To 20 Cau On Tap HHKG Co Loi Giai Chi Tiet

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BI 1
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz, viet phng trnh mat phang (P) cha ng thang (d) :
x y 2 0
sao cho giao tuyen cua mat phang (P) va mat cau (S) :
2x z 6 0
x2
y2
2x 2y 2z 1 0 la ng tron co ban knh r = 1.
z2
Cau 2:
Cho lang tru ABC.A'B'C' co cac mat ben eu la hnh vuong canh a. Goi D, F lan
lt la trung iem cac canh BC, C'B'. Tnh khoang cach gia hai ng thang A'B
va B'C'.
GII
Cau 1:
Mat phang (P) cha (d) co dang: m(x y 2) + n(2x z 6) = 0
(P) : (m 2n)x my nz 2m 6n 0
Mat cau (S) co tam I(-1; 1; -1), ban knh R = 2.
(P) cat (S) theo mot ng tron giao tiep (C) co ban knh r = 1
R2
d(I; P)
r2
m 2n m n 2m 6n
2
(m 2n)
5m2 22m.n 17n2

5m 2
Cho n 1
3. 2m 2 5n 2
4m 7n
22m 17
Vay, co 2 mat phang (P):
17
5
1 hay m
(P1 ) : x y z 4
(P2 ) : 7x 17y 5z 4
Cau 2:
.
A/
Cach 1:
V cac mat ben cua lang tru la cac hnh vuong
AB BC CA A / B/ B/ C/ C/ A / a
cac tam giac ABC, A/B/C/ la cac tam giac eu.
Ta co: B/ C/ // BC B/ C/ //(A/ BC)
/
BC
A
B
(A/ BC)
1
a2
1
1
4
/ 2
2
A F FD
3a2
a 21
Vay, d(A/ B; B/ C/ ) FH
7
Trang 1
A/FD vuong co:
1
FH2
FH
C/
B/
d(A B; B C ) d(B C ; (A BC)) d(F; (A BC))

BC FD
BC (A / BC)
Ta co:
/
/
/
BC A D ( A BC can tai A )
Dng FH A/ D
V BC (A/ BC)
4m.n
7
3a2
FH
a 21
.
7

Cach 2:
V cac mat ben cua lang tru la cac hnh vuong
ABC, A/B/C/ la cac tam giac eu canh a.
Dng he truc Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0),
a a 3
a a 3
B ;
;0 ,C
;
; 0 , A / (0; 0; a),
2 2
2 2
z
a
C/
B/
a a 3
a a 3
;
; a , C/
;
;a
2 2
2 2
Ta co: B/ C/ // BC, B/ C/ // (A/ BC)
B/
d(B/ C/ ; A/ B) d(B/ C/ ; (A/ BC)) d(B/ ; (A/ BC))
a a 3
a a 3
A/ B
;
; a , A/ C
;
; a
2 2
2 2
2

3
3
3
/
/
2 a
[A B; A C]
0; a ;
a2 0; 1;
a2 .n, vi n
0; 1;
2
2
2
/
/
Phng trnh mp (A BC) qua A vi phap vect n :
3
0(x 0) 1(y 0)
(z a) 0
2
3
a 3
(A/ BC) : y
z
0
2
2
a 3
3
a 3
a 3
.a
a 21
2
2
2
2
d(B/ (A / BC))
.
7
3
7
1
4
2
a 21
Vay, d(A/ B; B/ C/ )
.
7
BI 2
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho A(0; 1; 0), B(2; 2; 2), C(-2; 3; 1) va ng thang
x 1 y 2 z 3
( ):
2
1
2
1. Tm iem M thuoc ( ) e the tch t dien MABC bang 3.
2. Tm iem N thuoc ( ) e the tch tam giac ABN nho nhat.
Cau 2: (1,0 iem)
Trang 2

Cho hnh chop S.ABC ay ABC la tam giac eu canh a. SA = SB = SC, khoang
cach t S en mat phang (ABC) la h. Tnh h theo a e hai mat phang (SAB) va
(SAC) vuong goc nhau.
GII
Cau 1:
1. Phng trnh tham so cua (D):
x 1 2t
y
2 t
z 3 2t
M ( )
M(1 2t; 2 t; 3 2t)
AB (2; 1; 2), AC ( 2; 2;1)

[AB; AC] ( 3; 6; 6)
3(1; 2; 2)
3.n , vi n (1; 2; 2)
Phng trnh mp (ABC) qua A vi phap vect n : (ABC): x + 2y 2z 2 = 0.

1
1
9
SABC
[AB; AC]
( 3)2 ( 6)2 62
.
2
2
2
ng cao MH cua t dien MABC la khoang t M en (ABC):
1 2t 2( 2 t) 2(3 2t) 2
4t 11
MH d(M(ABC))
3
1 4 4
1 9 4t 11
The tch t dien MABC bang 3
V
. .
3
3 2
3
5
17
4t 11 6
t
hay t
.
4
4
3 3 1
15 9 11
Vay, co 2 iem M can tm la: M
;
;
hay M
; ;
2 4 2
2 4 2
N(1 2t; 2 t; 3 2t)
2. N ( )
1
1
2
3 2
SABN
[NA; NB]
32t 2 128t 146
(4t 8)2 9
2
2
2
2
3 2
maxSABN
4t 8 0
t
2.
2
Vay, iem N can tm la N(-3; 0; 1).
Cau 2:
S
Cach 1:
Goi O la tam cua ABC
I
SA SB SC
Ta co:
OA OB OC ( ABC eu)
A
SO la truc cua ng tron (ABC)

