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iwkp Deam(d)hns Ddqkn\v ]s-Spv aS-p-Ibm-bncp-p. kn.Fw DkvXm-Zns acpa-I A_vZp JmZn
{]tXyIw kqn-m ap-dnbp \In-b-Xn-\m hml-\v HmhtSv sNm
km[n-m hn[w thK-X-bnem-bn-cpp k-cn-n-cp--Xv.
sPn \nv Dmfw
]mew hsc Hcp aWn-q
{Sm^nIv Pman s]-Xn\v
tijw Dm ]me-n\v
sXmp-Ss\ hml-\-n\v iamb Ipepw A\p-`-h-s-p.
ktlm-Zcn ]p{X-\mb ss{Uh
A_vZp--tbmSv Cdn ]cn-tim[n-m Bh-iy-s-t- m-gmWv
Ccp-p-In LSn-n Ib
N{I-n\p kao]w ImWm
km[n--Xv. Ccp-ns aqbm N{I-ns
A[nI{Smpw apdn-v t]mbncp-p. Ccpp In CfIn
hoW-XmWv hml-\
- ns
12
Ipep--n\v Imc-Ww. 2010

s^{_p-hcn 25 \mWv Cu
kw`hw. Hcp aWn-q KXm-KX-p-cp-n s]n-m-bn-cp-sn AsXs Ay-bm-{X-bmIp-am-bn-cp-ts\.
asmcp ]cn-]m-Sn-bn
kw_-nv awK-em-]p-cp
\nv Xncnp hcp-tm cm{Xn
_Zn-b-Sp apX FS-\ocv
hsc Rm k-cn-n-cp
Stbm Izmfn-kns\ asmcp
Izmfnkv ]np-S-cp-p-m-bn-cpp. hml-\-tam-Sn-n-cp-Xv
Fs aI lpssk Bbncp-X
- n-\m Izmfn-kn\v
HmhtSv sNm ]m
hn[-n Ah thKX Iqn.
tdmU-cn-In \nn-cp--h
hml-\
- f
- psS Akm-[m-cW
thKw Iv Xpdnpt\m-p-pm-bn-cp-p.
? h[-n\v ]nn
{]hn--hsc Ipdnv h
kqN-\bpw e`n-n-ptm?
Ds-n \nba \S-]-Sn-I-fpambn aptmv t]mhm-Xv
Fp-sIm-mWv.
D. Hcp ka-amb Iztj kwLs D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-
tIkt\zj-Wh
- p-ambn aptmp
t]mIp-Xv X\n-n-jvSa
- s
-
kqN-\I
- f
- mWv DkvXmZpambn
Bob _-ap \nc-h[n
t]v DkvXm-Zns acW tijapmb A\p-`h
-
- f
- n \npw
a\-n-em-bX
- v.
n Bkq-{Xn-Xa
- m-b
- msX Cu
IrXyw sNm km[n-n-.
sXfn-hp-Isftmepw sImp-If-bp {Iqc-Xb
- mWv LmX-I
\S-n-bX
- v. Zpa{-hm-Zn-ItfmSv Ahn-ip _-apsv Btcm-]n-s
- -Sp-Ibpw
ac-W-Zn-hkw JmZn-bpsS \-dntev h ]Xn-\mdv tImfpIfpsS Dd-hn-S-amb \-dns
DS-abpamb ImWn-b alvaqZv
F hyn-bpsS Zpcql
acWhpw ]mXn-cm{Xn Xs
al-p-I-nn t]mepw Adn-bnmsX Abmsf sN-cn
J_m\n ad-hp-sN-bvXXnse Zpcq-l-X-Ifpw Nne
Aip` kqN-\-I \Ippv. am{X-a, \om hi-ap-hsmcn-epw shn NmSn B-lXy
sNm km[y-a-. DkvXm-ZhI sNdp--Im-ev Xs
IS-en-en-dn \o A`ykn hyn-bm-bn-cp-p. Npcp-n, hntij _pn-bp-hv Ffp-- a\-n-emm Ignbpw hn[w A\-h[n
kml-Nc
- y-s-fn-hp-I
_mn-sh-mWv Cu sIme-]mXIw \S-Xv. {]Xn-Isf ]nSnIq-SpI {]bm-k-an-.
Fm, Cu tIkt\zjW-hp-ambn aptmp t]mIpXv X\n-n-jvS-a-s kqN\-If
- mWv DkvXmZpambn
Bob _-ap \nc-h[n
t]v DkvXm-Zns acW
tij-apmb A\p-`h
-
- f
- n
\npw a\-n-em-b-Xv. Fp
Xs-bm-bmepw CXnse {]XnIsf \nb-a-n\v apn
sImp-h-cpw, Xo. CXv Hcp
D-ns {]m-\b
- m-Wv,
AXv khi kzoI-cn-psa--Xn kwi-b-an-. DkvXmZn\v Zn\w {]Xn e`n-p-sIm-ncp AwKo-Im-c-n hndfn
]q-h sNbvXp-Iq-nb Cu
alm-]m-XIw kaqlw s]mdpp-I-bn-. Ah shfn-p
hcpw. Ahsc kwc-n-p
Ic- F{X-am{Xw _e-hm-sW-nepw icn, Cim
Am-lv...
IhnX
inlm-_p-o IpnSn
H-sh-p
IS-em-bn-cp-n
Bcpw Ib-dm
]-X
- f
- n-tev,
A-c-p-cp-p-I tXSn
hen-p-Ib
- d
- n-bt- m-gmWv
aq-tb-dnb \-t\m-
-
kln-m hsv ]dv
Ime-samcp IS
shp-sIm-Sp-X
- v.
ckmn
]mn-Xy-ns BIm-iv
Xe-Ip-\nv \S--tm
an ]nW-dp-I hv
Ihn-fn XtemSn
shfpp t]mbn
XmSn-tcm-a
- ...
s\n \nv tXmfn-tev
In-smcp ]-p-cpv:
"shbn-ep \nt
ASpp hm
XWcmw'
s]mn-bI
- In-I
B hncp-p-Ip apn
Benw-K\w sNbvXp.
Hcp cm{Xn...
HmSn-sm-n-cp {]]w
`mw Xmsg-bn-dn
Noho-Sp-If
- pw, Xnc-am-eI
- fpw
cmm-Sn-If
- pw
\ni-_vZ-cm-bn...
IqSv hnp-]-d-p
alm-\-m-hns Nnd-Ip-I Iv
Xmc-I
- HmSn-sbm-fn-p.
Ccp-ns Icn-
]pXp-Xe
-
- f
- n
sIme-n-cn-I
NnXdn hogp-p.
]pkvXI
- s
- -p-If
- n
Nph ]qhv XncpIn
Hcm kzK-ns
]Sn Ib-dp-p.
13
At\z-jWw
JmZn-bpsS LmX-Isc
ad-p-sh-p--Xmcv?
At\z-jWw
Xm-dm-n-bXv: Pm_n Fw.sI Xr-cn-q,
A_q-_- knoJv amkvXn-p-v,
iw\mkv IpymSn
JmZn B-lXy sNm-\p

hnZqc km[yX t]mep-an-spw
CsXmcp Bkq-{Xn-X sIme-]m-Xa
- msWpw \mp-Imcpw _p-fpw
hnhn[ kwL-S\
- I
- fpw Bhnv
]d-npw k{In-ba
- mb At\z jWw \S-msX B-lX
- y-bmbn
Nn{Xo-Ic
- nv Cu A[ymbw AS-m\mWv At\z-jI
- hy{KX Imn-bX
- v.
14
sshIn-sb-p \oXn
A\oXn Xs-bm-sWmWv
B]vX hmIyw.\o-Xnbpw
\ymbhpw hne-s-Sp--s-Sp
Idp Imev Ccw
B]vXhmIy tIh-ew
h\tcmZ-\
- f
- mbn amdpI
kzm`m-hnIw am{Xw.- a-\p-jym-hIm-is Ipdn-p D]-cnhamb {]`mj-W
- fpw Kohm-Wfpw A\p-kyqXw apg-p
temIv Pohn-m t]mepap Ah-Imiw \ntj-[n--sSp \nc-]-cm-[nI-fpsS \ne-hnfn-I \psS Ddw sISppp. acn-npw kzkvYX
sImSp-msX Hcp alm-mhns ac-Ws Nqgvv
\np Zpcq-l-X-Isf ]nbp Hcp At\z-jW
dntmm-WnXv.k-aq-l
- ns
a\-xkm-nsb Xn-bp-Wm\p hn\o-X-amb {iaw.
ilosZ anv JmZn- kn.Fw.A-_vZp apkvenbm-cpsS
acWw Cpw Hcp {]tl-fn-Ibmbn Ah-ti-jn-p-Ib
- m-Wv.t- Ic-f-nse Ghpw henb
s]mXp P\m-Sn-d
- bp
apkvenw ]nXk`bmb
kakvX tIcf PwC-
- p-De
- a-bp-sS-tI-{-ap-im-hd D]m-[y,- D-c tIc-f-ns
sshPvRm-\nI \t`m-aW
- vUe
- nse ip{I-\
- {- X-fmbn
Xebpbn \np aqv
hnZym-`ymk m]-\
- f
- psS
tZfn PmanA kAvZn, ae_m Ckvem-anIv tImwIvkv
N-m, \ote-izcw a-kp-Avh cmP-in]n, aXùXnI
hnZym-`ymksa henb
kz]v\w ImWp-Ibpw hnP-b-I-cambn kmmI-cn-p-Ibpw
sNbvX {ImZin,
ImktImUv Pn-bn-sebpw
awK-em-]p-csbpw \qtdmfw
al-pIfnse JmZn. Dc
tIc-f-nse inlm_v X
F t]cn Adn-b-s-, kam[m-\-n\pw kulm-n\pw
thn AoWw bXv\n
Ia-tbm-Kn, tKmf-im-kv{Xns AKm-[X
- I sXmdn At{K-k-c-\mb ]nX, ]g-a-bpsS X\n-abpw
At\z-jWw
B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS ]pXp-abpw
kwtbm-Pn-nv Ime-n-s\mw
k-cn alm-m-\n. hntij-W
- v sXmSm-\m-hm-X
- mbn-cpp B hyn-Xzw.
Hcp P\-X-bpsS sshm\n-I-hpw Bo-bhpw kmaq-lnI-hpamb ]ptcm-KX
- n-mbn
kzbw Dcp-In-o B
henb a\p-jys PohnXw
\njvTp-c-ambn Xn-s-Sp-nb
Idp ssII Bcp-tS-XmWv?
Dcw tXtS-h
- cpw Ist-h
- cpw Xs
DdpItbm Ddw \Sn-pItbm sNp-p. \nba]me-Icm-tI-h
- \nbaLmX-Ic
- m-Ipp.
JmZn-bpsS ac-Wh
- pw
Zpcq-l-X-Ifpw
2010 s^{_p-hcn 15 XnfmgvN cmhnsebmWv \mSv \Sp-tmsS B hm tI-Xv.
JmZn kn.Fw A_vZp apkvenbm ac-W-s-n-cn-p-p.
AsXmcp km[m-cW ac-W-as hnhcw B \Sp-s
iX-Kp-Wo-`-hn-n-p. \nc-h[n
kwi-b
- fpw Zcq-lX
- I
- fpw
\nKq-V-X-Ifpw ASn-apSn Nqgvv
\n ac-W-am-bn-cpp JmZnbptS-Xv. kz`-h-\-n \nv GItZiw 700 ao AIse sNcn IS-en- Ic-tbmSv tN
`mK-mWv JmZn-bpsS ùXnI
icocw Is-Sp--s--Xv. IS-pd-p ISp Ip-I Fdn-bs
- -Sp ]md-q-
- v
apI-fn At-l-ns sNcpp-I-fpw DuvhSnbpw tSmpw
IrXy-ambn ASp-n-sh-n-cp-p.
{]Ya ZrjvSym Xs CsXmcp
sIme-]m-XI
- a
- m-sWv kqN\
\Ip acWw! Fnpw
tIk-t\z-jn tem
t]meokv apX kn.-_n.sF
hsc At\z-jW GPkn-I
apgp-h B-lXy F
]gw]pcmWw Xs Nn-psIm-n-cpp FXv Zpcq-la
- mWv.
At\z-jW
-
- ns
BZyw DtZym-K
-
- m
kzoI-cn- \ne-]mSv kwi-bmkv]-Z-am-bn-cp-p. JmZn BlXy sNm-\p hnZqc
km[yX t]mep-an-spw adnv
CsXmcp Bkq-{Xn-Xa
- mb sIme-
sXfn-hp-I \in-n-m\pw
At-jWw hgn-Xn-cnp hnSm\pw
Imn-bW
- n-h
- ImWn hgnhn Ifn-I Bscbpw s\n-np-X
- m-Wv. JmZn-bpsS acWw
th{X Kuc-h
- n-se-Sp-msX
Bm\pw thn Hmm-\n-pI-bm-bn-cpp t]meokpw ss{Iw
{_mpw kn.-_n.-sF-bp-sam-s.
]m-Xa
- m-sWpw \mp-Imcpw
_p-fpw hnhn[ kwL-S-\Ifpw Bhnv ]d-npw
k{In-ba
- mb At-jWw \SmsX A-h
- y-amb
ap[m-c-W-tbmSp IqSn B-lXy-bmbn Nn{Xo-I-cnv Cu
A[ymbw AS-m-\mWv At\zj-I hy{KX Imn-b-Xv.
tIkv BZyw At\z-jn-Xv
tem t]meo-km-bn-cp-p.
sXfn-hp-I Is-m-\
kzm`m-hnI sXfn-hp-I \in-nm-\mWv tem t]meokv
{ian-X
- v. Av Im-mSv
Un.-ssh.-F-kv.-]n-bm-bn-cp ]n.
l_o-_pd-lvam\v CXn-ep
]mWv BZyw At\z-jW
hnt[-ba
- m-t-X
- v. IS-en
I icocw JmZn-bp-tS-XmsWv Xncn--dnv Ac-a-Wnq-dn\p-n Xs Un.-ssh.F-kv.]n kw`-h--ev IpXns-n-bn-cp-p. Im-ms
Xs Hmô-kn \nv Hcnepw Un.-ssh.-F-kv.-]nv
sN-cn IS-p-d-s-m-\mhn-. AXpw HutZymKnI hml-
\-n, HutZym-KnI bqWnt^m-an, \mev _kv \ndsb

t]meo-kp-Im-cp-ambn k
km-lt- mSp IqSn-bm-bn-cpp
Ct-l
- ns Fgp-
-
- v.
kw`hw \S {]tZ-is {Iak-am-[m\]me\ Npa-X-e-bp
t_ Fkv.s
- Ftbm
Gdnbm kn.-sFtbm Ftn-Sv Ah t]mepw Fp-Xn\p apv l_o-_pdlvam Fn-bXv Fn\v?
sN-cn JmZnsb t]mse
D-X-\mb Hcp hyn-bmWv
ac-Ws
- -s
- XXns Kuchw
IW-n-se-Sp-mWv Un.-ssh.F-kv.]n e-s-n-bsXv
\ap--\p-am-\n-m-am-bn-cp-p,
At-l
- ns Ihy
t_m[s \apv {]iw-knm-am-bn-cp-p. ]t, BcpsStbm \nt-i
- -\p-kc
- ns-tmWw Zpcp-t-iy-]c
- a
- m-bncpp At-l-ns \o Hmtcmpw. kw`-h--es-nb Un.-ssh.-F-kv.]n
Zqsc amdn \nv BtcmtSm
ZoLt\cw samss_
t^m kw`m-jWw \S-n-bXn\v kmn-I-fp-v. amcpw
tIm-Xn-cn-m am{Xw
clky kz`m-h-ap Cu
kw`m-jWw Bcp-am-bn-m-bn-cpp? kn.-F-ns ac-W-hn-hcw
At-ls Adn-bn-Xv Bcmbn-cp-p? t]meokptZym-K
cpsS, t]mbnv km[m-cW
-
- mcpsS t]mepw tImaskkv
D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-msXbmWv
\nb-a-]m-e-I s]cp-am-dn-b-Xv.
15
At\z-jWw
JmZn-bpsS sNcnpw hSn-bpw

tSmpw tUmKv kvtImUns\
sImvhv ]cn-tim-[n-n-W
- sav \mp-Im Bhn-mhnv Bh-iy-s-npw
sNhn-sm-n-sp am{X-a
t]meokv \mbsb sImp
hm \nssbms hon-embn-cnpw BZyw HmSn--b-dp-Isbv ]dv Ahsc
òjWnsSp-m-\mWv
s]meokv {ian-Xv. am{X-a
Cu hkvXp- Hcp
s]meokptZym-K
ssI
sIms-Sp-pIbpw Is-Sp-s ev \nv Dtiw
]Xn-\v ao apI-fn-tev
amn-shv AhnsS amv
sNm hnê{iaw \S-pIbpw sNbvXp. X-k-a-bv
AXv {i-bns] \mp-Im
{]Xn-tj[w {]I-Sn-n-Xv
sImvam{X-amWv ]gb ew
amv sNm t]meo-kp-Im
Xm-dm-bX
- .v
IS-p-ds {]I-S\sfms Ign tijw Un.ssh.-F-kv.]n t\sc t]mbXv
JmZn-bpsS hon-te-m-bn-cpp.
HutZym-KnI hml\w D]-tbm-KnmsX tdmUv amKw Dt]nv IqsS Bscbpw IqmsX
JmZn-bpsS sNcnpw hSn-bpw

tSmpw tUmKv kvtImUns\
sImv ]cn-tim-[n-n-W
- s
- a
\mp-ImcpsS Bhiyw sNhn-sImmsX t]meokv \mbsb sImv
hm \nssbms hon-em-bncnpw BZyw HmSn-b
- d
- p-Is
- bv
Ahsc òjWnsSp-m-\mWv
s]meokv {ian-Xv.
16
Hcp kzImcy hyn-bpsS

app IqSn [rXn ]nSnv JmZnbpsS `h-\-n-se-nb
Abm hoSns ]qv s]mfnv
AIv IS-pI-bm-bn-cp-p.
JmZn-bpsS atfm _ptfm t]mepw Atm
ev Cm-bn-cp-p. Ie-IvSdp-sStbm B.-Un.-Hb
- p-sStbm
kmn-[y-n-e
- msX ]qv
s]mfnv AIv IS-m Un.ssh.-F-kv.-]nv A[n-Im-c-hpan. Fnpw kwi-bm-kv]-Zamb kml-N-cy-n ^nwK
{]n v hnZ-KvZsc sImp hv
kqa ]cn-tim-[\ \S-m\p kmam\y acymZ t]mepw
ImWn-msX \nb-a
- t- fbpw
Iogvhg
-
-
- s
- fbpw Imn
]dn ]qv s]mfnv AIv
IS-m l_o_pd-lvam
sXcv ]nSn-Xv Fn\v
thn-bm-bn-cp-p? ]cn-tim-[\
\S-p-tm Bpw {]thi\w A\p-h-Zn-m hontev te-ns ]{Xm-[n-]cmb Ac-hn- amWn-tmv
am{Xw Un.-ssh.-F-kv.-]n-bpsS
{]tXyI A\p-a-Xn-tbmSv IqSn
AIv IS-p. ap ]{Xmcpw am[y-a-{]-h-I-cpsams IS-p-dpw JmZn-bpsS
Xd-hmv hon-ep-ambn X-Sn-ncns Xs {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\-tbmsS {]kvXpX ]{Xm-[n]sc am{Xw hon {]th-in-n-Xn\v ]nnse
Xm]cysam-bn-cpp? BZyw
apX Ah-km\w hsc JmZn
B-lXy sNbvXX
- m-sWv
hcp-n-om hrYm
hymbmaw \S-nb ]{X-amWv
tev.
_pZ ]cn-`m-jbpw
Bfl-lXym Ipdnpw
Icnn Iq-n IS
Imm-\s
- b-tmse JmZn-bpsS
hoSv Cf-n-a-dn-pw _p-tfmSv Xn--b-dnbpw Un.-ssh.-Fkv.]n sskzc-hn-lmcw \S-p-Xn-\n-Sb
- n-emWv JmZn-bpsS
tai-p-d-p-m-bn-cp Ub-dnbn \nv B-lXym
Ipdnv(?) Is-p--Xv.
{KlWn _m[n Ipn N
IXv t]mse F\nv Int-Xv Inn Fv
BtLmj]qw Bt{Im-in-psImv ta-d ]{Xm-[n-]v thn am{Xw {]tXy-Iambn t^mtmv t]mkv
sNbvXp.
Fm Fm-bn-cpp
kXym-h? hnizhn{ip-X-amb
Camw _qkzocn-bpsS _pZ
bpsS 28mw hcn-bpsS ]cn-`m-jbpsS JmZn kzw ssI-S-bn
Fgp-Xn-sh--Xm-Wv BlXymIpdn-m-sWv ]dv
Un.-ssh.-F-kv.]n BtLm-jn-Xv. _pZm Imhy-in]w aebm-f
- n-tev `mjm-cw
sNp--Xns ]Wn-p-c-bn-embn-cp-p JmZn. Camw _qkzocn(d)s\ amXrI-bmn Xs
Imv Xnp-sIm-n-cp
amcI tcmKfn \nv ia\w
tXSn-bmWv DkvXmZv ]cn-`mj
kwc-`-n\v apXn-Xv. {K-cN\ \Sn AXns {]Im-i\hpw \n-ln--Xn\v tijamWv Atlw temI-tmSv
hnS-]-d--Xv. _pZ cNn-pI
hgn Camw _qkzo-cn-bpsS tcmKv ia\w e`n-Xv t]mse
Cu ]cn-`mj hgn F\npw
tcmK-imn e`n-n-cn-pp,
Rm\n-tm ]qW Btcm-Kyhm-\m-sW-mWv B ZrVa\kvI {]Im-i\ NS-n
hnIm-c-`-cn-X-\mbn ]d--Xv.
Nne Xncp-p-I-fp-ambn Fgp-Xnsh-- _pZm `mjm--camWv
Un.-ssh.-F-kv.]n B-l-XymIp-dn-m-sWv Ip-]n-Snw
\S-n-bX
- v.
tI-]mXn tIm
]mXn JmZn-bpsS B-l-XymIp-dnv Is-n-bn-cn-pp
Fv Nne ]{X- sh
\nc-n. HSp-hn AXv B-
At-jWw
l-Xym-Ip-dnmbn-cp-nsv
kn.-_n.sF Xs Is-nsb-nepw Hcp]mSv tNmZy-Nn- Ctmgpw _mn-bm-Wv.
Ipdnv In Inn-b-tm
""F\nv Int-Xv Inn'' Fv
]dv Un.-ssh.-F-kv.]n
Xpn-m-Sn-bsXn-\m-bn-cpp?
Chn-sSbpw Xon. hy-htbm-[n-I-\mb JmZnv Hcnepw ]md-q--v apIfn Ib-dn-sb-m Ign-bnsv t_m[y-s-Sp-m
{ian Fkv.-sI.-F-kv.-F-kv.F^v ImktImUv Pnm `mchm-ln-It- fmSv "acn-m Xocp-am\n--h sXnepw Ibdpw'
Fm-bn-cpp Un.-ssh.-F-kv.-]nbpsS adp-]-Sn. am{X-a Xs
hmZ- \ymbo-I-cn-m, acnp--Xns GXm\w Znh-kv apv Xs `mcym-]n-Xmhns hon Hcp NS-n
]s-Sp-m-\mbn JmZn \nc-h[n
]S-hp-I Ib-dn-bmWv hssX Iv-sh \pWbpw Xnhn-p. AXv icn-b-sv Av
kl-bm-{Xn-I\
- m-bn-cp bp.Fw
A_vZpd-lvam apkven-bm
]d-bp-p.
Cs\ D-X-\mb Hcp
t]meo-kp-tZym-K
s hynXz-n\pw D-c-hm-ZnXzn\pw
Atijw tbmPn-m coXnbn \riw-k\
- o-ba
- mb CS-s]-Sep-I \S-n tIskm-Xp-m
{ian Un.-ssh.-F-kv.]n l_o_pd-lvams\ hni-Z-ambn
tNmZyw sNbvXm Xs Zpcql-X-I ad \on ]pdv
hcp-sav hniz-kn-p--h-cmWv
{]iv\-n kPo-h-ambn CSs]-Sp \mp-Imcpw kwL-S-\Ifpw a\p-jym-h-Imi {]hI-cp-sams. Fm l_o_ns\ th coXn-bn tNmZyw
sNbvXn-sv am{X-a Atlns samgn-Ifpw \ymbfpsams IW-n-se-Spv
JmZn-bpsS acWw B-l-Xybm-m-\p X{X-m-Sn-em-bncpp kn.-_n.sF AS--ap
At-jW GPkn-I.
kwi-bm-kv]Z
- a
- mb kml-Nc
- y-n
^nwK {]n v hnZ-KvZsc sImp
hv kqa ]cn-tim-[\ \S-m\p kmam\y acymZ t]mepw ImWnmsX \nb-a
- t- fbpw Iogvhg
-
- -sfbpw Imn ]dn ]qv
s]mfnv AIv IS-m
l_o_pd-lvam sXcv ]nSnXv Fn\v thn-bm-bn-cp-p?
Xsbmbn-cppsh-Xn-tev
shfnw hoip \nc-h[n
sXfn-hp-I C\n-bp-ap-v. GXv
]mXn-cm-{Xn-bnepw aW hmcp-hcpw sIm{]--f-n\p
Imh \np-h
- c
- p-sam-sbmbn kPo-ha
- m-hm-dp-mbn-cp
sN-cn IS-p-dv JmZnbpsS acWw \S cm{Xn
am{Xw Bcp-ap-m-bn-cp-n-!
Ap-X-I-camwhn[w hnP-\-ambn-cpp Av IS-pdw. A\-[nIrX aWISv ]nSn-Iq-Sm
kvs]j kvIzmUv IS-p-ds-m km[y-Xb
- pv F
Hcp ktiw Inn-b-XnsbSnm-\
- n-em-Wt{X aW-ep-Im
IS-p-dv \nv Xntcm-[m\w
sNbvX-Xv. Hcp t]meo-kp-tZym-K-\mWv {]kvXpX ktiw
\In-bs
- Xpw ]d-bs
- -Sp-p.
]t BcmWv B
t]meokptZym-K
? Abmsf-n-\m-bn-cpp Cs\ Hcp
ktiw \In Bfp-Isf ISp-dv \n amn-\n-dp-n-bXv?
XpS-nb tNmZy-smpw
Dcw Is-m At\zjW GPkn-Iv Ign-n, As-n Ah-c-Xn\v {iann-.
cm{Xn GI-tZiw aqv

aWnv IS-p-dv Hcp shIm I-Xmbn kao-]-hm-knbmb A_vZp F hr
kmy-s-Sp-p-p-v.
Fm cm{Xn aqv aWnv
tijw R-fh
- nsS ]t{Sm-fnwKv
\S-n-bn-cp-p-shv sIp-IY
- bp-mn kmn samgn dv
sNm-\mWv tem t]meokv
{ian-Xv. ]t kn.-_n.sF
At\z-j-W-n Imdn dPnkvt{S-j \-d-S--ap hnhc- e`n-p. kn.Fw DkvXmZv
Xs m]n Cv hnL-SnX
kpn-I \S-p tZfn
PmanA kAvZnbn \nv
]Tn-p-]p-d-n-d-nb Hcp
kAvZnbmWv ss{Uhsd Bhiy-an F hyh--bn
Imdv hmS-Iv FSp-s
- Xv
sXfn-p. ]ntv cmhnse
Fv aWn-m-Wt{X Cbm
Imdv Xncn-p-sIm-Sp-X
- v.
{]kvXpX kAvZn Ctm
kuZn Atd-_y-bn-em-Wp-sXpw t_m[y-am-bn. ]t
At\z-jWw AhnsS hgn-ap-n.
IS-p-dv Xs Xma-kn-p
ssk\p-o aI \_ok
F kv{Xo cm{Xn aqv aWnv
Hcp a\p-jy Ae-dn--c-bp
i_vZw tIn-cp-p-shv At\zjW GPkn-Iv samgn
\Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p.
am{X-a JmZn acn Znhkw
cm{Xn sN-cn IS-p-dv
sshZypXn Dm-bn-cp-n-sv
\mp-Im \Inb samgn-bn-epv. Fm DZpa Ce-Iv{Snknn Hmô-kn k_vFPn\o-bs
- dbpw Hmhko-b-
Bfl-lX
- y-b, Bkq-{XnX-amb sIme-]m-XIw Xs
JmZn-bpsS acWw BlXy-bm-bn-cp-n, Bkq-{Xn-Xamsbmcp sIme-]m-XIw
17
At\z-jWw
ehp-am-sWXv {]tXyIw
{]m[m-\y-aln-p hnj-b-ambn-cp-p. ae-_m-cn-bpsS samgn
tI{o-I-cnv hni-Z-ambn At\zjWw \S-n-bn-cp-s-n Hcp
]t JmZn-bpsS sIme-]m-XI
kw_-n-bmb \nWmbI
sXfn-hp-I e`n-p-am-bn-cp-p.
Fm AXp-m-bn-n-.
AXv t]mse JmZn-bpsS acW-hp-ambn Iqnhm-bn-t-XmWv IpWn-b-bnse Zpcq-l-a-cW-hpw. ImktImUv Pnbnse s]cn-b--Sp IpWn-bbnse Hcp tIzmtgvkn Xmakn-n-cp sN-cn kztZ-inbmb ImWn-b alvaqZv F
hyn-bpsS Zpcql ac-W-amWv
JmZn-bpsS h[s ]n-bp
kwib-v Bw Iqn-bXv. JmZn acn-p--Xns sXmpXte Znhkw Dv cp-aWnv apv \mev XhW CbmfpsS skt^m-Wn \nv
JmZn-bpsS t^mWn-tev hnfnn-cpp. ]t, s^{_p-hcn
10mw XoXn apX Imms Hcp kzImcy tlmkv]n-en AUvan-m-bn-cpp ImWnb alvaq-Zv. 14mw Xo-Xn-bmWv
Abm UnkvNmPm-bX
- v.
sdbpw kn.-_n.sF tNmZyw

sNbvXn-cp-p. DZpa Hmôknse dnmUv _ppw
ssaemn k_v tj-\nse
tcJ-Ifpw ]cn-tim-[-\v hnt[b-am-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p.
]t sshZypXn apS-n-bXmbn HutZym-KnI tcJ-Isfmpw e`n-n-n-s-mWv At\zj-Wk
- wLw ]d-bp-X
- v.
sshZypXn apS-n-bn-cp-p-shv
\mp-Im Dd-nv ]d-bp-p-apv. Fn Bcm-bn-cnpw
AXns ]nn?
djoZv ae-_m-cnbpw
IpWn-bb
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JmZn-bpsS acWw \Sv
GXm\w amk-v tijamWv At[m-temI \mb-I\
- mb
djoZv ae-_m-cnsb ImSIt]m-eokv Adv sNp--Xv.
t\cs sN-cn--bnse Hcp
_wm-hn Xma-kn-n-cp
Abm AtX kabw Nm tZiob ]mX-tbm-cs
Hcp sIn-S-nepw Xma-kn-n-cp-Xmbn t]meo-kn\v hnhcw
e`n-n-cp-p. ImktIm-s Hcp
{]ap-J-\mb hynsb hI-h-cpm-\mWv ChnsS Fn-bsXv ae-_mcn t]meo-kn\v
\Inb samgn-bn ]d-n-cpp. Abm Hfn-p-Xm-a-kn-ncp sN-cn-bpw N-mepw
kn.Fw DkvXm-Zp-ambn Hcp
t]mse _-s-p-In-S-p
{]tZ-i
- f
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DkvXm-Zns kztZ-ih
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tImwIvkv \ne-\np
18
hy-htbm-[n-I\
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- v apI-fn
Ib-dn-sb-m Ign-bn-sv
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- v.F
- k
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Pnm `mc-hm-ln-It- fmSv "acn-m
Xocp-am-\n-h
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Fm-bn-cpp Unssh.-Fk
- v.]
- nbpsS adp-]S- n.
Abm Adntm Adn-bmsXtbm amcptStbm t^mWp]tbm-Knv JmZnsb hnfn-p-Ib

- mbn-cpp FmWv kwi-bn-t-Xv. Cbmsf JmZn-bpsS
hntbm-K-Zn-hkw cmhnse tad-n I-h-cp-v. ApXs Abm-fpsS t^mWn
\nv Hcp ktiw t]mbXn\pw tcJ-bp-v. kn.-_n.sF
Fm\pw Cbmsf tNmZyw
sNbvXm \nWmbI hnh-c ]pdv hcp-sav Iv
kn.Fw DkvXm-Zns\ hI-h-cpn-bh
- Xs-bmWv Cbmsfbpw Cm-Xm-n-bs
- Xv
\ymb-ambpw kwi-bn-mw.
Imcy-amb tcmK-s
- fm-p-anm-bn-cp ImWn-b alvaqZv
s]s-smcp cm{Xn ac-W-s-SpI-bm-bn-cp-p. Ab]v
Xma-kn-n-cp--h t]mepw acW-hn-hcw Adn-n-. cmhnse
honse Ipn-I A_--n
]d-p-t]m-btmgmWv
Abhmkn-I hnhcadn-bp-Xv. F-s\-bmWv acn-Xv F
tNmZy-n\v hop-Im hyamb adp-]Sn \ImsX Hgnp-am-dp-Ib
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Abhmkn-bmb Xncp-h\
-
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\mp-I-scbpw al-p-`m-c-hm-lnI-sf-tmepw Adn-bn-msX
cmbv-p-cm-am\w anv sN-cn-bn-tev sImvt]mbn adhv
sNp-Ib
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Znh-k
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`mcybpw afpw tImtgvkv
Hgnv t]mbXnepapv kwib-. hop-km-a{- Kn-Is
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Abhm-kn-Iv DZm-ca
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"Zm\w'sNbvXm-bn-cp-p-sht{X
Ah hoSv hnXv! JmZn-sbtmse Hcp alm ]pcp-js\
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ssI hnd-m-Xn-cp--hv
ImWn-b alvaq-sZ km[m-cW-m-cs\ sImesSp-p-Xn aSn ImWn-t--Xn--tm?
kXyw Hcn-epw ]pdv hcmXn-cn-m-\p sh{]m-f
- n
\np`q-Xa
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kwi-bn-p--hsc Ip-s-Spm-\m-hn-. Fm Cu
At\z-j-Whpw ]mXn hgn-bn
At-jWw
\ne-p.
Is-e
- p-If
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Akw-_
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-
JmZn-bpsS sIme-]m-XI
- w
B-lX
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tem t]meokv \S-nb
\o- hym]-I-amb {]Xntj-[
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- m-bn-cp-p.
t\c-dn-bn-m-\, t\cw If-bm\mWv t]meokv {ian-p-sXv t_m[y-s \nc-h[n
kwL-S-\-I \nc--c-ambn \Snb {]tm-`- ê-ambn
2010 amv Ggn\v At\z-jWw
ss{Iw{_m-n\v hnXv. sF.Pn _n. kybpsS t\Xr-Xz-nep kwLw JmZn-bpsS
acWw sIme-]m-XIw Xs-bmsW \nK-a-\-n-se-n-bn-cpp. t]mvtamw dntm-pw
Cu \nK-a-\-n\v _e-taIn.
acn-p--Xn\v apv JmZn _e{]-tbm-K
- n-\n-cb
- mbn F-Xmbn-cpp dntm-ns ImX.
izmktImiw Ds-sS-bp
B-cnIm hb-h-fn aW
ImW-s-Xpw Igp-s-n- Dmb s]mepw apJp ImWs apdn-hp-Ifpw {Iqchpw
Bkq-{Xn-Xh
- p-amb sIme-]m-XI-n-tev hnc Nqp--Xmbn-cp-p. ss{Iw{_mv At\zjWw ]ptcm-Ka
- n-p-X
- n-\n-Sb
- nemWv amv 24\v tIkv kn._n.sFv hnvsImv
km D-c-hn-d-n-b-Xv.
tIkv kn.-_n.sF Gs-Sppp F hm Gsd
{]Xo-jt- bm-sS-bmWv Fm-hcpw
tI-Xv. JmZn tcmK-]o-UI
-
kln-m Ign-bmsX BlXy sNp-I-bm-bn-cpp F
]gw-]p-cmWw Nnv kn._n.sF kmbq-Py-aS- b
- p-Ib
- m-bncp-p. AXn\v Dt]m_-e-Iambn {]Y-aZ- rjvSym Xs
Xn-f
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sRmn-\ym-b
- fpw \nc-n.
BZy L-n kn._n.sF At\z-jWw Bim-hl-am-bn-cp-p. kn.-_n.sF
Ckvs]-IvS F. emk-dns
t\Xr-Xz-n \S DuPn-Xamb At\z-jWw 'Zm, {]XnIsf ]nSn-n-cn-pp" F
Ah--bn-tev hsc Fn-bXm-bn-cp-p. Hcpthf, \msf
{]Xn-Isf ]nSn-IqSpsav hsc

At\z-jW
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s]mSp-s\ B-lX
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amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. sN-cn
JmZn-bpsS acWw B-l-Xysbp kn.-_n.sF Ana
dntmv F Xe-s-n 2011
Pqsse 21 hymgmgvN ae-bm-f-at\m-c-a-bne hm {]Xy-s-p. Iq-cn \nv sI. Pb{]-Imiv _m_p F dntmdmWv t]cv shv hm
\In-b-Xv. ta kqNn-X-amb
tev ]{X-nepw kam-\-amb
hm hp. sIme-]m-X-I-amsW--Xn\v CXp-hsc sXfnthm
kqN-\tbm e`n-n-n-spw
A]-IS acWa-spw hyam-Ip dntmv sNssbnse taJem tPmbn v Ub-dIvSd
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kan-n-cn-pI-bm-Wv Fmbn-cpp hm. tev ]{Xam-Is hm BtLm-jn-pI-bm-bn-cp-p. Cu hm aebm-fa
- t- \m-ca
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Inn-bn-sX-s\ F tNmZyw
{]k-a
- mWv, R-f
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Bpw hm \In-bn-nsv kn.-_n.sF BW-bn-Sp
kml-Nc
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kn.-_n.sF DtZym-K- ]d-bpXv icn-bm-sW-n at\m-cav am{X-ambn hm InnbsXhnsS \nm-bn-cp-p?
AXns ]nn at\m-c-av

Dm-bn-cp Xm]-cy-
Fm-bn-cp-p.-at- \m-ca
\Inb dntmv A\p-k-cnv
]noSv kn.-_n.sF ssltm-SXn-bn kan At\z-jW
dntm-nepw Imcy- kam-\amWv. B-lX
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m]n-m kn.-_n.sF \ncp hmZ- Ch-bm-Wv:
JmZnv Ic A_p-Z-a-S-ap tcmK- Dm-bn-cp-p.
Ic hohpw ASp Lamb Ic Npcp-epw (enh
s\t{Im-Wnkv) Dm-bn-cp-p.
ISp thZ-\-sb-p-Sv awKem-]pcw, shq Fn-hn-S-fn NnIn tXSnb Atlw,
]t, Xs Ak-l-\o-b-amb
thZ\sbn IpSpw-_mw-K
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amdm-tcm-Khpw AXns imco-cnIhpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb thZ-\bp-amWv At-ls Bmlp-Xnv t{]cn-n--Xv. \ Dbc-ap ]md-bn-tev 77 hbp JmZnv Ib-dm Ign-bns hmZw icn-b-. kw`-hns Xtev \ Db-c-nep sN-cn ]nv kao]-ap ]nXm-hns aJv_d
Atlw kin-n-cp-p.
t]mvtamw dntmn
kqNn-n-n-p apJs apdnhp-I ]md--n Xn-ho-gp-Xm-bmWv. Igp-nse Rcv
apdn-Xv sh-n hoWtm-gpmb BLm-X
- n-em-Wv.
kzt_m-[-n-ep Hcm
apn-a-cn-m-ep-m-Ip e-
19
At\z-jWw
W-f
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sNbvX tUmIvS-dpsS samgn-bn-epv. Fm-hpw kzoIm-cy\mb JmZn-sb Bsc-nepw
A]m-b-s-Sp-m km[y-X- Xosc-bn-. A]-ISac-W-n-ep
km[y-XI
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]md--n\v apI-fn Atlw
t]mtI Hcp Imcy-hp-an-.
Ub-dn-bn \nv Is-Sp
Ipdnv B-l-Xym-Ip-dn-.
CXmWv kn.-_n.sF
dntmns Npcp-w.
Fm ssltm-SXn kn._n.sFbpsS hmZ apJ-sf
hne-s-Sp-n-. dntmn
\nc-h[n sshcp-[y-fpsv
tImS-Xn- Ip-s-Sp-n. Fm
kn.-_n.sF X-fpsS `mKw
\ymbo-Ic
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sa\-pmnb {]kvXm-h\
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sIme-]m-XI
-
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Xn--f-bp--h ]t, B
BZ-c-Wob hynXzw cq]-s-sX-s\ Fv IqSn Nnn-t-Xm-bn-cp-nt? kn.-_n.sF
Xs k-Xn BZ-cW
- o-bhynXzw X\npw IpSpw-_-
20
s]mXp kzoIm-cy-\mb JmZn-sb

Bsc-nepw A]m-bs
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A]-IS ac-W
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Xo-sc-bn-. hon \nv Hcp Intemao- AI-se-bp IS-tem-cs
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t]mtI Hcp Imcy-hp-an-. Ub-dnbn \nv Is-Sp Ipdnv
B-lX
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n\pw kap-Zm-b-n\pw
kwL-S\
-
- p-sams ImemImew Zpjvt]cv hcppw hn[w
B-lXy sNm Xm-dm-hpsav Icp-Xp-Xv t]mepw
F{X-am{Xw A]-cm-[a
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\mv \m h[n hcp
JmZn-bpsS hyn-{]-`m-hnepw kzm[o\ in-bnepw
Akz-c
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Innb òj-Wn-
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\Ip kqN-\bpw AXm-Wv.
tcmK-]o-UI-fpsS hyY-Ifpw
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hI \Ip Cu Ip-]n-Sp-n. amc-Ia
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Xs Imv Xnp-sIm-n-cnpp Fv Xncn--dn-tm t]mepw A\m-Zr-iy-amb
at\m-ZmVyw {]I-Sn-n-n-cpp
JmZn. Xm A\p-`-hn-p
thZ-\-sb-p-dnv kn.-_n.sF
Xs ]d--X-\p-k-cnv,
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sNmsX Fmw Am-lphns hn[n-sbv hniz-knv
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{ian JmZn AXns t]cn
B-lXy sNbvXp Fv [cnp-X
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B-lXy sNbvXX
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k-Xn-m Xs AXn\v
thn ko-amb Cu
amKw kzoI-cn-t Hcp
Imcy-hp-an-tm? hj-f
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kz-ambn {]ta-l-n\v
Ckp-en Ipn-sh-m-dp,
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Ign-p-Itbm Xotc Ign-m-Xncn-p-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-s-n
Xs ac-Ws ]pIm-am-bncp-p. B ac-W-n Bcpw
Akzm-`m-hn-IX ImWn-m-bn-cpp. Cu tImem-le
-
- sfmpw
Dm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n-.
Fm, Cu hgn-I-sfms
Hgn-hmn hm[Iy kl-P-amb
_pn-ap-p-Ifpw tcmK-fpw
Xfn-bn-cp, \nv \nkvI-cnmt\m ]c-kl
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JmZn sshZyp-Xn-bn-m IqcmIq-cn-cp-p Idp hmhns
cm{Xn-bn, IS t]mepw D]tbm-Kn-msX, Bcpw AdnbmsX hon \nv ]pd-n-dn, hmXn ]pdv \nv
]qn, Xmtm 50 ao Ap-dap InW-n Fdn-v, Hcp
Intem-ao-t- dmfw GIm-\
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hSn-Ifpw tSmpsams IrXyambn ASpn shv, IS-entev NmSn B-lXy sNpI-bm-bn-cpp Fv IY sa\p-m-nbhcpsS `mh\m
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23
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24
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- am-b D--I--j-ns {]-Jym-]\-am-bn-cp-p C-Xn-eq-sS A-c-t-
ssh-Im-cn-Iam-b ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-
- p ta- kw-L
- s
- f-bpw kw-LS- \
- I-sfbpw ]-Wn-Xp-b
-
- p-h
-
- ^Xvl
- p a-sb Hcm-hn- IqsS
hm-bn-t-X
- pv. hn-izm-khpw \-bfpw A-Sn-t-
- n-p-X
- n-\v ]Icw {]-hm-NI
- a-m \n-hm-kn-Iv \-I
- nb-Xv \n-`
- b-Xzhpw C-ap-ff-Xv sX-cs
- -Sp-m-\p-ff
- A-hIm-ih
- p-am-bn-cpp.
dn-b-Xv...hn-izm-k-n-sbpw k--hn-[-am-b kzm-X-{y-n-sbpw km---eu-In-Iam-b {]-Jym]-\w..

Ncn-{X-n-s th-Zn-If
- n-
{]-Xy--s--Xn- G-hpw D-a k-aq-l-am-bn-cp-p {]-hm-N-ItXv. C-cp tem-Ipw hn-P-bn-\m-h-iy-am-b F-m Kp-W sImpw k--am-bn-cp-p
B k-aq-lw. ap-lm-Pn-dp-Ifpw
A-kzm-dp-Ifpw H-n-m-Wv am hnP-bw km-[y-am-n-b-Xv.
ln-Pvd sIm-p am{Xw a-X-ns h-f-- km-[y-am-hp-n-.
ln-Pv-dpw \p-kv-dpw k-tfn-p-tm- A-Xp-ey-am-b hn-h-- D-m-Ipp. am-{Xa-,
i-{Xp--fn- \npw k-p-Nn-XXz--fn- \n-pw lnPvd t]mhp--h-scbpw k- {]-h---\- ap-dp-sI ]n-Sn-p--hscbpw k-lm-bn-- hn-izm-knbp-sS \n--_n-X _m-[y-X-bmsW- k-t-iw B-h--n-pp-v ^-Xv-lp a-. H--I-n\p ta- X-e-Ip-\n-n-cp-v a-bn- {]-th-in- {]-hm-N-I ]d-bp-Xv hn-P-b--fn- A-l-cn-m-Xn-cn-m\pw A-ff
- m-lp-hn\v \-n sN-m-\p-am-Wv. A-f-fmlp-hn-s klm-b hm-Kv-Zm-\-hpw
a-m hn-P-bhpw P-\--fp-sS Cm-an-Im-t-jW
- hpw D-m-bm
ssZhn-I al-Xz tLm-j-Whpw
ssZ-h kv-Xp-Xnbpw \-n-{]-Im-i\hpw ]m-]-tam-N-\ {]m--\bpw(X-kv-_olv, X-lv-ao-Zv, CkvX
- n-K^
v- m-) D-m-hW
- s
- ah-v
kq-d
- p-k
- vd
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- m-lp
{]-hmN-It- \m-Sv I-]
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^Xvlp a
pp. hn-P-b--fn- a-Xn-a-dp- \mw ^-Xv-lp a--sb hmbn-t-n-bn-cn-pp.
apkvenw k-aq-lw A-Xyp-Ir-c
- m-sW-X
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^-Xv-lp a-. hn-ip- I-Av-_
A-ff
- m-lp-hn-s Xncp-t\m-nepw kw-c--W-n-ep-amsW-X
- n-s km-y-am-bn-cp-p
B-\--e-lw. B-\--e-l-n\p ti-jw A-f-fm-lp X-s `-h\-n-s hm-Xn-ep-I- Ah-s
{]-hm-N-I ap-n- kzm-K-X ]q-w Xp-d-n-p. A-s\ {]-hmNI-s k-aq-lw D-XvI
- r-c
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Fmw s]m-dp-s
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- r-X
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kz-X-kn-am-b H.-_n-.kn-cw
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A-Sn-t-
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a-Xn-bmhq. a-m hnP-bw C-man-Im-\p-jvTm-\--fp-sS Iq-Sn ]q-n-Ic
- W
- a
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h-sc A-{]m-]y-am-bn-cp- hn-ip l-n-s A-\p-jvTm-\ kmêyw ap-nw-I-v {]m-]y-ambXv ^-Xv-lp a--bn-eq-sS-bm-bn-cpp. {]hm-N-I-Xz-n-s Xm-
P-\m-Sv ap-gp-h A-hI

- m-i
- t- fmsS Xn-cn-p In-n-b-tm- Im--]-\nI-Xb
- p-sS th-ja
- W
- nbmt\m Kr-lmXp-cX
- z-n-s s\m-c
-
-
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shmt\m {i-an-p-X
- n-\p ]I-cw
Im-cy-sf bm-Ym-Yy t_m-[t- msS t\m-n-m-Wm-\m-bn-cp-p {]hm-NI
- {i-n-Xv.
tm- D-]t- bm-Kn-v I-Av_
- b
- psS hm-Xn-ep-I- Xp-d--v {]-hm-NI A-f-fm-lp \-In-b C-man-s sF-iz-cy ]q--am-b \n[n tem-I-n-\v {]m-]y-am-n.
A--X-bp-sS D-d-hn-S-- ASp I-f-p.X-tamhrX temIs ]pXn-b cm-P-]m-X-bn-eq-sS
ap-tm-v \-bnp. A-s\ ^-Xvlp a- am-\-hn-I N-cn-{X-n-
]pXn-sbm-cp bp-K-n-\v ]n-d-hntb-In.
ssZhn-I {K-hpw D--a
\n-b-a hy-h-bpw ssI-bn-eps- Xn-cn--dn-hm-bn-cp-p apnw-I-fpsS Du--w. A-h
Cpw ap-nw-I-fp-sS I-n-ep-v.
Z-i
- \
-
- f
- p-sS A-]c
- ym-]vXXtbm Zu--e`y-Xtbm A- \mw
t\-cn-Sp- A-\n-n-XX
- z--v
Im-cWw. \-p-sS X-s \n-jv-
{In-b-X-bm-hp-p \-p-sS X-I--bp-sS aq-e-Im-cWw. I-ss\c--cy-n-eq-sS, kz-ssc-Iy-neq-sS hen-b hn--h-- h-cpp. A-Xm-Wv ^-Xv-lp a--bp-sS
k-tiw.a-XP
- o-hn-Xs
- -p-dn-pf-f \n-W
- m-bI
- {]-iv\
-
- f
- n-
tkz--bp-sS hn-[nI-sf B-{i-bnt--Xn-s-v ^-Xv-lp a--bpsS c-P-X N-cn{Xw ]-d-bpp.ssZhn-I h-N-\--fp-sS A-Snm-\
- n- P-\
-
-
- n-Sb
- n-
hn-[n I--]n-h-, \o-Xn \ym-b-fp-sS B-I
- f
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-
- ,i-{XpX
sImtm sh-dp-v sImtm X-fp-sS ho-W
-
-
-
- v a-te-
- n-m-h
-
- A-hc
- p-tS-XmWv ^-Xv-lp a--sb- A-Xp-ey
hn-]v-fhw. A-f-fm-lp ]-d-bpp.
"k-Xy hn-izm-kn-I-sf, \n--
\o-Xn-v th-n \n-e-sIm-f-fp-h-cm-hp-I.H-cp P\-Xt- bm-Spf-f
hn-tZz-jw A-h-tcm-Sv \o-Xn ImWn-m-Xn-cn-m \n-sf t{]cn-n-m-Xn-cn--s.\n-- \o-Xn
]m-en-p-I; A-Xv `n-tbm-Sv G-hpw A-Sp--X-t{X. \n--fp-sS
{]-h
-
- \
-
- s
- f-p-dn-smw
kp-v-a--\m-W-mlp.' ^-Xvlp a--bp-sS A-\-iz-c-am-b kt-i-am-bn Cu kq--- ap-gn-sm-t-bn-cn-pw.
25
lnPvd
lnPvdx kXykmy-ns h-am-\w

lnPvd
PAv^ ]p-mWn
lnPvdx Ign-p. ]t, Ckvem-anI-am-b, {]kvXpX bm{X Ign-bm\pXmbn-cp-n- \apv. \mw

hniz-kn-p-Xv Ckvemw ka{Khpw Imen-Ih
- p-am-sW-n-cn-s,
lnPvdx Fs\ Imen-Ia
-
- m-Xm-bno-cpp F Nnv {]k-ntb-dp-Ib
- m-Wv.
26
Ckvemans Ncn-{X-]c
- a
- mb
AkvXn-Xz-ns {]Y-ahpw
Ahn-`m-Py-hp-amb AS-bm-fa
- mbn
\ne-sIm-p Hcp
_nphmWv lnPvdx. Ncn-{Xns apkvenw ] CSsf s\t-p `qXham\`mhn Imem-hn-jvIm-c
- fpsS t\tc-J. At\-I-am-bnn-Sncp kh _nw_-sfbpw \ntj-[nv GI-amb
Hcp i_vZs {]Xn-jvTn-pIbpw (emC-eml) a\p-jyXz
]qW-amb Hcp kqW-Xsb
(C-mlv) temIp apn
{]Xn-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNbvX
hy-amb AS-bm-f-ambn B
hnip ]em-b\w hne-bn-cp-s-Sp-p. hnImc
hnp_v[amb A-co-n Hcp ]cn-]qW Pns k{In-b-hpw AXn\nWm-bI
- hpamb Xocp-am-\ns ]n_-e-n
kl{kw hj-p apt
lnPvdx Hcp kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb
Hm-bmbnnS-p. Hcp
bYm hnizm-kn-bpsS
a\km-c--fn Hcp hn-hns Pzme-bmbn kn-th-inX-am-bn-cn-t Cu hnjbw
hmb-\p hnt[-ba
- m-p-tm
"lnPvd-bpsS Bfp-I' F
{]tbm-K
- ns Dmv
\s Ip-t_m-[-n-em-m-Xncn-n-. lnPvdx Ign-p.
]t, Ckvem-an-I-am-b,
{]kvXpX bm{X Ign-bm\pXmbn-cp-n- \apv. \mw
hniz-kn-p-Xv Ckvemw ka{Khpw Imen-I-hp-am-sW-n-cns, lnPvdx Fs\ Imen-I-am-Xm-bn-o-cpp F
Nnv {]k-n-tb-dp-I-bm-Wv.
Ckvem-an-IX
- b
- psS AS-bmfw
Ckvem-anI kwkvIr-XnbpsS AXyp-Zm--amb Hcp
{]Xo-I-ambn lnPd \ne-sImp-s
- X-s
- \-sbXv \ma-dnn-cn--Ww. "]em-b\w' F
Hcp kw hnim-emn D]-tbm-Kn-s
- -tS
Hcp kwK-Xn-bmWv. Hcp
lnPvd
apkvenw ]em-b-\w sNbvXp-sImt-bn-cn-W
- s
- a-mWv Ckvemans ho-Ww. Ahn-sS-bmWv
]em-b-\-N-cn-{X-ns _lp-apJ-amb hymJym-\
- sXfnp-h-cp--Xv. \_n- Xn-cp-ta\n(kz) \S-n-bXv cp
lnPvdI
- f
- m-bn-cp-p. Hm-atXv l_vi-bn-tepw cma-tXv bkvcn-_n-te-pw.
CXn cm-at- -Xn\v Ncn-{Xn kphn-ti-j-amb m\ap-m-bXv Nne \ntbm-K--fn-eqsS-bm-Wv. AXn-eqsS {]hm-NIXzw, Ckvem-anI P\m-[n-]Xyw, kmaq-lyL-S-\-bnse ]cnh\, Ckvem-ans
\nb-ak
- n-m-
- Fnh
in-s-Sp-Ib
- m-bn-cp-p.
XnIpw hnkva-bm-h-lhpw
Fm hn-hm-I
- h
- p-amb
ê- cq]-s Am-es-p-dnp Xs-bm-hWw
{]hm-NI Xncp-ta\n(kz)
Cs\ ]d--Xv: ""_ZA
Ckvemap Kco-_...'' Kco_v
F ]Z-ns {]Y-amw
"enkm-\p Ad_v' F
_rlXv \nL-p-hn "hnkvabn-n-p-Xv' FmWv \Inbn-cn-p--Xv. Ckvemw hnkvabn-n-p-sIm-t-bn-cn-pw.
Am-cWw sImv Xs-bmWv
lnPvdx am-p \nan--amb-Xv Fv hniz-kn-p--Xn
Akmw-K-Xy-ta-Xpan-. tIhew
ùXn-IX
- p thn-bm-bn-cp-ntm Ckvem-ans ]em-b-\sfmpw. \_n Xncp-ta\n(kz)p app-m-bn-cp
{]hm-NI hr-n ]ecpw
hnip-a
- mb ]em-b\
-
- f
- psS
hm-f
- m-bn-cp-sv
JpB \tmSptLmjnp-Xns\: ""Am-lp-hns
amK-n h-h\pw lnPvdx
sNp-Ib
- m-sW-n `qan-bn
[mcmfw A`b tI{-fpw
{]hn-im-e-Xbpw Ah ImWpw.
h-h\pw kz{Klw shSnv
Am-lp-hn-tepw Ahs
ZqX-\n-tepw ]pd-sv ac-W-aS-m Ah-\p {]Xn-êw
Am-lp-hn- nc-ambngnp. Amlp hfsc s]mdpp--h\pw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wy-I-\pamWv'' (hn.Jp: 4:100). lnPvdx
ka-Im-enI ]cn-
- n-Xn-bn
\psS Ghpw henb {]Xn-kn
]em-b\ hnap-JX
- b
- m-sWv sXfnbn-m AXn-_pntbm AXnss\-]p-Wytam Bh-iy-an-. GI\mb {kjvSm-hntep bm{Xsb
]Tn-m-\n-cn-p-tm- m\ns hmXm-b\
-
- aes
Xpd-s
- -Sp-Ibm-Wv. Cusbmcp
bm{X-sb-n kwkm-cn-h
- c
- mWv
bYmY hn.
Hcp {]Xn-_--am-h-cp-sX-mWv
Ckvem-ans Zi-\w. ka-ImenI ]cn--n-Xn-bn \psS
Ghpw henb {]Xn-kn
]em-b\ hnap-JX
- b
- m-sWv
sXfn-bn-m AXn-_pntbm
AXn-ss\-]p-Wytam Bh-iy-an. GI-\mb {kjvSmhntep bm{Xsb ]Tn-m\n-cn-p-tm- m\-ns
hmXm-b-\- aes Xpd-s-Sp-Ibm-Wv. Cusbmcp bm{Xsb-n kwkm-cn-h
- c
- mWv
bYmY hn. Ah ]dXv bm{X-bpsS Ah-km\w
Ah-\n-se-n-t-cm-\m-Wv.
AXmWv Bo-bX. Bmhns\ Adn-b-W-sa-n
At\Iw bm{X-I A\n-hm-cyam-sWpw Ccw key
{]bm-W
- f
- mWv a\p-jys
hn[n-\nW-bn-p-s
- Xpw
Ah ]d-p. C_v\p AYm-Dm-l
- n-Zcn(d)hns
hmp-I C{]-Im-ca
- m-Wv.
"Am-lp-hn-tev \osb-pI-sb-m, Ah-s\-kw-_
- p m\-n-tev \o
sNp tNc-em-Ip-p'.
C_v\p Jnw ]d-p: P\ cp hn`m-K-amWv:
t{ijvTcpw ZpjvScpw. t{ijT-scm Am-lp-hn-te-p
hgn-bd
- n-bp-Ibpw Atm-s-nt-cW
- s
- a Dt-iy-tmsS
AXn {]th-in--h-\p-amWv.
Ch {kjvSm-hn-s-bSp-
kam-Zc
- W
- o-b\
- mWv. Fm
Am-lp-hn-te-p hgn-b-dnbm-h
- ZpjvS\
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A`n-i]
- vX\
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A[ymanI m\-ns
{]hn-im-ea
- mb taJ-ebm-Ib
- m
hni-Zo-Ic
- W
-
- n\p apXnm
tIhew t]Pp-I A]-cym]vXambn-cnpw
hnip ]em-b\w: kmaq-lyL-S\ ]cn-hnXam-hpp
"asm aX-{]-hm-N-Imcpw
tN a\pjycmin-bpsS ta
sNep-nb kzm[o\w X\np
\S-nb hyn' FmWv
Xncp-\-_n(kz)sb History of the
intellectual development of Europe
F IrXnbpsS Imhv
Draper hnti-jn-n-n-cn-p-Xv, B ]qW a\p-jys {]bmW-n-eqsS, hnt[-bX
- ztam
Iogvhg
-
- tam Dsm-m-\mhm-Xn-cp Hcp A]-cn-jvIrX
ka-jvSnsb ]cn-h\ hnt[-
27
lnPvd
b-am-n-bXv Ncn{Xw A\p-kva-cnm-Xn-cn-p--sX-s\? ]]m-Xn-Xz-ns tIma-c
- f
- m-bncp Atd-_y kaq-l-ns
LS-\m-]-c-amb \ne-\n]ns\
Ahn-Sps bm{X-bn-eqsSbmWv
Xncp-\-_n(kz) shp-hn-fn--Xv.
Ckvem-anI kaq-l-ns bpKn-d-hnp kmyw hln-p-Xn\p apv Atd-_y P\-XbpsS kmaq-ln-I-amb A]-P-b-fpsS Ncn{Xw hniz-{]-kn-amb Ncn{X {K--fn-semw
Dt-Jn-X-am-Wv. AhnsS icnbmb _pntm Nntm
m\-ap-m-bn-cp-n-. kaq-l_-n-X
- f
- m-bn-cp knm- Nne A[n-Im-cn-Iv
X-fpsS Aò-jvSm-\p-kc
- Ww
\nan-m\pw kzoI-cn-m\pw
Xnc-kvI-cn-m\pap kzmX{yap-m-bn-cp-p. Ah-cpsS
CS-]m-Sp-I apgp-h\pw {Ia-c-lnX-f
- m-bn-cp-p. kaq-l
- ns
{]Y-am-[ym-b-amb hyn,
tIhew Poh-\p Hcp kwKXn-bmbn Npcp-n-tm-hp-Ibpw
imco-cn-Ia
- mb ]p-If
- nmsX
_unIamb CS-s]-Se
- p-I
Ah\v Akm-[y-am-hp-Ibpw
sNbvXn-cp- Hcp {]mIr-X-bp-Kam-bn-cpp AsXv apgp-h
Ncn-{X-Im-c
- mcpw {]kvXm-hnpp. Xs tZiw, Xs
tKm{Xw, Xs cmPyw Fnhsb Iq-p-ambn CW-ntv F hnim-e-Xp
]Icw "Ah-\-h' F Hcp
{]Ir-Xn-bm-bn-cpp kaq-ls
\nb-{n-n-cp--Xv. ]utcmlnXyw _pnsb A\-fn-tep \bn-p. a\pjy ioe Fp ]d-bm tbmKy-Xbp kz`mh hnti-j-W-fn \nv ImX- AI-sebm-bn-cpp Ah. AhnsS
{]hm-NI Xncp-ta-\n(kz) Hcp
hn-h-n\p \mn Ipdn-p-Ibm-bn-cp-p. IpSpw_ Pohn-Xn, {Ib-hn-{I-b
- f
- n,
Bcm-[-\m-{I-a--fn, Nnm-]-Xn-bn, BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\
- fn, _my-X-I-fn, D-c-hmZn---fn, \oXn-\ymb ]cn]m-e-\-n, P\m-[n-]-Xyhyh--bn XpSn kaq-lns apgp-h taJ-e-I-fnepw
am-ns Imv hoinb Hcp
28
hnip bm{X-bm-bn-cp-p
lnPvdx. "temINcn-{X-n
AXn-hn-in-jvT-amb Hcp hn-hsav' knZv A_p lk
\Zvhn CXns\ hnti-jn-n-pp.
am\p-jn-ssI-Iy-hpw
kzmX{yhpw
lnPvdm-\--cw, Ckvem-anI
{]t_m-[\ taJ-e-I {]uVamb Hcp mbn-bn-se-n-btm ]pXnb PohnX ssiensb-p-dnv ]cn-Nn-\w sNpI-bm-bn-cpp Xncp-\-_n(kz).
am-Po-hn-X
- ns t]mcm-bvaI \nI-m {ian-ptmgpw, {]hm-N-I-Xz-ns
BZy \m apX ]em-b\w
hsc-bp Ah-m--c
-
- sf
Xncp-ta-\n(kz) hne-bn-cp-p-Ibm-bncpp. Jpssd-in-If
- n
\np ]oV-\s adn-I-Sm kh-scbpw {]m]vX-cmp-Ibpw kzmX{yw F
am\p-jnI Nnv Du
\In-bp Hcp ]-Xnv
IpSpw_ Pohn-X
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- n, P\m-[n-]-Xy- hyh--bn
XpSn kaq-l
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taJ-eI
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hoinb Hcp hnip bm{X-bm-bn-cpp lnPvdx. "temINcn-{X-n
AXn-hn-in-jvTa
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\Zvhn CXns\ hnti-jn-n-p-p.
cq]w \Ip-Ibpw sNbvX

