MANGANESE (Mn)

1. Limit value according to Drinking Water Directive TrinkwV: 0,05 mg/L

Giulianna C. Tacla

2. Other limit values: Organization WHO DIN 38406-E29 DVGW W233 CPDH NSDWRs EPA Manganese limit value for drinking water 0,4 mg/L (C) 0,05 mg/L 0,01 mg/l 0,5 mg/L (notification level) 0,05 mg/L

C - concentrations of the substance at or below the healthbased guideline value may affect the appearance, taste or odour of the water, leading to consumer complaints.

3. Common raw water concentration: Type of raw water Sea water Freshwater Surface water Urban Mixed Agricultural Forest/rangeland All sites Groundwater Urban Mixed Agricultural Forest/rangeland All sites Bed sediments Aquatic Biota Tissues Manganese concentration 0,4 10 g/L Average = 2 g/L 1 200 g/L 16 g/L 36 g/L 12 g/L 19 g/L 11 g/L 16 g/L 5 mg/L 15 g/L 2 g/L 4 g/L 12 g/L 5 g/L

1,1 mg/kg dry weight 0,01 mg/kg dry weight

4. Common pure water concentration: 0,05 mg/L

5. Common input because of which usage: Manganese compounds are widely distributed in air, soil, and water. Sources of atmospheric manganese include industrial emissions, volcanic eruptions, fossil fuel combustion, and erosion of manganese-containing soils. Almost 80% of industrial emissions of manganese are attributable to iron and steel production facilities. Power plant and coke oven emissions contribute about 20%. Due to generally low vapor pressure, manganese compounds in air exist primarily as suspended particulate matter. Because particle size is small, atmospheric manganese distribution can be widespread. These particles will eventually settle out via the process of dry deposition into surface waters or onto soils. 6. Effect (on humans, plants, etc.): Animals experimentally maintained on manganese-deficient diets exhibit impaired growth, skeletal abnormalities, reproductive deficits, ataxia of the newborn, and defects in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Health effects resulting from the ingestion of manganese-contaminated well water included lethargy, increased muscle tonus, tremor and mental disturbances. 7. Processing options: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) conventional treatment ion exchange reverse osmosis lime softening chemical precipitation.

8. Sampling and analytics: