Chun Wifi 802.11n chnh thc c ph chun sau 7 nm.

Sau 7 nm pht trin th hm nay IEEE chnh thc chp thun chun wifi 802.11n . Chun n chnh thc s thay th cho bn draft n m chng ta s dng t nm 2006 n nay, iu ny cng ng ngha vi tt c cc thit b h tr 802.11n c nhn chng ch ny s phi hot ng hon ton tt vi nhau.

T gi bn s thy logo ny

ch khng phi logo ny na. 802.11n bt u pht trin t nm 2002 nhng b chm tr do 2 i th cnh tranh Broadcom v Atheros s dng cc cng ngh khc nhau v c 2 u t chi ngi li vi nhau tm hng i chung cho vn ny. Ngay sau khi vic ny c gii quyt, IEEE ng s cp mt chng ch cng nhn cc thit b t chun Draft N 2.0 vo thng 3-2007 vi li ha s c nng cp ln bn chnh thc khi n ra i. C ngha l s khng c mt s thay i no ln gia 802.11n

Draft 2.0 vi 802.11n chnh thc v bn hon ton c th yn tm s dng cc thit b hin nay ca mnh. Wifi chun n c xy dng da trn cc chun c bng cch thm vo nhng cng ngh mi gip cho vic truyn ti d liu v m rng v ph sng. Trong ni bt l cng ngh MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Out), d liu ra vo b pht khng cn dng 1 knh nh cc chun c m dng nhiu knh. iu ny khng ch gip cho tng tc trao i d liu m cn hn ch ti ta s tc nghn bng thng. Cng vi mt s cng ngh khc c thm vo th trong iu kin l tng wifi n c th t mc 600 Mbit/giy so vi 54 Mbit/giy v vng nhn/pht sng ln n 70/250m so vi 38/140m hin ti. Ngun: Electronista

Cc chun mng Wi-Fi

Trong lc Hip hi Wi-Fi (Wi-Fi Alliance), cc t chc v cc nh sn xut ang cng bn tho cho ra i cc c t k thut cui cng cho chun 802.11n y ha hn, chng ta cng nhn li qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca cc chun Wi-Fi.

Cc chun mng Wi-Fi Trong lc Hip hi Wi-Fi (Wi-Fi Alliance), cc t chc v cc nh sn xut ang cng bn tho cho ra i cc c t k thut cui cng cho chun 802.11n y ha hn, chng ta cng nhn li qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca cc chun Wi-Fi. Hiu r cc c im ca tng chun, chng ta s c ci nhn r rng hn, chn la cho mnh mt sn phm "ng " hn, ph hp hn vi nhu cu s dng v ti tin. Sau y l cc chun Wi-Fi thi "khai sinh" n nay. 802.11 Nm 1997, Vin k s in v in t (IEEE- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) a ra chun mng ni b khng dy (WLAN) u tin c gi l 802.11 theo tn ca nhm gim st s pht trin ca chun ny. Lc ny, 802.11 s dng tn s 2,4GHz v dng k thut tri ph trc tip (Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum-DSSS) nhng ch h tr bng thng ti a l 2Mbps tc kh chm cho hu ht cc ng dng. V l do , cc sn phm chun khng dy ny khng cn c sn xut na. 802.11b T thng 6 nm 1999, IEEE bt u m rng chun 802.11 ban u v to ra cc c t k thut cho 802.11b. Chun 802.11b h tr tc ln n 11Mbps, ngang vi tc Ethernet thi by gi. y l chun WLAN u tin c chp nhn trn th trng, s dng tn s 2,4 GHz. Chun 802.11b s dng k thut iu ch kha m b (Complementary Code Keying - CCK) v dng k thut tri ph trc tip ging nh chun 802.11 nguyn bn. Vi li th v tn s (bng

tn nghip d ISM 2,4GHz), cc hng sn xut s dng tn s ny gim chi ph sn xut. Nhng khi y, tnh trng "ln xn" li xy ra, 802.11b c th b nhiu do l vi sng, in thoi m bng con v cc dng c khc cng s dng tn s 2,4GHz. Tuy nhin, bng cch lp t 802.11b khong cch hp l s d dng trnh c nhiu. u im ca 802.11b l gi thp, tm ph sng tt v khng d b che khut. Nhc im ca 802.11b l tc thp; c th b nhiu bi cc thit b gia dng. 802.11a Song hnh vi 802.11b, IEEE tip tc a ra chun m rng th hai cng da vo 802.11 u tin - 802.11a. Chun 802.11a s dng tn s 5GHz, tc 54Mbps trnh c can nhiu t cc thit b dn dng. ng thi, chun 802.11a cng s dng k thut tri ph khc vi chun 802.11b - k thut tri ph theo phng php a phn chia tn s trc giao (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-OFDM). y c coi l k thut tri hn so vi tri ph trc tip (DSSS). Do chi ph cao hn, 802.11a thng ch c s dng trong cc mng doanh nghip, ngc li, 802.11b thch hp hn cho nhu cu gia nh. Tuy nhin, do tn s cao hn tn s ca chun 802.11b nn tn hin ca 802.11a gp nhiu kh khn hn khi xuyn tng v cc vt cn khc. Do 802.11a v 802.11b s dng tn s khc nhau, hai cng ngh ny khng tng thch vi nhau. Mt vi hng sn xut bt u cho ra i sn phm "lai" 802.11a/b, nhng cc sn phm ny ch n thun l cung cp 2 chun sng Wi-Fi cng lc (my trm dng chun no th kt ni theo chun ). u im ca 802.11a l tc nhanh; trnh xuyn nhiu bi cc thit b khc. Nhc im ca 802.11a l gi thnh cao; tm ph sng ngn hn v d b che khut. 802.11g Nm 2002 v 2003, cc sn phm WLAN h tr chun mi hn c gi l 802.11g ni ln trn th trng; chun ny c gng kt hp tt nht 802.11a v 802.11b. 802.11g h tr bng thng 54Mbps v s dng tn s 2,4GHz cho phm vi ph sng ln hn. 802.11g tng thch ngc vi 802.11b, ngha l cc im truy cp (access point AP) 802.11g s lm vic vi card mng Wi-Fi chun 802.11b... Thng 7/2003, IEEE ph chun 802.11g. Chun ny cng s dng phng thc iu ch OFDM tng t 802.11a nhng li dng tn s 2,4GHz ging vi chun 802.11b. iu th v l chun ny vn t tc 54Mbps v c kh nng tng thch ngc vi chun 802.11b ang ph bin. u im ca 802.11g l tc nhanh, tm ph sng tt v khng d b che khut. Nhc im ca 802.11g l gi cao hn 802.11b; c th b nhiu bi cc thit b gia dng. 802.11n Chun Wi-Fi mi nht trong danh mc Wi-Fi l 802.11n. 802.11n c thit k ci thin tnh

nng ca 802.11g v tng bng thng c h tr bng cch tn dng nhiu tn hiu khng dy v anten (gi l cng ngh MIMO-multiple-input and multiple-output). Khi chun ny hon thnh, 802.11n s h tr tc ln n 100Mbps. 802.11n cng cho tm ph sng tt hn cc chun Wi-Fi trc nh tng cng tn hiu. Cc thit b 802.11n s tng thch ngc vi 802.11g. u im ca 802.11n l tc nhanh nht, vng ph sng tt nht; tr khng ln hn chng nhiu t cc tc ng ca mi trng. Nhc im ca 802.11n l cha c ph chun cui cng; gi cao hn 802.11g; s dng nhiu lung tn hiu c th gy nhiu vi cc thit b 802.11b/g k cn.
Cc c im k thut ca IEEE 802.11 802.11a Thng 7/1999 802.11b 802.11g 802.11n

Nm ph chun

Thng 7/1999 Thng 6/2003

Cha

Tc ti a

54Mbps

11Mbps

54Mbps

300Mbps hay cao hn

iu ch

OFDM

DSSS hay CCK

DSSS hay CCK hay DSSS hay CCK hay OFDM OFDM

Di tn s trung tn (RF) Spatial Stream rng bng thng

5GHz

2,4GHZ

2,4GHZ

2,4GHz hay 5GHz

1, 2, 3 hay 4

20MHz

20MHz

20MHz

20 MHz hay 40 MHz

Tham kho Broadcom.com Wi-Fi.org Compnetworking.about.com Song Minh

im mi ca chun 802.11n

Mt trong nhng iu mong i nht ca ngi dng thit b u cui Wi-Fi khng g khc ngoi tc v tm ph sng. Theo c t k thut, chun 802.11n c tc l thuyt ln n 600Mbps (cao hn 10 ln chun 802.11g) v vng ph sng rng khong 250m (cao hn chun 802.11g gn 2 ln, 140m). Hai c im then cht ny gip vic s dng cc ng dng trong mi trng mng Wi-Fi c ci tin ng k, phc v tt cho nhu cu gii tr a phng tin, nhiu ngi dng c th xem phim cht lng cao (HD, Full HD, Full HD 3D...), gi in thoi qua mng Internet (VoIP), ti tp tin dung lng ln ng thi... m cht lng dch v v tin cy vn lun t mc cao.