SO (ABC)
Ma : AO
BC; SO
BC
BC
(SOA)
Dng BI SA , suy ra: SA (IBC) SA

la goc phang nh dien (B, SA, C).
BIC
Trang 3
BC
IC.
SA
C
O
B

SOA vuong co: SA
SO
OA
a2
3
3h2
a2
3
3h2
SA
a2
3
Goi M la trung iem BC

Ta co: BM (SOA), BI SA
IM SA (nh ly 3 ng vuong goc)
MIA SOA
a 3
3
.
2
3h2 a2
SAC (c.c.c)
IB IC
MI
SO.
SAB
(SAB)
AM
SA
(SAC)
3ah
h.
2 3h2 a2
IBC can tai I.
1
IM
BC
IBC vuong can tai I
2
3ah
1
a
3h
3h2 a2
2
2
2
2 3h a
9h2
3h2 a2
a 6
.
6
Vay, h
a 6
.
6
z
S
Cach 2:
Goi H la tam cua ABC
va M la trung iem cua BC
SA SB SC
Ta co:
HA HB HC ( ABC eu)
Dng he truc toa o Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
oi mot vuong goc A(0; 0; 0),
B
a a 3
;
;0 ,C
2 2
SA
0;

[SA; SB]
vi n1
a a 3
a 3
a 3
;
; 0 , H 0;
; 0 , S 0;
;h .
2 2
2
3
a 3
; h , SB
3
a a 3
;
;
2 6
h , SC
a a 3
;
;
2 6
a2 3
6
a
(3h 3; 3h; a 3)
6
a
.n1,
6
ah a2 3
;
2
6
a
(3h 3; 3h; a 3)
6
a
.n 2 ,
6
ah 3 ah
; ;
2
2
(3h 3; 3h; a 3)

[SA; SC]
vi n2
ah 3
;
2
(3h 3; 3h; a 3) .

Mat phang (SAB) co cap vect ch phng SA; SB nen co phap vect

Mat phang (SAC) co cap vect ch phng SA; SC nen co phap vect

(SAB) (SAC) cos(n1; n 2 ) 0
Trang 4
n1 .
n2 .
27h 2 9h 2 3a2
3h 3.3h 3 3h.3h a 3( a 3) 0
18h2
Vay: h
3a2
a 6
.
6
a 6
.
6
BI 3
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho ng thang (d) va mat cau (S):
(d) :
2x 2y z 1 0
;
x 2y 2z 4 0
(S) :x 2
y2 z2
4x 6y m
Tm m e (d) cat (S) tai hai iem M, N sao cho MN = 8.

Cau 2:
Cho t dien OABC co ay la OBC vuong tai O, OB = a, OC = a 3, (a
0) va
ng cao OA a 3 . Goi M la trung iem canh BC. Tnh khoang cach gia hai
ng thang AB va OM.
GII
Cau 1:
Mat cau (S): (x 2)2 (y 3)2
I(-2; 3; 0), ban knh R IN
MH
Dng IH MN
IH
IN2 HN2
13 m co tam
13 m , vi m < 13.
HN 4
13 m 16
y 1
z
1
;1
2
m 3 , vi m < -3.
x t
Phng trnh tham so cua ng thang (d):
(d) co vect ch phng u 1;

AI ( 2; 2; 1); [AI; u] (3; 6;
1
t
2
1 t
1
(2; 1; 2) va i qua iem A(0; 1; -1)
2
6)
Trang 5

Khoang cach h t I en ng thang (d):

[AI; u]
32 62 62
81
h
3.
u
9
22 12 22
Ta co: IH = h
m 3 3
m 3 9
Vay, gia tr can tm: m = -12.
12 (thoa ieu kien)
Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Goi N la iem oi xng cua C qua O.
Ta co: OM // BN (tnh chat ng trung bnh)
OM // (ABN)
d(OM; AB) = d(OM; (ABN)) = d(O; (ABN)).
Dng OK
Ta co: AO
BN, OH
AK (K BN; H AK)
(OBC); OK
BN
AK
BN
BN
OK; BN
AK
BN
(AOK)
BN
OH
OH
AK; OH
BN
OH
(ABN)
d(O; (ABN) OH
T cac tam giac vuong OAK; ONB co:
1
OH2
1
OA2
1
OK2
1
OA2
Vay, d(OM; AB) OH
1
OB2
1
ON2
1
3a2
1
a2
1
3a2
5
3a2
OH
z
a 15
.
5
a 3 A
Cach 2:
Dng he truc Oxyz, vi Ox, Oy, Oz

oi mot vuong goc O(0; 0; 0),
A(0; 0; a 3); B(a; 0; 0), C(0; a 3; 0),
M
a 15
5
a a 3
a 3 a 3
;
; 0 va N 0;
;
2 2
2
2
a 3
M
a
la trung iem cua AC.

MN la ng trung bnh cua ABC
AB // MN
AB // (OMN) d(AB; OM) = d(AB; (OMN)) = d(B; (OMN)).
a a 3
a 3 a 3
OM
;
; 0 , ON
0;
;
2 2
2
2

[OM; ON]
3a2 a2 3 a2 3
;
;
4
4
4
a2 3
4
3; 1; 1
a2 3
n , vi n ( 3; 1; 1)
4
Phng trnh mp (OMN) qua O vi phap vect n : 3x y z

Trang 6

Ta co: d(B; (OMN))
Vay, d(AB; OM)
3.a 0 0
3 1 1
a 3
5
a 15
5
a 15
.
5
BI 4
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho mat phang ( ) : 2x y + z 5 = 0. Viet phng trnh mat
phang (P) qua giao tuyen cua ( ) va mat phang (xOy) va (P) tao vi 3 mat phang
125
toa o mot t dien co the tch bang
.
36
Cau 2:
Cho hnh chop SABC co ay la tam giac ABC vuong can tai A, AB = AC = a
(a > 0), hnh chieu cua S tren ay trung vi trong tam G cua ABC. at SG = x
(x > 0). Xac nh gia tr cua x e goc phang nh dien (B, SA, C) bang 60o.
GII
Cau 1:
Phng trnh mat phang (xOy): z = 0
Phng trnh mat phang (P) thuoc chum xac nh bi ( ) va (xOy) co dang:
(P) : 2mx my (m n)z 5m 0
m(2x y + z 5) nz = 0
Giao iem A, B, C cua (P) va 3 truc Ox, Oy, Oz lan lt co toa o:
5
5m
A ; 0; 0 , B(0; 5; 0), C 0; 0;
2
m n
The tch t dien OABC bang
125
1
1 5
5m
125
V
.OA.OB.OC
. .5.
36
6
6 2 m n
36
m n 3m
m 1, n 2
m n 3m
m n
3m
m 1, n
4
Vay, co 2 phng trnh mat phang (P):
(P1 ) : 2x y 3z 5 0 (m 1; n
(P2 ) : 2x y 3z 5 0 (m 1; n
Cau 2:
. Cach 1:
Goi M la trung iem cua BC
AM BC ( ABC vuong can)
Ta co: SG
(ABC)
Suy ra: BC (SAM)

IM
Dng BI SA
SG
2)
4)
S
BC .
SA va IC
SA
Trang 7
la goc phang nh dien (B; SA; C).

BIC
SAB
SAC (c.c.c)
IB IC
IBC can tai I.
1
a 2
a 2
BC
; AG
2
2
3
AM
a 2
1
SG.
x.
.
AS
2
SG 2 AG 2
BC a 2; AM BM MC
AIM ~ AGS
IM
IM
60o
Ta co: BIC
Vay, x
3ax 2
2 9x2
2a2
30o
BIM
9x 2
2a2
18x 2
2a2
ax 2
2 x
2a2
9
BM
3x 3
a
.
3
IM.tg30o
a 2
2
3.3ax 2
2 9x 2
9x 2
2a2
27x 2
9x 2
a2
2a2
a
.
3
z
Cach 2:
x
BC a 2
Goi M la trung iem BC
a 2
a 2
AM
; AG
2
3
F
A
Goi E, F lan lt la hnh chieu cua G
G
tren AB, AC. T giac AEGF la hnh vuong
E
M
a
B
AG AE 2
AE AF
.
3
x
Dng he truc toa o Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0), B(a; 0; 0),
a a
a a
C(0; a; 0), G ; ; 0 , S ; ; x .
3 3
2 2
a a
2a a
a 2a
SA
; ; x , SB
;
; x , SC
; ; x
3 3
3
3
3 3

a2
a
[SA; SB]
0; ax;
a 0; x;
a.n1 , vi n1
0; x;
3
3
3

a2
a
a
[SA; SC] ( ax; 0; )

a x; 0;
a.n 2 , vi n2
.
x; 0;
3
3
3

Mat phang (SAB) co cap vect ch phng SA, SB nen co phap vect

Mat phang (SAC) co cap vect ch phng SA, SC nen co phap vect
Goc phang nh dien (B; SA; C) bang 60o.
Trang 8
C
y
n1
n2
0.x x.0
cos60o
0 x
1
2
a2
2
9x a
a
.
Vay, x
3
a a
3 3
a2 2
x
9
9x 2
a2
a2
0
9
2a2
a2
9
9x2 a2
9
9x 2
a2
a
.
3
BI 5
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz, tm tren Ox iem A cach eu ng thang
(d) :
x 1 y
1
2
z 2
va mat phang ( ) : 2x y 2z = 0.
2
Cau 2:
Cho hnh chop SABC co ay ABC la tam giac eu co canh bang 2a 2 , SA vuong
goc vi (ABC) va SA = a. Goi E, F lan lt la trung iem cua canh AB, BC. Tnh
goc va khoang cach gia hai ng thang SE va AF.
GII
Cau 1:
Goi A(a; 0; 0)
Ox .
Khoang cach t A en mat phang ( ) : d(A; )
2a
22 12
( ) qua M 0 (1; 0; 2) va co vect ch phng u (1; 2; 2)