{]hm-NI
- (kz) hy-amb
Nne ey- m]n-pIbpmbn. cmPm-[n-Im-ct- am,
k-tm, hym]mctam Bbncp-n Xncp-Zq-X-cpsS eyw.
hnizm-kn-Iv ]oV-\-apnbpw CXc aX-p
Bhn-jvImc kzmX{yw
Xpw e`y-am-m-\p
hgn Is--ep-am-bn-cpp
AXv. AXmWv am\p-jn-ssI-Iyns ]qW-X. kXy-nsbpw sFIy-n-sbpw ]cn]qWX kzmX-{y-n IpSnsIm-p-p. Av apkvenw
Dv eo-I-cn-Xv {]t_m[\ kzmX-{y-am-bn-cp-p.
[manI kaq-l-ns D-chm-Zn-
- ]cn-]qW-ambpw
\nh-ln--s--tm-gmWv hjn-pdw AXv am hnPbambn ]cn-W-an--Xv.
kaImenI kml-N-cyn kzmX-{y-ns
hymJym-\
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bmYmYy-am-Wv. apkven-ans
sFUnnsb-m BhnjvImc kzmX-{y-ns Zm
F ]cp-h-ntev Fnsm-t-bn-cn-p-Ib
- m-Wv.
\apv kwLhpw kwL-t_m[hpw ]e-L-S-\-I-fp-v. Hmtcm
kwL in-Ipw X-fp-tSXmb Nnm-]--Xn-Ifpw kzmX{ym-hn-jvIm-c
- f
- p-ap-v.
]t, icn-tI-Sp-I-fpsS {]I-S-\]-c-Xp thn, kzX-{ynsbarXv ssIp-S
- b
- n-em-
lnPvd
m-\mWv an-h-cp-sSbpw {iasap ]d-bp--Xn Ip-t_m-[an-m-Xn-. Atm-gmWv kzmX{y-n\v A-{`wiw kw`hn-p--Xv. "apkven-aX' F
Hcp Xncn--dn-hp-sImv ]ecpw
\s BtLm-jn-p-Ib
- mWv
Cn-hn-sS. temIm-Sn-m-\n P\m-[n-]Xy hyh-Ifpw hnhn[ `c-WIqS ssienIfpw Ckvem-an-IX
- b
- psS
tahn-em-k
- f
- n kzmX-{yn\v thn {]tm-`--fpsS
temI-tv {]th-in-p
Hcp Ahm hntijw
apkvenw Nn-sb-s
kzm[o-\n-n-cn-p-p. Cs
apkvenw Nn atX-X-c-am-h-Wsap hmin-]n-Sn-p kwL-S\m-t_m-[a
- mWv icn-bmb kzX{y-ns AYs
A\Y-fn-se-n-X
- v. Camw
Kkm-en(-d) AS--ap {]K-a-Xn-I-fmb kmc-Yn-I, \psS
Nn-I aXm-[n-jvTn-Xa
- msWpw aX-n-\-p-d-tp knm--
ssZh\ntj-[a
- m-sWpw ]d-tm skp-ed
- n-ka
- mWv
bYmY kzmX-{y-sav hmZnm ss[cy-s-p-h--h
A]w ISp coXn-im-kv{Xs-bmWv Ah-ew-_n-X
- v.
AXv Hcp Xcw A]-Ij-t_m[-ns AS-bm-fa
- m-bn-cpp.
Ah sNbvXXv aXs IayqWn-kns Nnm coXn-I-fpambn Iqn-p-g-m {ian-pIbpw AXmWv apkvenw Nnsbv kaq-ls sXn--cn-np-I-bp-am-Wv. lnPvdx-bn-eqsS
e`y-amb kzmX{ys
ap\nn hmbn-p-tm-gmWv
CXv B`m-kI
- c
- a
- m-bncppshv \apv t_m[y-amhp--Xv. lnPvdx [ym\-n\pw
A[zm-\-n-\p-ap Hcp
kzm{y {]Jym-]-\-am-bn-cpp.
\psS kzmX-{y-ns Afhp-tIm tjmnwKv s^n-hep-Ifntepw dnbm-enn
tjmIfn-tepw Xncn-p-sh-n-cnp Ah-b
- mWv Cp-Xv. Ckvem-ans Bmhv
s\t-m \psS {ia-
A]-cym-]vXam-bn-op
Fm-WX
- n\Yw.
temIm-Sn-m-\
- n P\m-[n-]Xy
hyh-I
- fpw hnhn[ `c-WIqS
ssien-Ifpw Ckvem-an-IX
- b
- psS
tahn-em-k
- f
- n kzmX-{yn\v thn {]tm-`
- f
- psS
temI-tv {]th-in-p Hcp
Ahm hntijw apkvenw Nnsb-s kzm[o-\n-n-cn-p-p.
hnt[-bXz ]qWX
AXn-\n-kmc kwK-Xn-If
- psS
t]cn hj-t- fmfw t]mcSn Atd-_y hwi-P
\app ImWn-p-X-Xv AhcpsS kmaq-ln-I-amb hnt[-b-Xzan-m-bvab
- m-Wv. AX-hv
ANn-y-am-bn-cp-p-sh-X
- ns
sXfn-hm-Wv lnPvdx-v ap-p
Hukpw JkvdPpw Xn-ep
t]mcpw bphpw. Ah-cpsS
{]Ir-Xn-P\y kz`mh khn-tij-Xb
- m-bn-cpp AXv.
_vdp_v\p hmC-ensbpw,
XAve_v_v\p hmC-en-s-bp-anS-bn-ep-mb \m]Xv
hjs bpw Ncn-{X-n
Ip{]-kn--am-Wv. A]-cs
knm--n\v hnt[b-cmhpIsbXv Ahv Ak-l\o-b-am-bn-cp-p. ]t, {]hmNI Xncp-ta\n (kz) lnPvd-bneqsS ssZhn-I-amb Zi-\-tfm-Sp ]cn-]qW hnt[-bXzw
Ahsc ]Tn-n-p-I-bm-bn-cpp.
AXv bm{n-I-am-bn-cp-n-;
adnv bpn-k-lhpw {]mtbmKn-I-hp-amb hgn \S--ens
aq cq]--fm-bn-cp-p. ]emb\w sNbvXp-h kv{XoIsf

Xncp-ta\n (kz) Cs\
{]Xn FSp-nn-cp-p:
"Amlp Xs kXyw; Ah-\msX Hcp Bcm-[y\pw F\nn.' Rm `m-hn-t\mSv
]nWn h-h-f; asmcp
\mSp tXSn h-Xp-a;
kXyambpw, Cl-tem-Ia
-
Fs eyw; Am-lp-hnt\mSpw Ahs ZqX-t\m-Sp-ap
kvt\lw sImp am{X-amWv
Rm hXv; kXyw.' CXv
Bo-b-amb hnt[-b-Xz- `mh-amWv. CXv A\y-am-hp-Ibpw ùXnI--fmb ap ]e hnt[-b-Xzfpw \n-tev hp tNcpIbpw sNbvXtm XZ-\p-km-camWv \psS I a-e hnI-kn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv. B {]mtZ-inI
apkvenan\npw XpSn
Am-cmjv{S Xe-n-sen
\mw CXns\ hne-bn-cp-p-tmgpw C-c-n-ep hnt[-b-Xz-fpsS Htc ioep-Isf \apv
Zin-mw. BnI hnt[-bXzs \mw aqe[\-am-ptm \psS m\-sfbpw Nn-I-sfbpw \apv
hnI-kn-n-m-hp-X
- mWv. CXv
km[y-am-IW
- s
- a-n \mw
apt ]d [ym\-ns
kzmX{yw Xncn-d
- n-tb-X
- pv.
lnPvd: hnt[-b-s-S-ep-I
hgn-sbm-cn-n-bt- m AXns
in F{X-am{Xw hep-Xm-bncppshp sXfn-bn-p--
29
lnPvd
XmWv lnPvdms\-cw kam\p ^mcnkn (d) ]d
hmp-I t]jy-m-c\
- mb
At-lt- mSv Xs hwi]c-csbpdnv tNmZn-t- m,
aX-tm-Sp A\]-amb
Iqdv Atlw C-s\-bmWv
shfn-s-Sp-n-bXv: "Rm
Ckvemans aI-\mWv.'
C\nbpw Ah-cpsS hnt[-bXz
]q-Xsb Adn-bW
- s
- a-n
Jp-B-\nse kqw [mcm-f-amWv. aplm-Pn-dp-I-fpsS
Ahsb Amlp ]cmajn-p-Xv C{]-Im-ca
- m-Wv:
"AXmbXv kzw hoSp-Ifn\npw kzp-f
- n
\npw IpSn-sbm-gn-n-s
aplm-Pn-dp-If
- mb Zcn-{Zyv'
Ah Am-lp-hn\npw
A\p-{K-lhpw {]oXnbpw tXSpIbpw Am-lp-hn-s\bpw
Ahs dkq-en-s\bpw klmbn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ah
Xs-bm-Ipp kXy-hm-m.
(hn: Jp: 59: 8).
D]-cyp kqn aXn\v Iogvhg-nb aplm-Pn-dpIsf Amlp hnti-jn-n-pXv C-s\-bm-Wv: (1) Ah
Zcn-{Z-cm-Wv. (2) ]em-b\w
sNbvXh
-- cm-Wv (3)IpSn-sbm-gn-n-s--h-cm-Wv. (4) Ah
30
Ckvem-anI \nba kwln-XI

- f
- psSbpw aXm-\p-jvTm-\
- f
- p-sSbpw
{]mcw`w lnPvdm-\
- c
- a
- m-bn-cp-phtm. apkven-an\v th Zn\-Nc
- yIv amK-Zi\w \I-s-Xv
aZo-\b
- n shm-bn-cp-p.
As\ Ckvem-ans kpi-amb ASn-d AhnsS cq]-s-SpIbpw sNbvXp.
Am-lp-hns Xr]vXnbpw
A\p-{K-lhpw tXSp-p. (5)
Amlp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqXs\bpw klm-bn-p-p. (6)
kXy-{h-X
- m-cm-Wv.
lnPvd-bn \npw B[p-\n-IX-bn-te-p Zqcw
{]hm-NI Xncp-ta\n (kz)
bpsS hnip ]em-b\w Dn\v \Inb khn-ti-j-amb
Nne kwK-Xn-I-fpv: (1) icnbmb {]Xn-I-cW ti-jn. (2)
B-ss[-cyw. (3) ]c--cm-KXhpw aX-Io-b-hp-amb ASn-d. lnPvd Hcp Hfn-tm--a-sp
hne-bn-cp-p--Xn\v iIvXn
]I-cp Nne bYmYy--fmWn-h. A[man-IX
- t- bmSpw
Akmw-kI
v m-cn-IX-tbmSpw
Fs\ {]Xn-Ic
- n-W
- s
- av
Amlp hy-am-n-sm-Spp-I-bm-bn-cp-p lnPvdbneqsS.
aX \ntj[ in-I-tfmSv Gpap-mt\m [aka-c-n-tesSmt\m {]m]vX-c-m Hcp
kaq-l-ns BZy {]XnIcWam-bn-cp-p-shtm ]emb\w. AXv hnPb hgn-bn-tep {]Ya Ihm-S-am-bn-cp-p.
AhnsS \nmWv \ntj-[-tfmSv {]Xn-Ic
- n-m-\p
{]m]vXn apkvenw D-n\v
ssIh--Xv. _Zvdpw DlvZpw
JZ-Jp-samw AXns {]Xn^-e\
-
- f
- m-bn-cp-p.
Hcp apkvenans \ne\n]v temIv A\n-tj-[y-amsW Hcp t_m[n
\nmWv B ss[cyw DS-seSp-p--Xv. Hcp ]t,
lnPvdbpsS Ghpw apJy-amb
Hcp [\m-I hi-ambn \ap-Xns\ ]cn-KW
- n-m-hp-X
- m-Wv.
aplmPn-dpIpw Akzm-cnIpw Amlp kpc-nXz
t_m[w \Ip-Ibpw Ncn-{X-
n apspw Zin-m
hn[-ap Hcp kl-I-cW a\nXn Ah-cn kn-th-in-np-Ibpw sNbvXt- m
apkvenw F Ah-cpsS A`nam\ t_m[-n\v in-Iq-Sn.
Atm-gmWv Jp-B Ahv
kpIr-X
- f
- psS temIw
hmKvZm\w sNbvXXpw Ah
[z\n-n-p hN-\
-- AhXoW-am-bXpw. aplmPndnsbpw Akzm-dn-sbpw
Hmtcm AS-hpw A\-hpw
]noSv Ncn{Xw tcJ-s-Spm XpS-n.
Ckvem-anI \nba kwln-XI-fp-sSbpw aXm-\p-jvTm-\
- f
- psSbpw {]mcw`w lnPvdm-\--c-ambn-cp-p-htm. apkven-an\v
th Zn\-N-cy-Iv amKZi\w \I-s-Xv aZo-\b
- n
shm-bn-cp-p. As\
Ckvem-ans kpi--amb ASnd AhnsS cq]-s-Sp-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
C\n, ta kqNn-X--fmb
aqv bmYmYy-sf B[p-\nI-X-tbmSv tNp hmbn-ptm \mw Akzm-y-ns
Ccp-n-tev hoWp-t]m-hp-Ib
- mWv. ]pXnb temI {Ia-n
apkvenw kaq-l-n\v {]Xn-I-cWtijn \jvSs
- -Sp-Itbm icnb-m {]Xn-I-cW ssienIfneqsS \psS Duw
]mgm-hp-Itbm BWp-m-bX
- v.
kXy-km-y-ns hnfn-bmfw
tIhew kt-f-\--fmbn NpcpmsX XpSNe-\
- f
- p-m-tXv \mw Xs-bm-Wv. \psS
B-ss[cyw tNmcp-Xv \madn-bm-sX-bm-Wv. ImcWw \mw
òXn-Xa
- mb A-co-
- n
Pohn-p-t- Xm-sSmw aX-Io-bamb Zmi-\n-IX \apv A\yam-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. AhnsS
]tc-Up-Itm sXcp-hp-\m-SI
- tm A {]k-n.
lnPvd-bn \npw Bhm-ln
Cuam-\nI {]`m-h-n\v am{X-amWv.
Ah-\-hs\ ap-^-bn-sen-p-I. / aXw apgp-h
Ahn-Sp-m-Ipp / Ahn-Sp-ts-m--sXmw / A_q-e-l_n-te-m-sW-p-X
- v.
CJv_m, Aa-Kms\
CPm-k.v
lpssZ-_nb
lpssZ-_nb; \b X{--XbpsS
{]hm-NI kmyw
lpssZ-_nb
im^n lpZhn Ippw-]pdw
{]hm-NI ZuXy\n-lW Ime-L-n AXp-eyhpw \nWm-bI

- hp-am-b hgn-n-cn-hm-bn-cpp
lpssZ-_nb kn. kap-Zm-b
- n\v Fm-epw ]Tnm\pw Nnnm-\pw Dsm-m-\p-ap
A\-h[
- n ]mT- DsIm-XmWv Cu Icmdpw AXns ]m-ehpw AXns appw ]npap kw`-hh
- n-Im-k
- fpw.
{]hm-NI ZuXy\n-lW
Ime-L--n AXp-eyhpw
\nWm-b-I-hp-am-b hgn-n-cn-hmbn-cpp lpssZ-_nb kn.
kap-Zm-b
- n-\v Fm-epw
]Tnm\pw Nnn-m-\pw
Dsm-m-\p-ap A\-h-[n
]mT- DsIm-X
- mWv Cu
Icmdpw AXns ]m-ehpw AXns appw ]npap kw`-h-hn-Im-k-fpw.
Zo\ns ]qo-Ic
- W
- hpw
hnip tKl-n-sbpw {]hmN-cp-sSbpw kwc-W
- hpw
Amlp Gs-Sp--Xm-Wv.
kap-Zm-bhpw AXns kw-L-inbpw bp-]m-Thpw Imb-_ehpw \b-X-{--Xbpw
tIhew \nanw am{X-am-sWp D-ea
- mb kt-ia
- mWv
kap-Zmbw DsImtXv.
kap-Zmbw aps-p-an-m
hn[w Ac-n-Xm-h-bpw
Znim-t_m-[a
- n-b
- vabpw t\cnSp h-am\ Imev Cu
Icm Imen-I-amb ]p\hmb\
Aln-p-pv.
]mew
{]hm-N-Icpw kzlm-_n-Ifpw
\n`-b-cmbpw Xeap\w
sNbvXpw akvPn-Zp ldm-an
{]th-in-p-X
- mbn {]hm-NI
--
kz]v\w Ip. CXns\
XpSv lnPvd Bdmw hjw
{]hm-N-I Bbn-c-n\m\qdv
kzlm-_n-I-fp-ambn Dwd \nhln-m abntev ]pd-sp. Zplpsse-^-bn Fnb
{]hm-N-I Dwdv Clvdmw
sIp-Ibpw _en-ar-K
- sf
Xm-dm-p-Ibpw, Jpssd-in-IfpsS \ne-]m-S-dn-bm JpkmA
tKm{X-m-c-\mb Hcp Nmcs\
a-bn-te--b-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Dkv^-m F {]tZi-n-\S- p-s-n-bt- m
Nmc Xncnv hcn-Ibpw Jpssdin-I {]hm-N-I-cpsS BK-a\w
Adn-spw Ah {]hm-N-ItcmSv bpw sNm\pw ld-an
{]th-in-m A\p-h-Zn-m-Xn-cnm\pw ]-Xn-bn-Sp hnhcw
{]hm-N-Is\ [cn-n-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. AhnsS \nv ]pd-
31
lpssZ-_nb
sv k\n--p andm-dn-sen-bt- m {]hm-NI

- c
- psS
HIw app-Ip-n.
CXv {]hm-N-I a-bn
{]th-in-p-I-bn-spw hgnbn shv Jpssd-in-I-fp-ambn
kn sNp-sa-p kqN-\bm-bn-cp-p.hnhcw Adn
Jpssd-in-I `b-NI
- n-Xc
- m-bn.
R bpw sNm h-hsc-pw adnv Dwd \n-ln am{X-amWv BK-at\mtiy-sa kt-i-hp-ambn {]hmN-I Dkvam(d)s\ a-bn-te-b-p.
hgn-at[y Dkvam(d)
sIm-sp F hm
{]hm-N-I tIp. DSs\ {]hmN-I Xs A\p-bm-bn-Isf
ss_Av sNm hnfnpIqp-Ibpw Ah Jp-B\n ]cm-ain--s acns Nph-n shv Hcnepw ]nm-dmsX i{Xp-tfmSv bpw sNp-sav {]hmN-It- cmSv Icm sNp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. BZy-ambn ss_Av
sNbvXXv Da(d)Bbn-cp-p.
Jpssd-in-I {]hm-NI
- t- cmSv
kwkm-cn-p-X
- n-\mbn Ad-_v
{]amWn Dh-p_v\p akv-DuZns\ Ab-p. Xncn-p-h
Dh Xm I Img-N-I
Bcyw A]w t]mepw
tNmcm `mj-bn hnh-cn-p:
Rm Inkvd-sbbpw ssJk-dns\bpw \Pm-in-sbbpw kinnp-v. apl--Zns\ A\p-bmbn-I _lp-am-\n-p-Xv
t]mse Hcp hn`mKw Ah-cpsS
cmPm-hns\ _lp-am-\n-p-Xv
Rm In-n-. {]mhm-N-IcpsS I^w FSpv apJv
32
]pc-p-Ibpw hpfqAv sNbvX

shn\v thn iWvT IqSpIbpw _lp-am\w ImcWw
hfsc ]Xn kzc-n
kwkm-c
- p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cpp.
Imcy- IqSp-X IqSpX hj-fm-hpp F kXyw
Jpssd-jn-I Xncn--dn-n-ncp-p. Ah Awdp_v\p
kpssl-ens\ knkw-`m-jW-n-\mbn {]hm-NI
- cpsS
ASp-tv Ab-p.
BapJ kw`m-jW
-
- n\v
kpssl Xs XpS--an-p.
Ccp Iqp-an-S-bn kn
BIm-sa kpsslens
Bhiyw AwKo-I-cn {]hm-NI Aen (d) s\ hnfnv Icm
F-gp-Xm Bh-iy-sp.
""dlvam\pw dlo-ap-amb Amlp-hns \ma-n FgpXq''
DS kpssl CS-s]-p. ""Cu
]d dlvam R Adnbn. Xm apv Fgp-Xn-bn-cpXv t]mse Am-lpth
\ns \ma-n Fs-gp-XpI.'' tijw {]hm-N-I
]dp: CXv Am-lp-hns
ZqX aplZv Icm
sNppshvv Fgp-Xp-I.
kpssl hopw CS-s]-p.
Inkvdbpw ssJkdpw Ah-cpsS

A\p-bm-bn-hr-sbpw
km{amPyhpw X-fpsS Ic-he
- b
- n HXp-n-bn-cppshn
Xs A\p-bm-bn-If
- psS a\-v
Iog-S
- nb {]hm-NI
- temI-Nc
- n{X-ns KXn amn adn-p.
Xm Am-lp-hns ZqX
BsWv Adn-ba
- m-bn-cp-sn R Xmsf XS-bp-ambn-cp-n-. A_vZp--bpsS aI
apl-Zv Fv am{Xw Fgp-Xp-I.
\n hn-iz-kn-n-s-nepw
Rm Am-lp-hns ZqX
Xs-bmWv dkq (kz)
BW-bn-p.
Icmdnse DS--Sn-I C{]Im-ca
- m-bncpp:
1. -{]-hm-N-I Cu hjw
Xncnv t]mhp-Ibpw A-Sp
hjw hv Dwd \nh-ln-pIbpw sNp-I.
2. ASp hjw hcptm km[m-cW bm{X-m-cs\-Sp-p Dd-bn-en hmfmsX asmcm-bp-[hpw apkvenwIp-fpsS In-ep-m-h-cp-Xv.
3. a-bn \nm-sc-nepw
aZo-\-bn hm Ahsc aZo\-bn-tev Xs Xncn--b-Ww. aZo-\-bn \nv a-bn-tem-sc-nepw hm Ahsc
Xncn--b-n-.
4. apkvenw-Ifpw Jpssd-inIfpw FXn-cm-fn-Isf _-\m-p-Itbm N-e
- nSpItbm
sN-cp-Xv.
5. ]v hj-n\v ]ckv]cw bpw sN-cp-Xv.
6. {]hm-N-I-cpsS
kJyIn-If
- mbn kn-bmhp tKm{X-sf Jpssd-inIfpw Jpssd-in-If
- psS
kJyIn-If
- mb tKm{X-sf
{]hm-N-Icpw D]-{Z-hn--cp-Xv.
kzlm-_
- ns \ne-]m-Sv.
{]hm-N-Icpw kpsslepw
Icm ]qn-bm-n-sm-ncp ka-b-m-Wv A_q P
Imen N-e-bp-ambn abn \nv c-sv AhnsS
Fn-b-Xv. A_q P-ens\
Icm {]Im-cw Xncn-b
-
- W
- sav kpssl \n_w
]nSn-p. \nhrntISv ImcWw
{]hm-N-I hg-n. A_q Pens\ Icm Imcyw ]dv a\n-em-p-Ibpw {]Xn-êw
Imwnv a- ssI-sImm\pw {]hm-N-I Bh-iysp. Cu kw`hw {]hm-NIs a\-n Bg-n
X-ta]n-p. Da(d) {]hm-NIs\ kao-]nv Imcy-a-t\zjn-
lpssZ-_nb
p. ""\ kXy-Zo-\ns BfpIfpw Xm- Am-lp-hns
ZqX-\pam-bnv Fn-\mWo \nyX \apv ? {]hm-N-I
]dp: ""Rm Ahs ZqX
Bb-Xn-\m Ahs\ Rm
A\p-k-cn-m-Xn-cn-n-. Ah
Fs klm-bn-pw Xo''
Icm-dn\v tijw {]hm-N-I
kzlm-_n-It- fmSv Clvdman
\nv hnc-an-m-\pw arK-sf
Adp-m\pw Bh-iy-sp.
kw`h KXn-I-fn \ncmi ]q
kzlm-_n-I IAv_ Xzhm^v
sNm\p B{Klw \SmsX t]mb-Xn hnj-c
- m-bncp-p. Ah \nt-Sv \nv
A\-n-bn-. Dp kea (d)
bpsS D]-tZi {]Imcw {]hm-NI kzbw Clvdmw Agn-pIbpw arKs Adp-p-Ibpw
apSn ap\w sNm Bsf
hnfn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtXmsS kzlm-_m- Imcy-
DsIm-pIbpw a\-anm a\tm-sS-bm-sW-nepw Ah
Fmw A\p-k-cn-p. Icm-dn-
]cm-ain-m--Xn-\mepw JpB-s {]tXy-I \ntZiapXn-\mepw {]mh-N-I a-bn
\nv h apkvenw kv{XoIsf
Xncn--b-n-.
{]hm-NI
- c
- psS t- \-Xr-Xzw.
]hm-N-IcpsS hyn-{]-`mhhpw t\Xr-]mShhpw A\p-bmbn-If
- n kam-\X
- I
- f
- n-m
AwKo-Im-chpw _lp-am-\hpw
ka-W t_m[hpw t-\-Sn-sb-Spn-cp-p. Ad_n {]amWn
D {]hm-N-I-cp-ambn Xm \Sn-b IqSnmgvNnS-bn
t_m[y-s Cu kXyw Jpssdin-Isf Xcy-s-Sp-n.
Inkvdbpw ssJkdpw Ah-cpsS
A\p-bm-bn-hr-sbpw
km{amPyhpw X-fpsS Ic-h-eb-n HXp-n-bn-cppshn
Xs A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS a\-v
Iog-S-nb {]hm-N-I temI-Ncn-{X-ns KXn amn adn-p.
Iihpw ]cpj-hp-amb _Zhn-I-fpsS s]cp-am--n\v
apn Hcp {]hm-N-I\v am{Xw
km[n-p abpw kl\hpw ImWn-p.
{]hm-N-I Dwd \nh-l-Wn\v ]pd-s hnhcw
apkvenw-I aps-p-an-m Acn-Xm-h t\cnv sImn-cn-p

Cm-ev lpssZ-_nbm k
- nbn \nv Ahv ]eXpw ]Tnm-\p-v. ]c-temI Pohn-Xa
- mWv
{][m\w F ktiw hnizmkn
DsIm-p ]w GXv {]XnknL-nepw ka-Nn-X
ssIsh-Sn-bmsX t\cn-Sm-\p
\n`-bXzhpw Ah\v e`n-pw.
Adn Nne Ad_n tKm{X Jpssd-in-Isf klm-bnm thn a-bn-tev
t]mbn. hnh-c-a-dn {]hm-NI Ah-cpsS {]tZ-i-fn
B{IaWw \S-p-X
- ns\
Ipdn-pw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_sf _n-If
- m-p-X
- ns\
Ipdnpw kzlm-_n-I-fpsS A`n{]mbw Bcm-p. Dwd \nhl-W-n\v ]pd-s--h hgnbn B{I-aWw \S-p--Xnep Xs FXnvv kznoJv
(d) adv shn-. {]hm-N-I
kznoJv(d)s A`n-{]mbw
kzoI-cn-p.
Jpssd-in-If
- p-ambn Icm
FgpXn ]qo-I-cn--Xn\v
tijw {]hm-N-I kzlm-_n-ItfmSv Clvdmw Agn-m\pw
_enAdp-m\pw apSn-I-f-bm-\pam-h-iy-s-p. Bn-p-d-mnb kzw \mn Imev
Ipm\pw hnip tKlw
hebw sNm-\p-ap A[ayamb B{K-l-hp-ambn ]pds kzlm-_n-I taml-`wKw
ImcWw AXn\v ssha-\kyw
ImWn-p. {]hm-N-I Aa
ImWnp-Itbm tIm]n-jvS\
- mhp-Itbm sNmsX {]nb
]Xv\n Dp ke-a-bp-ambn IqSnbm-tem-N\ \Sn. Ah-cpsS
\ntZi {]Imcw Ahn-Spv
kzbw Clvdmw Agn-p-Ibpw
_en \Ip-Ibpw apSn Ifbm Bsf hnfn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Bibpgw Xo
kzlm-_n-I {]hm-N-Isc
A\p-k-cn-p. apgp-h kzlm_n-If
- p-sSbpw Xm]cyw
l\nv Jpssd-in-I-fp-ambn Icmdn-teXv Am-lp-hns
{]tXyI \ntZ-i{- ]-Im-ca
- m-bn-cpp.
Icm ]me-\hpw ewL-\-hpw
ISp- {]Xn-k-n-I
t\cn-m-sW-nepw apkvenw-I
{]hm-N-I sNbvX Icm
]men-p-X
- n bmsXmcp
Aam-hpw ImWn-n-. A_q
PZ-en-s\bpw A_q _kzo-dns\bpw a-bnse Incm-X-cpsS
ASp-tv Xs Xncn--b-p.
aZo-\-bn-tev Xncnv t]mXn\v tijhpw X Xncn-b ktlm-Zc
-
- s
- f-p-dn-p
Zp:J Ah-sc hymIp-e-sSpnsmn-cp-p. {]Xy-n Xopw Xv
{]Xn-Iq-ea
- m-bn-cp
Icmdntes-Xv Am-lp-hns\bpw dkq-en-s\bpw
]mc{XnI Pohn-Xhpw
Hmmbn-cpp.
Jpssd-in-Iv Ah-cpsS
Zpc-`n-am-\w am{X-am-bn-cpp Icmdn-tes-Sp--Xn-\p tlXpIw. {]hm-N-I Dwd \nh-l-Wn\v ]pd-s- hnhcw Ahsc
NIn-Xl
- r-Zb
- cpw A-kz-c
- p-amn. apkvenw-Isf XS-bmt\m
]nn-cn-n-mt\m D
inbpw a\--cppw
Xn-sv Ahv \
t_m[y-ap-m-bn-cp-p. apkvenwI Dwd \nh-ln-m X-fpsS _e-lo-\-X-bm-sWv av
Ad_v tKm{X- [cnpsa Nn Zpc-`n-am-\n-I-fmb
Jpssd-in-I-fpsS Ddw sISpn. Cu {]Xn-kn XcWw
sNm Ah Is-nb
t]mwh-gn am{X-am-bn-cpp Cu
Icm. Cu temIs \nc-
33
lpssZ-_nb
I-amb t]cpw {]ikvXnbpw
kpJm-Vw-_c
- h
- p-amWv Ah-cpsS
a\-n-ep-m-bn-cp-X
- v.
{]hm-NI
- s kwc-W
-
- nembncp JpkmA
tKm{Xs Jpssd-in-If
- psS
kJy-I
- n-If
- mb _\q-_
A{Ianp. AXn\v Jpssd-inI t{]mm-l-\hpw klmbhpw \In. hnh-c-a-dn
{]hm-NI
- c
- psS tIm]-]m-ch
- iyw
BCim _ohn-sbbpw knoJv
(d)s\bpw A-kz--cm-n.
CtXmsS Icm s]mfn-bp-Ibpw
Fv hnesImSppw JpkmA
tKm{Xs kwc-n-p-sav
{]hm-N-I i]-Yw sNbvXp.
_m_cn akvPnZv XIv hoWtm apkvenw kaq-l

- n A-cn-Xm-h krjvSn-m Acbpw
Xebpw apdp-n Cdnpd-s-h {]hm-NI Ncy ]Tn-t-X
- p-v.
apkvenw-Isf kw_-n-n-Stmfw
Ghpw kp{]-[m-\a
- mb a-bnse
hnip tKl-ns kwc-W
- amWv {]hm-NI
- c-cl
- nX hnh-n-eqsS \S-n-bX
- v.
h-am\ Imew.
""Xs ZqXs\ kXy-Zo\pw
kmK-hp-am-bn \ntbm-Kn-Xv
Ah-\m-Ipp-. AXns\ kIe
Zo\n-s\-m-fpw hnP-bn-n-p-Xm-Wv_lp ssZhm-cm-[Iv
AXv F{X Ak-ly-am-sWnepw icn''(kqd:A-zm^v.9)
Cu kq-n hy-amnb t]mse Zo\ns hnPbhpw {]hm-N-Is kpc-n-XXzhpw Amlp Gs-Sp--XmWv. hnizm-kn-Iv Ah-cpsS
_pnbpw inbpw DuP-hpsams tIhew \nanw
am{X-am-Wv. apAvXXv bp-th-fbn i{Xp-fpsS _mlpeyw
Iv `bv klmb
ssk\ys Imn-cn-mt\m
bp-cw-Kv \nv ]nm-dmt\m
34
Btem-Nn-t- m A_vZp-mln_v\p dhm-l ]d-p:"" Cu