Hnh 1: Logo chng nhn sn phm t chun 802.11n Bn cnh , chun 802.11n vn m bo kh nng tng thch ngc vi cc sn phm trc , chng hn, nu sn phm Wi-Fi chun n s dng ng thi hai tn s 2,4GHz v 5GHz th s tng thch ngc vi cc sn phm chun 802.11a/b/g. Chun 802.11n c IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) ph duyt a vo s dng chnh thc v cng c Hip hi Wi-Fi (Wi-Fi Alliance) kim nh v cp chng nhn cho cc sn phm t chun. Chng nhn chun Wi-Fi 802.11n l bc cp nht thm mt s tnh nng ty chn cho 802.11n d tho 2.0 (draft 2.0, xem thm bi vit ID: A0905_100) c Wi-Fi Alliance bt u t hi thng 6/2007; cc yu cu c bn (bng tng, tc , MIMO, cc nh dng khung, kh nng tng thch ngc) khng thay i. y l tin vui cho nhng ai ang s hu thit b t chng nhn 802.11n draft 2.0. Chng nhn Wi-Fi n vn m bo cho hn 700 sn phm c cp chng nhn

draft 2.0 trc y (gm my tnh, thit b in t tiu dng nh tivi, my ch a phng tin (media server) v cc thit b mng). Tt c thit b c cp chng nhn dng draft n c iu kin s dng logo "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n" m khng cn phi kim tra li (xem hnh 1). Vy u l nhng cng ngh quan trng ca chun 802.11n? Mt cng ngh mi lun gn lin vi cc ci tin nng cao cht lng dch v v Wi-Fi 802.11n cng vy. Mc tiu chnh ca cng ngh ny l tng tc v tm ph sng cho cc thit b bng cch kt hp cc cng ngh vt tri v tin tin nht (xem hnh 2).

Hnh 2: Cc tnh nng ty chn trong chng trnh cp chng nhn Wi-Fi n MIMO tr thnh bt buc Vi c t k thut c ph chun, MIMO (tham kho ID: A0905_100) l cng ngh bt buc phi c trong cc sn phm Wi-Fi 802.11n. MIMO c th lm tng tc ln nhiu ln thng qua k thut a phn chia theo khng gian (spatial multiplexing) - chia mt chui d liu thnh nhiu chui d liu nh hn v pht nhiu chui nh song song ng thi trong cng mt knh - tng t cc ln xe trn xa l. Ngoi ra, MIMO cn gip ci thin phm vi ph sng v tin cy (gim t l li) ca thit b thng qua mt k thut c gi l phn tp khng gian (spatial diversity). Kt hp vi cng ngh MIMO l 2 k thut (ty chn): M ha d liu STBC (Space Time Block Coding) gip ci thin vic thu/pht tn hiu trn nhiu anten; v ch HT Duplicate (MCS 32) - cho php gi thm gi tin tng t cng lc ln mi knh 20MHz khi thit b hot ng ch 40MHz gip tng tin cy cho thit b pht (xem hnh 3). Nng cao knh tn s

Ngoi nhng li ch t c t MIMO, cng ngh 802.11n cn s dng mt s k thut khc nhm tng tc d liu nhanh hn bng cch s dng knh (channelization) rng hn. Thay v ch s dng knh 20MHz nh cc chun 802.11a/b/g trc y, chun 802.11n s dng c hai knh 20MHz v 40MHz. Cc knh 40MHz gip tc truyn d liu tng gp i, ln n 150Mbps/mt chui d liu khng gian (spatial stream), xem bng tc ca chun 802.11n (xem hnh 4 v bng tc ). Tng cng hiu nng