at M0M1 u
Do o: d(A; ) la ng cao ve t A trong tam giac AM 0 M1

[AM0 ; u]
2.SAM0M1
8a2 24a 36
d(A; )
M0 M1
u
3
Theo gia thiet: d(A; ) = d(A; )
Trang 9
22
2a
3
2a
8a2 24a 36
4a2
3
3
4(a 3)2 0
a 3.
Vay, co mot iem A(3; 0; 0).
8a2 24a 36
4a2 24a 36
Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Goi M la trung iem cua BF
EM // AF
(SA;
AF) (EM;
AF) SEM
SAE vuong tai A co:
SE2 SA2 AE a2 2a2
AF
2a 2. 3
2
SA2 AB2
SE a 3
a 6
EM BM MF
SB2
3a2
V AF // ME
F
M
a 6
; BF a 2
2
a2 8a2 9a2
SB 3a
ME; AH
2
2
a 2
va AH
2
d(AF; (SME)) AH.
SK. Ta co: AK
d(SE; AF)
1
1
1
2
2
AH
SA AK2
a 3
Vay, d(SE; AF)
.
3
Cach 2:
SAK vuong co:
C
E
SF2 SA2 AF2 a2 6a2 7a2

SF a 7
Ap dung nh ly ng trung tuyen SM trong SBF co:
1 2
SB2 SF 2 2.SM 2
BF
2
1 2
15a2
9a2 7a2 2SM2
.2a
SM2
2
2
Goi la goc nhon tao bi SE va AF
Ap dung nh ly ham Cosin vao SEM co:
3a2 15a2
3a2
2
2
2
ES EM SM
2
2
cos
cosSEM
2.ES.EM
a 6
2.
.a 3
2
45o.
Dng AK
MF
1
a2
2
a2
3
a2
2
.
2
(SME)
a 3
3
AH
z
a S
C
A
Trang 10
M
B

B(a 2; a 6; 0), C( a 2; a 6; 0), S(0; 0; a),
E
a 2 a 6
;
; 0 ; F(0; a 6; 0)
2
2
va M
a 2
; a 6; 0 .
2
SE
a 2 a 6
;
; a ; AF
2
2
Goi
la goc nhon tao bi SE va AF.ta co:
cos

cos(SE; AF)
0.
(a; a 6; 0), SM
a 2
2
a 6
0( a)
2
a2 3a2
0.
a2
2
2
a 6.
0 6a2
a 2
; a 6; a
2
3a2
a 6.a 3
2
.
2
45o.

a2 6
a2 3
a2 3
a2 3
[SE; SM]
; 0;
( 2; 0; 1)
n, vi n ( 2; 0; 1)
2
2
2
2
Phng trnh mat phang (SEM) qua S vi phap vect n : 2x z a 0.

0 0 a a 2
Khoang cach t A en (SEM): d(A;SEM)
3
2 1
V AF // EM
AF //(SEM)
Vay, d(SE; AF)
d(SE; AF)
d(A; SEM)
a 3
.
3
6
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian vi he toa o vuong goc Oxyz cho mat phang (P) va mat cau (S):
(P): 2x 2y z m2 3m 0 ;
(S) : (x 1)2 (y 1)2 (z 1)2
9.
Tm m e (P) tiep xuc (S). Vi m tm c xac nh toa o tiep iem.

Cau :
Cho hnh chop S.ABC co ay ABC la tam giac vuong tai B, AB = a, BC = 2a, canh SA
vuong goc vi ay va SA = 2a. Goi M la trung iem SC. Chng minh MAB can va
tnh dien tch MAB theo a.
LI GII
Cau 1:
(P) : 2x 2y z m2 3m 0
Trang 11
(S) : (x 1)2 (y 1)2 (x 1)2

(P) tiep xuc (S)
d[I, (P)]
9 co tam I(1; -1; 1) va ban knh R = 3.

R
2.1 2.( 1) 1.1 m2 3m
22 22 12
3m 1
m2 3m 1 9
m2 3m 1
m 2
m
5
Vay, (P) tiep xuc (S) khi m = -5 hay m = 2, khi o (P): 2x + 2y + z 10 = 0

ng thang (d) qua I va vuong goc vi (P) co phng trnh:
x 1 y 1 z 1
2
2
1
x 3
2x 2y z 10 0
Toa o tiep iem la nghiem cua he:
y 1
x 1 y 1 z 1
z 2
Vay, toa o tiep iem M(3; 1; 2).
Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Ta co: SA
(ABC)
SA
AC.
Do o SAC vuong tai A co AM la

1
SC.
trung tuyen nen MA
2
SA (ABC)
Ta lai co:
AB BC ( ABC vuong tai B)
SB
A
K
B
BC (nh ly 3 ng vuong goc)
Do o SBC vuong tai B co BM la trung tuyen nen MB

Suy ra: MA = MB
MAB can tai M.
Dng MH // SA va HK // BC (H AC; K
v:
SA
BC
(ABC)
AB
MHK vuong tai H co: MK2

Dien tch MAB: SMAB
1
SA a
2
1
BC a
2
HK
MH2 HK2
1
.MK.AB
2
Cach 2:
ABC vuong tai B co:
AC2 AB2 BC2 a2 4a2
AB)
MH
MH (ABC)
HK AB
1
SC.
2
a2 a2
1
.a 2.a
2
2a2
MK a 2
a2 2
2
z
5a
2a
AC a 5
Trang 12

