-

1
1.2
1. ;
,
.
() .
2. ;

,
.
3. ;
,
.
,

.
4. ;
;

,
.
, 0
.
5. ;
.
6. ;
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1.3
7. ;
,
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.

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:
1

8. ;
;

.
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.
9. ;
.
10. ;
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.
.
1.5
11. ;

.
12. .

( + ) = 2 + 2 + 2
2
( ) = 2 2 + 2
3
( + ) = 3 + 3 2 + 3 2 + 3
3
( ) = 3 3 2 + 3 2 3
2

( + )

2 2 = ( + )( )

3 + 3 = ( + ) ( 2 + 2 )
3 3 = ( ) ( 2 + + 2 )

13. .
= ( + )( + ) =
( + )( ) = 2 + 2 =

=2 2

= 2 + + + 2 = 2 + 2 + 2

( )

= ( )( ) =
= 2 + 2 = 2 2 + 2

( + ) ( 2 + 2 ) =
= 3 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 3 =
=3 + 3

( + )

= ( + )( + ) =
2

= ( + ) ( 2 + 2 + 2 ) =
= 3 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 3 =

( ) ( 2 + + 2 ) =
= 3 + 2 + 2 2 2 3 =
=3 3

= 3 + 3 2 + 3 2 + 3

( )

= ( )( )

= ( ) ( 2 2 + 2 ) =
= 3 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 3 =
= 3 + 3 2 + 3 2 + 3
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2

1.6
14. ;

.
15. ;
-
- ( )
-
- x 2 + ( + ) x +
1.7
16. .
( x) = ( x) ( x) + ( x)

( x ) =

( x ) =
( x ) =
( x ) =
1.8 .. ...
17. ... ... ;
(...)


.
(...)


.
1.9
18. ;
,
.
1.1
. 1.4 1.10

.

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:
3

2 -
2.1 x + = 0
19. 1 ; 1 ;
1
1. 1
, .
20. x + = 0 .
0 x + = 0 x =
= 0 x + = 0 0x =
- 0 ( )
- = 0 ( )

2.2
21. 2 ;
2
2.
22. x 2 + x + = 0 0 .
x 2 + x + = 0 0
-

> 0 x1,2 =

= 0 x =

.
2

.
2

- < 0 ( )
, = 2 4
23. x 2 + x + 0 ;
1 , 2 x 2 + x + = 0 0 ,

x2 + x +

2
x + x + = ( x 1 )( x 2 )

2.4
24. ;

.
2.5
25. .
- > + > + >
-

> > 0 >

>

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:
4

<

> < 0 <

> > + > +

> > >
, , , > >
>
2 0

2.3 .

3
3.1
26. x + y = ;
x + y = ( x, y )
.
27. ;
,
.
, .
28. y = k ;
y = k k 0
xx yy ( 0, k ) , y = 0
xx.
29. x = k ;
x = k k 0
yy xx ( k , 0 ) , x = 0
yy.
30. x, y ;
x, y
x + y = 0 0 .
3.2
31. x, y (2x2)
;
2x2
( x, y ) . 2x2
( x, y ) .

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5

32. 2x2 , ;
2x2 ( x, y )
.
( ).
2x2 .
().
2x2 .
( ).
3.3 .

4
4.1 y = x 2 0
33. y = x 2 0 ;
y = x 2 0
. O ( 0, 0 ) (
) yy.

- > 0 xx
y = 0 x = 0 .
- < 0 xx
y = 0 x = 0 .
y = x 2
xx . ,
.
4.2 y = x 2 + x + 0
34. ;
y = x 2 + x + 0
35. y = x 2 + x + 0 ;
y = x 2 + x + 0


2

,
, = 4

2
4

x =
-

.
2

> 0 y = x 2 + x + y =
x =

.
2

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6

< 0 y = x 2 + x + y =
x=

.
2

5
5.1
36. ;

.
.
37. ;
(, , , ,).
, ,
.
:
- ,
= {2, 0, 4} = { , , , , }
-

= { } = { x , x }

Venn

38. ;
;
.
,
.
.
39. , , .

.
, .

.
, .

.
= = .

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7

5.2 -
40. ;

.
41. , ;

.

, .

, .
42. ;
= .
5.3
43. ;
, ,
( )
( ) =
.
=
( )
44. .
0 ( ) 1 .
( ) + ( ) = 1 .
, ( ) + ( ) = ( ) + ( ) .

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:
8

1
1.1
1. ;
(
), ( ) (
).
(
), ( ) (
).
2. , , ;

.

,
.

.
3. .
1 ( )

, .
2 ( )

, .
3 ( )
, .
4. .
,
.

, .
5. .

- .
- ,
.
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:
9

6. ;

.
.
7. ;
.

.
1.2
8. ;

, =

= .
, .
9. .
-

= =




= =
=




+
= = =

+

10. :
,
.

,
.

.


1.3
11. .
,

.
. 1 / / 2 / / 3
=
=

1
2
3
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10

1.5
12. ;

, .
13. ;
,
, .

.
14. ;
, .
1.6
15. ;

.
1.4 .

2
2.1 0 v 180
16. ;
y

=
=


x
= = x 2 + y 2 ( x, y )
=

y
=
=
x
17. .
30
45
60
90
0

180

1
2

2
2

3
2

3
2

2
2

1
2

-1

3
3

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11

2.2
18.
180 ;
180
- (180 ) =
- (180 ) =
-

(180 ) =

2.3
19. .
y
x
=
= .

:
- 2 + 2 = 1
= x 2 + y 2 2 = x 2 + y 2 . 2
:
2

x y
2 x2 y 2
y
= 2 + 2 1 = + =
2

2
2
+ = 1

y y
= =
= =
x x x

2.4
20. .

.

=
=

21. .

,
.
2 = 2 + 2 2

2
2
2
= + 2

2
2
2
= + 2

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12