Zo Imc-Wa
- m-bn-mWv \mw
i{Xp-sf ]cm-Pb
- s
- -Sp-p-Xv. \psS B_-etam
ssk\nI intbm A
\apv CXv hsc hnPb
{]Zm\w sNbvXX
- v.
apkvenw-I aps-p-anm Ac-n-Xm-h t\cnv
sImn-cn-p Cm-ev
lpssZ-_nbm -k-nb--n \nv
Ahv ]eXpw ]Tn-m-\p-v.
apkven-ambn Pohn-p-Xv
ImcWw henb IjvS
- m-Sp-If
- pw
_pn-ap-p-I-fpw Ahv klnt-n-h-cpw. ]c-temI Pohn-XamWv {][m\w F ktiw
hnizmkn DsIm-p ]w
GXv {]Xn-knL-nepw
ka-Nn-X ssIsh-Sn-bmsX
t\cn-Sm-\p Icppw \n`bXzhpw Ah\v e`n-pw. i{Xphns hnP-bhpw ]cn-lm-khpw
tIhew ss\an-jn-Ihpw Ahkm\ hnPbw kXyhnizmknbptS-Xp-am-bn-cn-p-sa t_m[w
Ah-\p-m-hpw.
Cdm-Jnepw A^vKm-\n-m\nepw Iivao-cnepw XpSn
temI-ns GXp `mKpw
apkvenw kaqlw {]Xn-k-nIv at[y BWv. Amlp
Dt-in-m kI-eXpw \nan-jIw Cm-Xm-m Ignbp-sapw Ahs CwKn-X-anmsX temIv Hcp
inpw Xsf D]-{Z-hnm Bhn-s kXyw
hnizmkn kaqlw DsIm-Ww. lpssZ-_nb Icm
apkvenw-Iv FXn-cm-sWv
hn[n-sb-gp-Xn-sb-nepw henb
t\-am-bmWv ]cy-hk
- m-\n-X
- v.
{]Xn-knL-f
- n `bNInX-cm-hp-Xpw hgn-hnv s]cp-am-
dp--Xpw t\Xr-Xz-n\v A\pk-cW

- t- Sv ImWn-p-Xpw
hnizm-knv tN-X-.
_m_cn akvPnZv XIv hoWtm apkvenw kaq-l-n
Iq-Sp-X A-c
- n-Xm-h
krjvSn-m Acbpw Xebpw
apdp-n Cdnpd-s--h
{]hm-NI Ncy \mbn ]Tn-t-Xp-v. _m_cn akvPnZv
Cy apkvenw-Isf kw_n-n- Stmfw hne-aX
- n-m-\mhm ss]XrI k-m-bncppsh-n ]cn-ip abnse hnip tKlw apkvenwIfpsS Ghpw {][m-\-s
XomS\ tI{-amWv. aZo-\bn {]hm-N-I apkvenw
cmjv{Sw m]nv am apivcnp-Isf t\cn-Sm\pw ]cm-P-b-sSp-m\pw Xv in-bpsv sXfn-bn-X
- n\v tijhpw
IAv_b
- psS kwcWw
_nw_m-cm-[I
- c
- psS In-em-bn-cpp-. Dwdv ]pd-s {]hm-N-ItcmSv Jpssd-in-I kn-bm-bXn\v Imc-Ww `b-ambn-cp-p .
Fnpw {]hm-N-I IAv_
IogSmt\m a-bn Xncn-smt\m [rXn ImWn-n-.
apkvenw kap-Zm-b-n\pw
Zo\n\pw BXy-nI hnP-bhpw
kam-[m\hpw \Ip \ne-]mSmWv t\XrXzw ssIsmtXv. _m_cn ]n-bpsS
kwc-W
-
- n-s\v ]d-v
apkvenw-Isf hnImc`-cn-X-cmn
IqSp-X {]Xn-k
- n-bn-tev
Xn hnSp-Xv icn-b-.
\apv km[y-am-bXv \nh-lnm-\mWv Jp-B Hm-s-Spp-X
- v. Akm-[y-am-bXv
sNm ]w \mw inv
Al-cm-hp-I-bn-. Am-lp-hnep AN-e-amb hnizm-kamWv apkven-ans in. {]XnknL-f
- n Ah-t\mSv
klmban-p-Ibpw Ah\n icWw {]m]n-p-Ibpw
]c-temI KpWw B{K-lnv
an-p-I-bp-amWv Ah\v KpWI-cw. hgn-hn amK- kzoIcn-p-Itbm \ncm-ic
- m-hp-Itbm
sNmsX Ay-hn-Pb
-
- n
hnizm-k-anv kzw \yq\-XI hne-bn-cpn, ]cnl-cnv
IqSp-X I \nc-X-cm-hp-IbmWv kap-Zmb ZuXyw.
\_n-Zn-\m-tLmjw
\_n-Zn-\m-tLmjw;
Cam-ap-am-cpsS ho-W-n
\_n-Zn-\m-tLmjw
tUm.-Xzmln-dp JmZncn
\_n (kz)tbmSv kvt\lw {]I-Sa

- mp-X
- n kzlm-_n-am-cn XpSnb Ckvem-anI kaqlw ImemImew ]ecoXn-If
- mWv kzoI-cn-Xv. \_n(kz)sb ùXn-Ihpw
BnIhpamb apgp-h Imcy-fnepw kqW-ambn
A\pIcnp-Is
- b coXn
A_vZp-m-ln_v\p Da(d) kzoIcn-p.
Ay-{]-hm-N-I Xncp-\_n(kz)sb kz-t-m

kvt\ln-m IS-s-h
- c
- mWv
kXy-hn-izm-kn-I. \_n
(kz)tbmSv kvt\lw {]I-Sa
- mp-X
- n kzlm-_n-am-cn
XpS-nb Ckvem-anI kaqlw
Imem-Imew ]ecoXn-If
- mWv
kzoI-cn--Xv. \_n(kz)sb
ùXn-Ihpw BnIhpamb
apgp-h Imcy--fnepw
kqW-ambn A\pIcnp-Isb coXn {]apJ kzlm-_n-hcy lkvdv A_vZp-mln_v\p Da(d) kzoI-cn-p.
{]apJ ]n-X\pw aZvl_ns Cam-ap-amb amen-In_v\p
A\kv(d) ]qWamb _lpam\ {]I-S\
-
- n-eqsSbmWv
kvt\lw tcJ-s-Sp-n-bX
- v.
hnip aZo-\-bn sNcnv D]tbm-Kn-msX \Spw tXfns
Iptv ISp thZ\ A\p-`h-s--tmgpw lZokv A[ym]\w \nmsX XpSpw
Atlw {]hm-NI
- k
- vt\-lns Adn-bs
- amXr-Ib
- mbn. Alvepss_ns\
kvt\lnp sImmWv \psS

Camw im^n(d) Xncp-kvt\-lns amXr-I- Imn-bX
- v.
kzlm-_n-h-cy-\mb lm\p_v\p km_npw(d) {]apJ
lZokv ]n-X\
- mb Camw
_qkzocn(dlv..)bpw hnJym-Xamb Imhy- sNmn Xncp\_n kvt\lw hWm-`-amn.
\_n(kz)bpsS P-Zn\w
BtLm-j]
- qw \S-s
- Sp coXn Bcw-`n--Xn\p
tijw Cam-apamcpw ]n-Xmcpw Cu BtLm-jc
- o-Xnsb
A\p-Iq-en-p-Ibpw {K-c-N\bpw auenZv cN-\bpw \Sn
Cu BtLm-j
- ns `mK-amhpI-bpw sNbvXp. Ah-cn
Nne-cpsS ho-W- Xmsg
hnh-cn-mw. (hn-h-I)
1, Camw Pem-ep-o\nzpbqYn(d)
Camw kzpbqYn(d)
lpkv\p aJvkzZv ô Aaen auenZv F {Kw
\_n-Zn-\m-tLmjw kw_ambn Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v. B
{K-n Atlw tcJ-s-Sp-
35
\_n-Zn-\m-tLmjw
p-p: "P\- Hcp-anv IqSn

A]w JpB HmXp-I,
\_n(kz)bpsS krjvSn, dqlv
kw_-ambn h lZo-kpI P-k-a-bv kw`-hn
ZrjvSm-- Fnh hnh-cnp-I, tijw `Ww Ignm kp{] hncn-p-I. CXn
IqSp-X-sem-p-an-msX ]ncnp-t]m-hpI. Cu coXn-bnep auenZv Ign- ]pXnb
BNm-c
- f
- n s]-Xm-Wv.
\_n(kz)bpsS P-Zn-\
- n
ktm-jhpw B\-hpw {]ISn-n-p-I, \_n(kz)bpsS
m\w BZ-cn-pI Fo
Imcy- D-Xn-\m CXv
\nln-phv {]Xnêw \I-sSpw.'
2, apm Aen-p Jmcn(d)
{]ikvX lZokv {K-amb
anivImns ilv anJmXp a^mXolns Imhv
apm Aen-p Jmcn
Aaucn-Zpd-hnv ô auen-Zn-_nv(kz) F {Kw cNnp. d_o-D Aens alXzw, \_n(kz)bpsS {]hm-NIXzw, \_n(kz)bpsS alXzw,
CuPn]vXv, kndn-b, kvs]bn,
a, aZo\ XpS-nb e-fnse auenZm-tLmjw Chsbmw Atlw Cu {Kn hni-Z-ambn hnh-cnnpv.
3, Camw C_v\p Pukn(d)
(h^mv, lnPvd 579)
{]apJ lZokv ]n-X\mb C_v\p Pukn(d)
Aaoem-Zp-_
- h
- nv F
{K-n ]d-bpp: "Ccp
ld-ap-I-fnepw CuPn-]vXv, ba,
36
imw ap Ingpw ]Sn-mdpap Ad_v \mSp-I-fn-ep-ap-h \_n(kz)bpsS P-Zn-\am-tLm-jn-p-Ibpw d_o-D

A amkw ]nd-p--tXmsS
ktm-jn-p-Ibpw
\_n(kz)bpsS auenZv
tIp-X
- n\pw HmXp-Xn\pw \ {]m-[m-\yw \IpIbpw AXn-eqsS al-Xvhn-Pbhpw h{]Xn^-ehpw t\Snsm-n-cn-p-p.'
4, Camw iwkp-o A
Pkvcn(-d) (h^mv lnPvd 660)
\_n(-kz)-bpsS ]nXr-hy\pw
Ahn-izm-kn-bp-am-bn-cp A_qe-l-_n\v \_n(-kz)-bpsS Pn kp-jvS\
- mbn
kpssh_ F ASna
kv{Xosb tamNn-nXp
ImcWw Xn-fmgvN cm{Xn-If
- n
\cI in eLq-I-cn--s-Spsav {]kvXm-hn-X
- n\ptijw
Camw iwkp-o A Pkvcn(d) ]dbp--Xmbn Camw kzpbqYn(-d) D-cn-p-p: "Jp-B\n Bt-]n--s Ahnizm-kn-bmb A_q-el
- _
- n\v
\_n(-kz)-bpsS P-n
ktm-jn-Xv ImcWw(\-cI
- n) {]Xn-êw \I-s-Sp-
A_q-el
- _
- n\v \_n(-kz)-bpsS
P-n ktm-jn- ImcWw
{]Xn-êw \I-s-Sp-p-sh-n
\_n(-kz)bpsS P-n ktmjn-p-Ibpw {]hm-NI kvt\ln ]c-am-h[n Nne-hg
- n-pIbpw sNp apkven-an\v kzK
{]thiw Xs-bm-bn-cnpw Amlp-hn- \np {]Xn-ê
- w.
p-sh-n \_n(-kz)bpsS Pn ktm-jn-p-Ibpw

{]hm-NI kvt\l-n ]c-amh[n Nne-h-gn-p-Ibpw
sNp \_n(-kz)-bpsS kapZm-b
- ns] GI-ssZh
hnizm-knbmb apkven-an\v
kzK {]thiw Xs-bm-bncnpw Am-lp-hn- \np
{]Xn-^-ew.' lpkv\p
aJvkz-Zv, Camw kzpbq-Yn.
5, ssiJv A_q-im-a(-d)
(h^mv lnPvd 665)
alm-\mb Camw \hho(d)bpsS Kpcp Camw A_q ima(-d)
]d-bpp: "C_ \K-cs
Amlp kwc-n--s. Fm
hjhpw \_n(-kz)bpsS P-Zn\-tm-S-\p-_-nv Zm\-[afpw kIa-fpw ktmj-{]-I-S-\hpw AhnsS \S-p-hcp-p. Zcn-{Zp KpWw
sNpI FXn-t\m-sSmw Cu
{]h\w, AXv sNp--hcpsS a\-n \_n(-kz)-tbmSp kvt\lhpw _lp-am\hpw temIm-\p-{K-l-ambn Xs
ZqXs\ krjvSn--Xn-eqsS A\p{Klw sNmcn Am-lp-hnt\m-Sp IrX-X
- bpw {]I-Sam-p-p.' (A _mCkp
Aem CIm-cn _nZC h
lhm-Zn-k)v
6, Camw C_v\p lP
AkvJe
- m\o(d) (h-^mv
lnPvd 852)
\_n-Zn-\m-tLmjw kw_-amb tNmZy-n\v {]apJ
lZokv ]n-X\pw ^Xvlp
_mcn-bpsS Im-hp-amb
C_v\p lP-dp AkvJem\n(d) \Inb adp-]Sn Camw
kzpbq-Yn(-d) D-cn-p-p:
C_v\p lP(d) ]d-bpp;
"CXv(\_n-Zn-\m-tLmjw) Hcp
`{Z-amb ASn--d-bpsS ta
\ne-hn h-Xm-sWv
F\nv t_m[y-s-n-p-v.
kzlo-lp _pJm-cn-bnepw
kzlolv apkven-anepw ncs--Xm-Wn-Xv. AXm-bXv, \_n(kz) aZo-\-bn-tev sN-tm
PqX-m Biq-dmAv Zn\w
t\m-\p-jvSn-p-Xv Ip.
\_n(-kz) AtX-n Ah-tcmSv
tNmZn-p. Ah ]dp: AXv
Amlp ^n-Hus\ apnsm, aqkm- \-_n(-A)sb
c-s-Sp-nb Znh-k-am-Wv.
\_n-Zn-\m-tLmjw
AXn-\m Am-lp-hn\v \n
tcJ-s-Spn R t\m\p-jvTn-p-p. Hcp \nn-X
Znhkw Amlp \Inb
A\p-{K-lw hjn-pI, Asn hn]v XSbpI F
KpW-n\v \n tcJ-s-Sp-W-sapw AXv Fm hjhpw
AtX Znhkw Bhn--Wsapw CXn \nv a\-n-emmw. kpPq-Zv, {hXm-\p-jvTm\w,
Zm\-[aw, Jp-B ]mcmbWw XpS-nb ]e-Xcw C_mZ-p-I sImv Am-lp-hn\v
\n tcJ-s-Sp- km[yamIpw. B Znhkw (d_o-D
A 12) Imcp-Wy-ns
{]hm-N-I \_n(-kz) BK-Xcm-Ip-X
- n-t\-m henb
A\p-{K-l-ta-Xm-Wp--Xv.' (lpkv\p aJvkzZv ô Aa-en
auen-Zv)
7, Camw JkvY-em-\o(-d) (h^mv lnPvd 923)
kzlo-lp _pJm-cn-bpsS
hymJm-\a
- mb Cim-Zp-mcnbpsS Imhv Camw JkvY-
em\o(d) ]d-bpp: "apkvenw-I

\_n(-kz)-bpsS P amkw
BtLm-jn-p-Ibpw kZy-I
\S-p-Ibpw cm{Xn-I ]e-hn[
Zm\-[a- \S-p-Ibpw
ktmjw {]I-Sn-n-p-Ibpw
kIa- hn-n-p-Ibpw
al-c
- a
- mb auenZv ]mcmbWw
\S-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cnp-p. AXns _Iv
sImv kh HuZm-cy-fpw
e`y-am-hp-Ibpw sNp-p.' (A
ahm-ln-_p--Zp-\n-)
8, Camw C_v\p lP A
sslX-ao(-d)
{]apJ imô Ia-imkv{X
]n-X C_v\p lP(d)
X-fpsS ^Xmhm lZo-knbn ]d-bpp: "\psS
apn \nh-ln--s-Sp
auenZv, ZnIv ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn
anXpw \_n(-kz)-bpsS ta
kzem-v, kemw, ZnIv, kzZJ
XpS-nb kIa- DsImp-X
- m-Wv.' (^-Xmhm lZo-kn)
9, imlv hen-p-mlnlve-
ho(-d)
hnizhnJymX Cy
]n-X imlv hen-pmlnlveho(d) X-fpsS
A\p-`hw hnh-cn-p-p:
"AXn\v apv \_n(-kz)-bpsS
P-Zn-\-n Rm a-bn-embn-cpp. P\- \_n(-kz)bpsS ta kzemv sNmpp. X-fpsS Pka-bs
ApX kw`-h-fpw {]hm-NI-Xz-n\v app A\p-`-hfpw hnh-cn-p-p. Atm
Hcn- shn-n-f
- nb
{]Imiw Rm Ip. AXv
Fs Ip-sIm-mtWm
Bob shfnw sImv am{XatWm I-sXv Rm ]d-bpn (A-mlp AAvew).
F-s\-bm-bn-cp-mepw Rm
B {]Im-i-s-p-dnv Nnnp. CXpt]m-se-bp ]cn-]m-SnIfpsS Npa-Xe G]n--s
ae-p-I-fpsS `mKv \np-Xm-sWv F\nv a\nembn.' (^p-bq-fzp ld-abv)
37
ss_t\m-p-e
D--{]-tZiv sXsc-s-Spv:
apkvenwInXv Ah-km\ Ah-kcw
ss_t\m-p-e
\hmkv \nkm
Cy-bnse sXc-s-Spv cmjv{Sob-n cmjv{Sob Xn-If

