Chemistry Notes

Length
SI unit: Meter (m)

1 kilometer

= 1000. meters = 0.62137 mile

1 meter 1 centimeter 1 nanometer 1 picometer 1 inch 1 ngstrom

= 100. centimeters = 10. millimeters = 1.00 x 10-9 meters = 1.00 x 10-12 meters = 2.54 centimeters (exact) = 1.00 x 10-10 meters

Volume
SI unit: Cubic meter (m3)

1 liter (L) = 1.00 x 10-3m3 = 1000. cm3 = 1.056710 quarts 1 gallon = 4.00 quarts

Pressure
Si unit: Pascal (Pa)

1 pascal

= 1 N/m2 = 1 kg/m * s2

1 atmosphere = 101.325 kilopascals = 760. mmHg = 760 torr = 14.70 lb/in2 = 1.01325 bar 1 bar = 105 Pa (exact)

Mass
SI unit: Kilogram (kg)

1 kilogram = 1000. grams 1 gram 1 pound = 1000. milligrams = 453.59237 grams = 16 ounces 1 ton = 2000. pounds

THE METRIC STAIRCASE

| peta +15 |__ |__ | tera +12 |__ |__ | giga +9 |__ |__ The metric staircase below is a graphic way of showing how metric prefixes interact. It is the same thing as the chart above, but in a more visual representation. Each step is a multiple of ten of the lower step. For instance, 'centi' is on the next step above 'milli,' so a centimeter is ten times larger than a millimeter. Centigram is ten times larger than milligram. There are no common metric prefixes for some powers of ten such as +4,+5,-7, etc. | mega +6 |__ |__ | kilo +3 | hecto +2 | deka +1 | ROOT WORD | deci -1 | centi -2 | milli -3 |__ |__ METRIC SYSTEM DEFINITIONS | micro -6 |__ Metric system definitions are relationships |__ between units with the same rootword that, | nano -9 is, only the prefix changes. The Metric Stair|__ case is just a way to visualize the relationships |__ among the metric prefixes. We make a metric | pico -12 system definition in the following way, using the |__ units kilometer and millimeter as an example: |__ |femto-15 1.Pick the largest metric prefix. Begin the metric definition with |_ one of the larger units, e.g. 1 km = (some number of) millimeters.

2. Count the number of 'steps' down the metric staircase between the two metric prefixes. For instance, kilo- to milli- is six steps. 3. The number of the smaller unit is ten to the power of the number of steps between the metric prefixes. In our example 1 km = 106 mm. Another way to think of it is that the number of zeros of the smaller unit is the number of steps, so 1 km = 1,000,000 mm.