Dng BH
AC (H AC), ta co:
AB2
a2
a
AH
AC a 5
5
1
1
1
5
2
2
2
BH
AB BC
4a2
2a
BH
5
Dng he truc toa vuong goc Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az oi mot vuong goc va
2a a
A(0; 0; 0), C(0; a 5; 0), S(0; 0; 2a), B
;
; 0
5 5
Toa o trung iem M cua SC la M 0;
Ta co: MA
MB
0;
a 5
;a
2
a 5
3a
;a
MA
2
2
2a 3a
3a
;
; a
MB
.
2
5 2 5
suy ra: MA = MB

Ta co: [MA; MB]
Dien tch MAB: SMAB
MAB can tai M.

a2
;
5
2a2 2
;a
5
1
[MA; MB]
2

[MA; MB]
1 2
.a 2
2
a2 2
a2 2
.
2
BI 7
Cau 1:
Cho hnh chop eu S.ABC, ay ABC co canh bang a, mat ben tao vi ay mot goc
bang (0o
90o ) . Tnh the tch khoi hnh chop S.ABC va khoang cach t nh
A en mat phang (SBC).
Cau 2:
. Trong khong gian oxyz cho hai ng thang:
x 2t
x y 3 0
(d1) : y t ;
(d2) :
4x 4y 3z 12 0
z 4
Chng minh (d1) va (d2) cheo nhau. Viet phng trnh mat cau (S) co ng knh
la oan vuong goc chung cua (d1) va (d2).
GII
Cau 1:
Cach 1:
Trang 13

Goi H la trung iem cua BC.
Do S.ABC eu va ABC eu nen
chan ng cao nh S trung vi
giao iem ba ng cao la trc tam O
cua ABC va co SBC can tai S.
suy ra: BC SH, BC AH, nen SHA

Ta co: OH
1
AH
3
a 3
.
6
SHO vuong goc: SO HO.tg
a 3
tg va SH
6
HO
cos
a 3
6.cos
1
1 a 3
a2 3
.SO.SABC
.
tg .
3
3 6
4
2
1
a 3
.SH.BC
2
12.cos
a3tg
24
The tch hnh chop S.ABC: V

Dien tch SBC: SSBC
Goi h la khoang cach t A en (SBC), ta co:
1
.h.SSBC
3
3.V
SSBC
3.
a3tg
a2 3
:
24 12 cos
Cach 2:
V S.ABC la hnh chop eu
nen chan ng cao nh S trung
vi tam O ng tron (ABC).
Goi M la trung iem cua BC. Ta co:
-
AO
AM
a 3
sin
2
z
S
2
AM
3
a 3
a 3
va OM
3
6
BC, SM BC
SMA
C
A
O
SOM vuong co:

B
a 3
x
SO OM.tg
tg
6
Dng he truc toa o Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0),
a a 3
a a 3
a 3
a 3
a 3 a 3
B ;
; 0 ,C
;
; 0 ,M 0;
; 0 , O 0;
; 0 , S 0;
;
tg
2 2
2 2
2
3
3
6
The tch hnh chop: V
Ta co: BS

[BS; BC]
a
;
2
0;
1
.SO.SABC
3
a 3 a 3
;
tg
6
6
a2 3
tg ;
6
a2 3
6
a3tg
24
, BC ( a; 0; 0)
Phng trnh mat phang (SBC) qua B vi vect phap tuyen n :
Trang 14

O x
a
2
a2 3
tg
6
a 3
2
a2 3
(z 0)
6
a 3
tg
0.
2
Khoang cach d t A en (SBC):
(SBC) : tg y z
tg .O O
d
tg2
a 3
tg
2
1
a 3
tg
2
1
cos
a 3
sin .
2
Cau 2:
(d1) i qua iem A(0; 0; 4) va co vect ch phng u1
(2; 1; 0)
(d2) i qua iem B(3; 0; 0) va co vect ch phng u2 (3; 3; 0)
AB (3; 0; 4)

AB.[u1; u2 ] 36 0 AB, u1, u2 khong ong phang.
Vay, (d1) va (d2) cheo nhau.
x 3 t/
(d2) co phng trnh tham so:
y
t/
z 0
Goi MN la ng vuong goc chung cua (d1) va (d2)

M (d1 )
M(2t; t; 4) , N (d2 )
N(3 t / ; t / ; 0)
MN (3 t / 2t; t / t; 4)

MN u1
2(3 t / 2) (t / t) 0
t/
1
Ta co:
t 1
3 t / 2t (t / t) 0
MN u2
BI 8
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz co 2 mat phang (P): 3x + 12y 3z 5 = 0,
(Q): 3x 4y + 9z + 7 = 0 va 2 ng thang:
Trang 15
N(2; 1; 0)
1
MN 2.
2
(z 2)2 4.
Toa o trung iem I cua MN: I(2; 1; 2), ban knh R

Vay, phng trnh mat cau (S): (x 2)2 (y 1)2
M(2; 1; 4)

(d1):
x 5 y 3 z 1
;
2
4
3
(d 2 ) :
x 3 y 1 z 2
2
3
4
Viet phng trnh ng thang ( ) song song vi hai mat phang (P) va (Q),
va cat hai ng thang (d1) va (d2).
Cau 2:
Cho hnh lap phng ABCD . A'B'C'D' canh a. M, N lan lt la trung iem cua AB
va C'D'. Tnh khoang cach t B' en (A'MCN).
GII
Cau 1:
(P) co phap vect nP
/
/
(3; 12; 3) 3(1; 4; 1) 3n P , vi n P
(Q) co phap vect nQ (3; 4; 9)
(d1) co vect ch phng u1 (2; 4; 3)
(d2) co vect ch phng u2 ( 2; 3; 4)

