arpnjournals.com/jeas/research_papers/rp_2008/jeas_1208_146.pdf

S. Abu-Sharkha, R.J. Arnolde, J. Kohlerd, R. Lia, T. Markvarta, J.N. Rossb, K. Steemersc, P. Wilsonb, R. Yaoc. "Can microgrids make a major contribution to UK energy supply?" (September 2004)
http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11276/1/Microgrids.pdf

John Stevens. "Characterization of Microgrids in the United States", Sandia National Laboratories (January 2005)
http://www.electricdistribution.ctc.com/pdfs/RDC_Microgrid_Whitepaper_1-7-05.pdf

Robert H. Lasseter, Paolo Piagi. "Microgrid: A Conceptual Solution", University of Wisconsin-Madison (June 2004)
http://www.pserc.wisc.edu/ecow/get/publicatio/2004public/lasseterpesc04us.pdf
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References
"Integration of Distributed Energy Resources - The CERTS MicroGrid Concept", Consultant Report (October 2003)
http://www.pserc.org/cgipserc/getbig/researchdo/certsdocum0/certspubli/certsmicrogridwhitepaper.pdf

"Why the Microgrid Could Be the Answer to Our Energy Crisis"

http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/137/beyond-the-grid.html

"How a Microgrid Works"

http://science.howstuffworks.com/microgrid.htm

The Rise of MicroGrid Power Networks"

http://www.sustainablefacility.com/Articles/Feature_Article/58905d08bd629010VgnVC M100000f932a8c0____

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Thank You

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Queries?

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