Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Spring 2009
1. The European digital telephony system uses an "E-
arrier" system rather than the US T
arrier system. Find the bit rates for ea
h of the following; assume that framing & signaling
bits always have a rate of 64kb/s.
(a) An E1 signal is
onstru
ted by multiplexing 30 DS0 signals plus 2 framing and signaling
bits.
(b) An E2 signal is
onstru
ted by multiplexing 4 E1 signals plus 4 framing and signaling
bits.
(
) An E3 signal is
ontru
ted by multiplexing 4 E2 signals plus 9 framing and signaling
bits.
2. The ber-opti
able shown in Fig. 1 is to be
onstru
ted su
h that it maintains total internal
re
e
tion for all in
ident light rays with 82 . What should the ratio of refra
tion index
for the ber to refra
tion index for air be?
incident ray
air
Fiber
air
Figure 1:
Figure 2:
3. (a) In the eye diagram shown in Fig. 2, what is the bit rate of the data signal?
(b) The eye diagram shown in Fig. 2 exhibits two types of determinsti
jitter. Identify the
two types and estimate the amount of ea
h, expressed rst in ps and then in UI.