(
(P)
nq Q
np
(Q)
(d1 ) (P ), (d 2 )

u u /
P/
(P / )//(P), (Q / )//(Q)
Goi:
(1; 4; 1)
Q/
u1
(Q )
A
d1
u2
B
d2
Suy ra ( ) la giao tuyen cua hai mat phang (P )

va (Q/), va ( ) // ( /).
/
/
( ) co vect ch phng u [nP ; nQ ] (32; 12; 16) 4(8; 3; 4) 4u ,
/
vi u (8; 3; 4).
/
mp (P/) co cap vect ch phng u1 va u nen co phap vect:
/
n P/ [u1; u ] (25; 32; 26)
Phng trnh mp (P/) cha (d1) i qua iem A(-5; 3; -1) (d1 ) vi n P/ la:
25(x + 5) + 32(y 3) + 26(z + 1) = 0
(P ) : 25x 32y 26z 55 0
/
mp (Q/) co cap vect ch phng u 2 va u nen co phap vect:
/
nQ/ [u2 ; u ] (0; 24; 18)
/
Phng trnh mp (Q/) cha (d2) i qua iem B(3; -1; 2)

0(x 3) 24(y 1) 18(z 2) 0
/
(Q ) : 4y 3x 10 0
Ta co: ( ) (P/ )
(d 2 ) vi n Q/ la:
(Q/ ).
Vay, phng trnh ng thang ( ) :
25x 32y 26z 55 0

4y 3z 10
Trang 16

Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Bon tam giac vuong AA/ M, BCM, CC/ N, A/ D/ N bang nhau (c.g.c)
/
A M MC CN NA
A/ MCN la hnh thoi.
D/
A/
C/
N
B/
Hai hnh chop B/A/MCN va B/.A/NC co chung

ng cao ve t nh B/ va SA/ MCN
nen: VB/ .A/ MCN
Ma: VB/ .ANC
SA/ MCN
2.VB/ .A/ NC.

VC.A/ B/ N
Ta co: SA / MCN
2.SA/ NC
A
1
.CC/ .SA/ B/ N
3
a3
6
1 1
.a. .a.a
3 2
VB/ .A/ MCN
1 /
.A C.MN, vi A/ C a 3; MN BC/
2
BH
a3
.
3
a 2
a2 6
.
2
Goi H la hnh chieu cua B/ tren (A/MCN), ta co: VB/ .A / MCN

/
3.VB/ .A/ MCN
a3 a2 6
3. :
3
2
SA/ MCN
1 /
.B H.SA / MCN
3
a 6
.
3
Cach 2:
Chon he truc Dxyz, vi Dx, Dy, Dz
oi mot vuong goc,
A(a; 0; 0), B(a; a; 0), C(0; a; 0),
D(0; 0; 0), A/(a; 0; a),
B/(a; a; a), C/(0; a; a), D/(0; 0; a),
a
a
M a; ; 0 , N 0; ; a
2
2
Ta co: A / C ( a; a; a), MN ( a; 0; a)

[A / C; MN] (a2 ; 2a2 ; a2 ) a2 (1; 2; 1)
a2 .n vi n (1; 2; 1).
/
a D
A
x
Khoang cach d t B/(a; a; a) en mp(A/MCN):
1 4 1
Trang 17
C
a y
(A/ MCN) : x 2y z 2a 0.
a 2a a 2a
C/
A/
Phng trnh mp (A/MCN) qua C(0; a; 0) vi phap vect n :

1(x 0) 2(y a) 1(z 0) 0
2a
6
a 6
.
3
C
B
9
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho 2 ng thang:
x t
x t'
(d1) : y 4 t ;
va (d2) : y 3t ' 6
6 2t
t' 1
Goi K la hnh chieu vuong goc cua iem I(1; -1; 1) tren (d2). Tm phng trnh
tham so cua ng thang qua K vuong goc vi (d1) va cat (d1).
Cau 2:
1. Tnh the tch cua hnh chop S.ABC, biet ay ABC la mot tam giac eu canh a,
mat ben (SAB) vuong goc vi ay, hai mat ben con lai cung tao vi ay goc .
GII
Cau 1:
IK (t / 1; 3t / 5; t / 2)
18
18 12 7
t / 1 9t / 15 t / 2 0
t/
K
;
;
11
11 11 11
Gia s ( ) cat (d1) tai H(t; 4 t; 6 2t), (H (d1 ))
18
56
59
HK
t;
t;
2t
11
11
11

18
56
118
26
HK u1
t
t
4t 0
t
11
11
11
11
30
7
1
HK
4;
;
(44; 30; 7).
11 11 11
18
x
44
11
12
Vay, phng trnh tham so cua ng thang ( ): y
30 .
11
7
z
7
11
K (d2 )

IK u2
Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Dng SH
K(t / ; 3t /
6; t / 1)
AB
Trang 18

Ta co:
(SAB)
SH
(ABC), (SAB)
(SAB)
(ABC) va SH la ng cao cua hnh chop.
Dng HN
SN
(ABC) AB, SH
BC, HP
BC, SP
SHN = SHP
AC
SNH
AC SPH
HN = HP.
AHP vuong co: HP