Hnh 3: H thng MIMO NxM c N knh pht v M knh thu. Cc tn hiu t mi knh pht c th n knh thu thng qua mt ng duy nht, cho php ghp knh khng gian k thut gi nhiu lung d liu trong cng mt knh, nh vy tc truyn d liu s tng theo cp s nhn. Ngoi cng ngh MIMO, cc thit b cn c th c tch hp thm mt s k thut khc tng tc . u tin l k thut SGI (Short Guard Interval) cng c th gp phn ci thin tc bng cch gim kch thc ca khong cch gia cc symbol (k hiu). Bn cnh l mt s k thut trn lp vt l vi cc ci tin nhm gim overhead (gi tin mo u) - trc tip gp phn ci thin tc . gim overhead, 802.11n dng k thut tp hp khung (frame aggregation - FA) - ghp hai hay nhiu khung (frame) thnh mt frame n truyn i. Chun 802.11n s dng 2 k thut ghp frame: AMSDU (Aggregation - MAC Service Data Units) hay vit gn l MSDU - lm tng kch thc khung dng pht cc frame qua giao thc MAC (Media Access Control) v A-MPDU (Aggregation - MAC Protocol Data Unit) - lm tng kch thc ti a ca cc frame 802.11n c pht i ln n 64K byte (chun trc ch c 2304byte) (xem hnh 5). Mt cch ci thin thng lng b sung khc l gim kch thc frame ACK xung cn 8byte (chun c l 128byte). Ngoi ra, mt k thut c gi l SGI (Short Guard Interval) cng c th gp phn ci thin 10% tc bng cch gim khong cch gia cc symbol (k hiu) t 4 nano giy xung cn 3,6 nano giy. Cui cng l k thut GreenField Preamble c s dng rt ngn gi tin u tin ca frame (preamble) nhm ci thin hiu nng v cng sut tiu th cho thit b.

Hin thc phn cng vi 802.11n Cc hng sn xut chip Wi-Fi ln nh Atheros, Broadcom xut xng cc chip h tr chun 802.11n v t c chng nhn ca Wi-Fi Alliance, chng hn chip BCM943224HMS, BCM94313HMGB ca Broadcom, chip AR5B195 ca Atheros. Cc chip ny h tr y 4 chun 802.11a/b/g/n vi rt nhiu tnh nng ty chn (Short Guard Interval, Greenfield Preamble, A-MPDU, STBC, 40MHz trn tn s 2,4GHz hay 5GHz...), ch bo mt WPA2 cao cp, tnh nng WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) h tr gii tr a phng tin v cc tnh nng tin ch khc nh ci t m ha Wi-Fi nhanh theo dng PIN (Personal Identification Number) hay PBC (Push button configuration)... Cc hng sn xut thit b phn cng cng trnh lng sn phm 802.11n u tin ca mnh. Tra cu trong danh sch cc sn phm c Wi-Fi Alliance (www.wi-fi.org) cp chng nhn, bn s thy rt nhiu hng quen thuc sn sng vi 802.11n, v d Apple A1355, Buffalo Nfiniti Router WHR-G300N, Cisco AIR-CT5500 v AP801-AGN-K9, D-Link DWA-525/ DWA-525EU/ DWA525US, DrayTek Vigor2930n/ Vigor2930Vn/ Vigor2930VSn/ Vigor2820Series/ Vigor2110FSeries, Huawei EchoLife WS310, Netgear DGN3500B... c bit, ngoi cc sn phm l b nh tuyn, Access Point, card mng khng dy cn c sn phm tch hp Wi-Fi dnh cho gii tr khc cng c Wi-Fi Alliance cp chng nhn, ni bt l u Blu-ray ca cc hng LG, Panasonic, Sony, Samsung... Chn sn phm

Hnh 4: Cc knh 20MHz v 40MHz chn sn phm t cht lng tt, bn cn quan tm n nhiu yu t. u tin l chn ni cung cp sn phm uy tn, k tip phi xem sn phm c t chng nhn ca Wi-Fi Alliance khng ( m bo nhiu yu t nh cng ngh s dng trn thit b, kh nng tng thch ngc, tin cy...). xem sn phm cn mua t chng nhn hay cha, bn truy cp vo website ca Wi-Fi Alliance (www.wi-fi.org), vo mc "Wi-Fi Certified Products", sau tm kim sn phm ca hng cn xem (Search Product). Ti y, bn c th xem cc tnh nng ca sn phm (link n hng) v xem chng nhn ca sn phm (View Wi-Fi Certifications) nh hnh 6.

Vi cch lm ny, ngoi vic bit sn phm t chun quy nh, bn cn c th bit kh y thng tin v sn phm, t cc chun m thit b t c (chun IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n) cho n cc tnh nng ty chn (Short Guard Interval, TX A-MPDU, 40MHz hot ng trn tn s 5GHz); s spatial stream thu pht (3x3), 2 tn s 2,4GHz v 5GHz hot ng ng thi; bo mt WPA2 vi cc loi EAP...

Song Minh

Ngun: http://www.pcworld.com.vn/articles/cong-nghe/cong-nghe/2010/02/1195514/wi-fi-co-chuanmoi/