SHP vuong co: SH
HA.sin60o
HP.tg
The tch hnh chop S.ABC : V

Cach 2:
Dng SH AB
Ta co: (SAB) (ABC), (SAB)
a 3
.
4
a 3
tg
4
1
.SH.SABC
3
1 a 3
a2 3
.
.tg .
3 4
4
(ABC) B, SH
V (SAC) va (SBC) cung tao vi (ABC) mot goc

H la trung iem AB.
Dng he truc toa o Hxyz, vi Hx, Hy, Hz
oi mot vuong goc, H(0; 0; 0),
a
a
A ; 0; 0 ; B
; 0; 0 ,
2
2
C 0;
a 3
; 0 , S(0; 0; h), (h
2
(SAB)
SH
z
h S
A
x
Trang 19
Phng trnh mp (ABC):
z = 0, vi phap vect n1 (0; 0;1)
(SAC) : 2h 3x 2hy a 3z ah 3 0
(SAC) tao vi (ABC) mot goc :
0 0 a 3
cos
0 0 1. 12h2 4h2
1
16h 2 3a2
2
1
tg
cos2
3a2
3a2 tg2
a 3
2
h
h
tg
16
4
1
The tch hnh chop S.ABC: V
.h.SABC
3
(ABC)
va ABC eu, nen suy ra
0).
Phng trnh mp (SAC):

x
y
z
1
a a 3 h
a3
tg
16
vi n2
a 3
2
a
2
(2h 3; 2h; a 3)
a 3
3a2
16h 2 3a2
1 a 3
a2 3
.
tg .
3 4
4
a3
tg .
16
10
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho 2 ng thang:
x 3 y 1 z 1
x 7 y 3 z 9
; ( 2 ):
( 1) :
7
2
3
1
2
1
1. Lap phng trnh chnh tac cua ng thang ( 3) oi xng vi ( 2) qua ( 1).
2. Xet mat phang ( : x + y + z + 3 = 0. Viet phng trnh hnh chieu cua ( 2) theo
phng ( 1) len mat phang ( ).

3. Tm iem M tren mat phang ( ) e MM1 MM 2 at gia tr nho nhat biet M1(3; 1;
1) va M2(7; 3; 9).
Cau 2:
Cho lang tru ng ABC.A'B'C' co ay ABC la tam giac can vi AB = AC = a, goc
120 o , canh ben BB' = a. Goi I la trung iem CC'. Chng minh AB'I vuong
BAC
tai A va tnh cosin cua goc gia hai mat phang (ABC) va (AB'I).
GII
Cau 1:
x 3 7t1
1.
( 1 ) : y 1 2t1 co vect ch phng u1
( 7; 2; 3)
z 1 3t1
x
(
7 7t 2
3 2t 2
2) : y
z 9 t2
qua A (7; 3; 9), B(8; 5; 8) va
co vect ch phng u2 (1; 2; 1)
Goi H la hnh chieu cua A tren ( 1)

H ( 1)
H(3 7t1; 1 2t1; 1 3t1 )
AH ( 4 7t1; 2 2t1; 8 3t1 )

AH u1
7( 4 7t1 ) 2( 2 2t1 ) 3( 8 3t1 ) 0
t1 0
H(3; 1; 1)
B
A
u1
H
A/
B/
Goi A/ la iem oi xng cua A qua H

A/(-1; -1; -7)
Goi K la hnh chieu cua B tren ( 1) va B/ la iem oi xng cua B qua K.
Tng t nh tren ta tm c:
114 25 22
20 105 204
K
; ;
B/
;
;
31 31 31
31
31
31
11 74 13
1
1
A/ B/
;
;
(11; 74; 13)
.a vi a (11; 74; 13)
31 31 31
31
31
Phng trnh ng thang ( 3) oi xng vi ( 2) qua ( 1) chnh la phng trnh
ng thang A / B/ qua A/ vi vect ch phng a .

Trang 20

Vay, phng trnh chnh tac ( 3):
x 1
11
y 1
74
z 7
.
13
2. Mat phang ( ) cha ( 2) va ( ) // ( 1)
( ) co cap vect ch phng u1 ( 7; 2; 3), u2 (1, 2, 1)

[u1; u2 ] ( 8; 4; 16)
4(2; 1; 4)
4n , vi n (2; 1; 4)
Phng trnh mp ( ) qua A(7; 3; 9) ( 2 ) vi phap tuyen n :

( ) : 2x y 4z 53 0
Ta co: ( )
( ) (
/
2
) la hnh chieu cua ( 2) len ( ) theo phng ( 1).

x y z 3 0
Vay, phng trnh hnh chieu ( 2/ ) :
2x y 4z 53 0
(
I(5; 2; 5)
3. Goi I la trung iem M1M2

I
2MI
Ta co: MM1 MM2

M1
MM1 MM2 nho nhat
2MI nho nhat
M la hnh chieu cua I tren ( )
Phng trnh ng thang ( ) qua I
va vuong goc vi ( ) la:
x 5 t
2 t
5 t
M0
Goi M la giao iem cua ( ) va ( )

M ( )
M(5 t; 2 t; 5 t)
M ( )
5 t 2 t 5 t 3 0
)
M2
M(0; 3; 0)
Vay, iem M can tm: M(0; -3; 0).

Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Goi H la trung iem BC
AH
BC.
AH
ABH la na tam giac eu canh AB = a
a 3
BC a 3
2
IB/ C/ vuong co:
a2
IB/ 2 IC/ 2 B/ C/ 2
3a2
4
a
va
2
BH
AIC
vuong co: AI
IC
13a2
4
2
AC
B/
a2
4
/2
Trang 21
A/
5a2
4
5a2
13a2
2
Ta co: AI AB
2a
IB/ 2
4
4
(AB/ la ng cheo cua hnh vuong AA/B/B canh a)
Vay, AB/I vuong tai A.
2
C/
H
30o
I
C
1
1 a 5
a2 10
.AI.AB/
.
.a 2
2
2 2
4
2
1
1 a
a 3
SABC
.AH.BC
. .a 3
2
2 2
4
la goc gia hai mat phang (ABC) va (AB/I), theo cong thc chieu, ta co:
SABC a2 3 a2 10
30
:
SAB/ I
4
4
10
Ta co: SAB/ I
Goi
cos
Cach 2:
Goi H la trung iem BC
AH BC
ABH la na tam giac eu canh AB = a
a
a 3
va BH
BC a 3
2
2
a 3 a
; ;0 , C
2 2
/
AB
a 3 a
; ; a , AI
2 2
/
Ta co: AB .AI
/
AB
*
*
a 3 a
; ;a ,I
2 2
a 3
.
2
AI.
B/
60o
a 3 a a
; ;
2 2 2
a 3 a a
; ;
2 2 2
a 3
2
a a
a
.
a.
2 2
2
3a2
4
a2
4
2a2
4
Vay, AB/I vuong tai A.
Phng trnh mp(ABC): z = 0 co phap vect n1 (0; 0; 1)

/
mp (AB/I) co cap vect ch phng AB , AI , nen co phap vect:
/
[AB ; AI]
vi n2
Goi
a2
;
4
3a2 3 2a2 3
;
4
4
a2
(1; 3 3; 2 3)
4
a2
.n 2
4
(1; 3 3; 2 3) .
la goc gia (ABC) va (AB/I), ta co:
0 0 2 3
cos
0 0 1. 1 27 12
Trang 22
I
C
a 3 a
; ; 0 , A / (0; 0; a),
2 2
a 3 a
; ; a , C/
2 2
B/
A/
AH
C/
2 3
40
30
.
10

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To 20 Cau On Tap HHKG Co Loi Giai Chi Tiet

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2x 2y 2z 1 0 la ng tron co ban knh r = 1.

5m2 22m.n 17n2

Vay, co 2 mat phang (P):

d(A B; B C ) d(B C ; (A BC)) d(F; (A BC))

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d(B/ C/ ; A/ B) d(B/ C/ ; (A/ BC)) d(B/ ; (A/ BC))

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AB (2; 1; 2), AC ( 2; 2;1)

Phng trnh mp (ABC) qua A vi phap vect n : (ABC): x + 2y 2z 2 = 0.

SO la truc cua ng tron (ABC)

Dng BI SA , suy ra: SA (IBC) SA

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Goi M la trung iem BC

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Tm m e (d) cat (S) tai hai iem M, N sao cho MN = 8.

Phng trnh tham so cua ng thang (d):

(d) co vect ch phng u 1;

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12 (thoa ieu kien)

T cac tam giac vuong OAK; ONB co:

Vay, d(OM; AB) OH

Dng he truc Oxyz, vi Ox, Oy, Oz

la trung iem cua AC.

AB // (OMN) d(AB; OM) = d(AB; (OMN)) = d(B; (OMN)).

Phng trnh mp (OMN) qua O vi phap vect n : 3x y z

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Suy ra: BC (SAM)

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la goc phang nh dien (B; SA; C).

IBC can tai I.

[SA; SC] ( ax; 0; )

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Khoang cach t A en mat phang ( ) : d(A; )

( ) qua M 0 (1; 0; 2) va co vect ch phng u (1; 2; 2)

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SF2 SA2 AF2 a2 6a2 7a2

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la goc nhon tao bi SE va AF.ta co:

Phng trnh mat phang (SEM) qua S vi phap vect n : 2x z a 0.

Vay, d(SE; AF)

(S) : (x 1)2 (y 1)2 (z 1)2

Tm m e (P) tiep xuc (S). Vi m tm c xac nh toa o tiep iem.

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(S) : (x 1)2 (y 1)2 (x 1)2

9 co tam I(1; -1; 1) va ban knh R = 3.

2.1 2.( 1) 1.1 m2 3m

Vay, (P) tiep xuc (S) khi m = -5 hay m = 2, khi o (P): 2x + 2y + z 10 = 0

Vay, toa o tiep iem M(3; 1; 2).

Do o SAC vuong tai A co AM la

BC (nh ly 3 ng vuong goc)

Do o SBC vuong tai B co BM la trung tuyen nen MB

MHK vuong tai H co: MK2

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MAB can tai M.

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suy ra: BC SH, BC AH, nen SHA

SHO vuong goc: SO HO.tg

The tch hnh chop S.ABC: V

Goi h la khoang cach t A en (SBC), ta co:

SOM vuong co:

Phng trnh mat phang (SBC) qua B vi vect phap tuyen n :

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