- psS
]co-W
- i
- m-ebpw ]W-imebpamWv D{]-tZ-iv. AXp-sIm-pXs Cu sXc-s-Sp-nepw XfpsS kmn[yw sXfn-bn-m Ignn-s-n apkvenw-In\n
Ah-kc
-
- e`n-m-\n-Sb
- n-.
38
cmPyw hopw asmcp sXcs-Spns {]iv\

- n-emWv.
D{]-tZiv D-cm-
- ,
]m-_v XpSnb Nne
kwm-\
- f
- n \nb-ak
- `m
sXc-s-Spv h-cn-Ib
- mWv.
CXn D {]tZ-inse
sXc-Sp-n eIvt\m-hnse
\nba-k-`pdw tZiob
cmjv{So-b
- n hf-sc-tbsd
{]m[m-\y-apv. IqSmsX CybpsS PmXn cmjv{So-b
- n\pw
aX \yq\-] cmjv{So-bn\pw D{]tZ-inse sXcs-Sppw hfsc {][m-\-s-Xm-Wv. AXp-sImpXs
ss_t\m-p-e-dns teJ-I\pw
hmb-\
- mpw D-{- ]-tZinse cmjv{Sobw hfsc {][m\-s--Xm-Wv. ]Xn-hp-t]mse
aX \yq\-]--
D{]tZinse sXc-s-Spv
cmjv{So-b
- n {im-tI-{ambn amdn-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Cu
{]mh-iys hnhmZhnjbw
tIzm-bm-Wv. ssat\m-dnn
tIzm, As-n aX-\yq-\-
] tIzm AXn-\-Iv
]ntm aX-\yq-\-]--n\v
D]tIzm -Fo Nne \nba]camb \S-]S- n-I cmjv{So-bNIvv hnt[-ba
- m-bn-cn-p-Ib
- mWv. ]Xn-hp-t]mse tIzm--\pIq-ea
- mbpw {]Xn-Iq-ea
- mbpw
X-fpw hmZ-KX
- n-Ifpw
Dbphp-sIm-n-cn-p-Ib
- mWv. Cu X--fp-sSbpw hmZK-Xn-If
- p-sSbpw ASn-sbgpss-p-sh-m ]Xn-hpt]mse apkvenw thmpI
cmjv{Sob Itm-f
- n Fns-n-cn-p-p-sh-p-X
- m-Wv.
Cy-bnse sXc-s-Spv
cmjv{So-b
- n cmjv{Sob XnI-fpsS ]co-W
- i
- m-ebpw
]W--im-eb
- p-amWv D{]-tZiv. bmsXmcphn[ XXz-Zo--bpan-m cmjv{Sob IqSp-am- BZyta Bcw`npI-gnXv D{]-tZ-in-emWv.
"Bbmdmw Kbmdmw' Ip{]-kn-amb {]tbmKw Xs D
{]tZiv cmjv{So-b
- n Fpw
DZvtLm-jn-Xa
- m-Wv. ChnsS
ss_t\m-p-e
km[m-cW Khsans
Ime-h-[n-bmWv Av hj-san D{]-tZ-inse \nb-akÌfpsS Imem-h-[n am{XamWv Av hjw. Cu
Av hj-n-\p-n aqpw
\mepw XhW Khsap-I
amdnb Ncn{Xw D{]tZ-in-\pv. 1989\v tijw apembw
knMv bmZhpw Ieym knMpw
ambm-h-Xnbpw amdn amdn apJy-a{n-am-cm-bn-p-v. CXn-\n-Sb
- n
_n.-sP.]n t\Xm-fmb cmw
{]Imiv Kp]vXbpw IcmPv
an{ibpw bp.]nbnse apJy-a{n-am-cmbn ]co-n--s-p.
CXn-\p-apv tIm{Kkv bp.]n
`cn-n-cp Imepw ]e
apJy-a-{n-amcpw Ah-cpsS
a{n-k-`-Ifpw Bdp amkhpw
Hcp hjhpw cp hjhpw
XnI Ncn{Xhpw D{]tZ-in\pv. PKvXw-`nI ]mepw,
\mcmb Zv X
- n-hm-cnbpw
Hn IqSp-X XhW
D{]-tZ-ins apJy-a{- n-amcm-bn-p-v. Npcp-n--d-m,
cmjv{Sob An-cX
- b
- psS
Cun-a
- mWv D{]-tZ-iv.
Cu cmjv{Sob IqSp-am-
- fmWv D{]tZ-in PmXn
cmjv{So-b-n\pw aX \yq\] aX`qcn] cmjv{So-bn\pw If-sam-cp-n-b-Xv.
kzm`m-hn-Ia
- mbpw D{]-tZinse Ghpw henb Hcp aX\yq-\-] hn`m-K-amb apkvenw-
Hcp-Im-ev CybpsS A`n-am-\am-bn-cp DZp `mj D{]-tZinse km kvIqfp-If

- n
]Tn-n-s
- -Sp-n F hfsc
hnj-aI
- c
- a
- mb Hcp kXyw teJ-It\mSv ]e D{]-tZiv \nhm-knIfpw ]psh-n-p-v.
I D{]tZiv cmjv{So-bns Ahn`mPy LS-I-ambn
amdn-bn-cn-p-Ib
- m-Wv. IrXy-am-bn-d
m D{]tZiv
cmjv{Sob Itm-f
- nse {in-s-Sp Hcp hne-t]-i
hkvXp-hmbn amdn-bn-p-sp
]d-bmw. ss_t\m-p-e-dns
BZy e--fn-semv \mw
D-{]-tZ-inse apkvenw-IfpsS Ah ]cn-tim-[n-n-pv. D{]tZ-inse apkvenwIv henb Hcp Ncn{Xw ]dbm-\p-v. B Ncn-{X-n
DZp Ihn-Ifpw kmln-Xy-Imcamcpw ]n-Xcpw cmPmfpw a{n-amcpw \ndv\nIp-p. AtX-t]mse
Xs B Ncn-{X-n\v kmaqlnI Ie-l-fp-sSbpw tZim-S\-n-sbpw cmPy-am-
- nsbpw AXph-gn-bp-mb
kmaq-lnI Dm-\
- n-sbpw
IY-I ]d-bm-\p-v. Npcp-n-d
m, Ncn-{X-ns
henb `mcwt]dn \S-p Hcp

kaq-la
- mWv D{]tZ-inse
apkvenw-I. kzmX-{ym-\-c
`mc-X-n Ghpw IqSp-X
kwi-bn-s
- -Sp-Ibpw {Iqin-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX hn`m-K-amWv
D{]-tZ-inse apkvenw-I.
kzX-{y-n\p apv ]mInm hmZw Ghpw iambn hf-q ]nSn-Xpw
hfXpw D{]-tZ-in-em-Wv.
enbm-Jv Aen Jm Fv
t]cp ]mIn-ms
BZys {][m\a{n
D{]tZ-ip-Im-c\
- m-bn-cp-p.
As\ t\mp-tm kzmX{ym-\-c `mc-X-n
D{]tZ-inse apkvenw-Ifpw
lnp-fpw X-n-ep _w
At-bw [mn-Ia
- m-bn-cp-p.
kzm`m-hn-Ia
- mbpw {]tXyI
cmjv{Sob Ah-KW
- \
- Ipw
Ah-tl-f-\-pw apkvenw
kaqlw hnt[-b-am-bn. iamb Hcp aX cmjv{Sob t\Xr\nc Cm-bn-cp-p-sh--Xv Cu
Xf-bpsS Bw Iqn. HcpIm-ev CybpsS A`n-am-\am-bn-cp DZp `mj D{]tZ-inse km kvIqfp-Ifn ]Tn-n--s-Sp-n F
hfsc hnj-a-I-c-amb Hcp
kXyw teJ-I-t\mSv ]e
D{]-tZiv \nhm-kn-Ifpw
]psh-n-p-v. IqSm-sX, Cv
bp.-]n-bnse apkvenw-I-fpsS
m\w ]e {]apJ cmjv{So-bmn-If
- p-sSbpw ]nm-p-d
- fn-em-Wv. BZyw tIm{K-knsbpw ]noSv kam-PvhmZn
]mnbpsSbpw Cubn-sS-bmbn
_lp-P kamPv ]mn-bpsSbpw XWen-emWv bp.-]nbnse apkvenw-I. X{-]-camb thmnwKv \Sn _n.-sP.]n-sb tXm]n-p-h
-
FmWv bp.]nbnse apkvenwIv Cy-bnse cmjv{Sob
\nco-I
- cpw cmjv{Sob hni-Ie\w \S-p--hcpw \Inb
t]cv. Chn-sS-bmWv ss_t\mp-e-dns tNmZyw As\
X{-]-c-amb thmnwKv \Sp Hcp hn`m-K-n\v
Int t\- kmaq-ln-Iambpw km-n-Ia
- mbpw
cmjv{So-ba
- mbpw D{]-tZinse apkvenw-Iv Inn-bn-
39
ss_t\m-p-e
ptm? Cu tNmZy-ns ]ndsI-bmWv ss_t\m-p-ed

- ns
hmZ-K-Xn-I. ]me-sadn
P\m-[n-]X
- y-n X{-]c
- a
- mb
thmnwKv ]cm-Pb
- s
- -Sp-m\p thmnwKpw t]mc.
Cs tIzm hnhm-Zns icn sXp-I-fn-tev
ss_t\m-p-e IS-p-n-.
Cu tIzmm hnhmZw ASn-h-c-bnSp Nne kXyfntev
hnc Nq am{X-am-Wv B{Kln-p--Xv. aX-\yq-\-]
cmjv{Sobw hninjym apkvenw
aX \yq\-] cmjv{Sobw tIzmm-X--p-dv \nnn F-XmWv {][m-\-s
Hcp kXyw. apkvenw aX-\yq-\]w Db-s-tS ins-Sp--s-tS Hcp kmaqly
hn`m-K-amWv F Nn, apJy[mcm cmjv{Sob In-Iv,
tIm{Kv Ds]sS Cpw
hn-n-. Hcp {]Ya ip{iqj
am{Xw Aln-p \nmc
tcmKn-Isf ]cn-lc
- n-p-Xv
t]mse, Imem-Xn-hn-bmb
kmaq-lnI cmjv{Sob {]iv\ kln-p Hcp kaqls Ah-K-Wn-p-Xv icnb-. Cu kaqlw kmaq-ln-Iambpw cmjv{So-b-ambpw \nc-h[n
shp-hn-fn-I t\cn-Sp-p. kaql-n\v AI-v\npw Cu
kaq-l-n\v ]pdv \npw
40
B shp-hn-fn-I hcp-p-v.
B shp-hn-fn-Isf t\cn-Sp-Xn\v ASn-m-\a
- mb cmjv{Sob
tijnbpw km-nI
inbpw kmaq-lnI
Dbbpw \Im, tZiob
{]mtZ-inI cmjv{Sob In-I
D{]-tZ-in ]cm-Pb
- s
- -SpIbm-Wv. AXm-hi
- y-s-Sp-Xn
D{]-tZ-inse apkvenw kaqlhpw ]cm-Pb
- s
- -Sp-Ib
- m-Wv.
{]mXn-\n-[y-n tIzm sInb-Xp-sImpw kw-h-cW XXz-{]Imcw \nb-a\w
e`nXpsImpw am{Xw bp.-]nbnse apkvenwI Db-sSW-sa-n-. Ahv kzX-{ambn aXù-XnI hnZym-`ymk
m]-\- \S-m- klmbn, ùXnI Imgv-m-Sp
aX kwL-S-\-Ifpw aX hnIm-c a\-n-em-p apkvenw
cmjv{Sob CS-s]-Se
- p-Ifpw AhnsS-bp-m-hW
- w. km-aq-lnI
X{-]c
- a
- mb thmnw-Knepw IqptN-cp cmjv{Sob hnte-t]-ie
- nepw
Apdw, apkvenw aX-\yq-\]
-
- ns cmjv{Sob AP amdm-
ka-ba
- m-bn. Ah C\n eyw
sht-Xv hnZym-`ymk ]ptcm-KXnbpw cmjv{Sob Ah-t_m-[hpw
\nn-s-Sp-m-\m-Wv.
Da\w km[y-am-hWw. Ncn-{Xns `mcand-n-sh-m kab-ambn. Hcp kmaq-lnI kwhm-Zn-eqsS Ncn-{X-]-c-amb kwi-bfpw Bi-I
- fpw Zqco-Ic
- nsSpv {]Xn-k-n-I adn-I-Sm D-
- {- ]-tZ-in \npw
A`y--hn-Zy-cmb Hcp kaqlw
hfp-ht- c-n-bn-cn-p-p.
Cu kaq-l-n\v kmaq-lnI
imkv{X]chpw ASn-m\
imkv{X]-chpamb Adn-hp-mI-Ww. Ah Bo-b-ambn
Ckvem-ansbpw ùXn-Ia
- mbn
Hcp apkven-an-sbpw {]Xn-\n-[nbm-bn-cn-W
- w. A-s\-bp-h tZiob cmjv{So-b
- nepw
{]mtZ-inI cmjv{So-b
- nepw CSs]-Sp-tm AXv apkvenw kaql-n\v KpW-I-c-amb Hcp amamWv km[y-am-p--Xv. B
KpW-]-c-amb amw ]e ]mesadn t\-s
- f-mfpw Zqc
hym]-I-amb A\p-Iqe ê Dm-m km[n-p--hbm-Wv. _olm-dnse apkvenwIv Ign Btdgv hj-fmbn kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-pXv Cu KpW-I-c-amb am-amWv. Uln-bnse Ph-lem
s\lvdp bq\n-th-gvkn-n-bnepw
Uln bq\n-th-gvkn-nbnepw
PmanA annb Ckvemanbnepw ap kmaq-lnI
kmt-XnI imkv{X m]-\-fnepw _olm-dn \npw
]Tn-p-h-f Htsd apkvenw
kplr-p- ]Tn-p-p-v.
CtX amw \apv bp.-]n-bnepw
km[y-am-tI-n-bn-cn-p-p.
AhnsS kzImcy cwKpw
s]mXp cwKpw apkvenw-IfpsS hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-amb ]ptcmK-Xn-bpw cmjv{Sob Ah-t_m[hpw h[n-t-n-bn-cn-p-p.
Npcp-n--d-m X{-]-camb thmnw-Knepw Iqp-tN-cp
cmjv{Sob hnte-t]-i-enepw
Apdw, apkvenw aX-\yq-\-]-ns cmjv{Sob AP
amdm- ka-b-am-bn. B
cmjv{Sob AP C\n eywsh-t-Xv hnZym-`ymk ]ptcmK-Xnpw cmjv{Sob Ah-t_m-[n-\p-am-Wv. apkvenw-Isf
D{]-tZ-in t_m[-hIcnp ]{X- h[n-tn-bn-cn-p-p. tZiob {]mtZ-
inI cmjv{Sob In-If

- n
{]hn-p apkvenw-I-fmb
{]h-Icpw t\Xm-amcpw
Ipd-p-IqsS ZoL-ho-W
- ap Hcp kmaq-lnI [mcW
shp-]p-et-n-bn-cn-p-p.
am{X-a-, s]mXp-k-aq-ln
{]tXy-Inv _lp-kzc kaq-ln apkvenw kaq-l-ns
{]m[m-\y-hpw km[y-X-bpw ap
kaq-lh
- n-`m-K
- t- fmSv kwthZ\w sNt-Xpw Cu
{]h-Icpw t\Xm-fp-am-Wv.
B kwth-Z\w Hcp kwhm-Zambn hf-cp-Ibpw apkvenw kaql-s-p-dnv a\-n-em-n-shn-p sXmb [mc-WI
- fpw
a\-n-em-msX t]mIp icn-
bmb [mc-W-Ifpw s]mXp kaql-n\v Inp-Ibpw sNpw.

AXn-\m bp.-]n-bnse apkvenw
kaqlw cmjv{Sob A\m-YXzw
Ah-km-\n-n-m ka-b-am-bn.
cmjv{Sob ]cm-{i-bXzw Dt]-nm kabambn. Iqw
tNp thmp \Iepw
]cn-an-X-amb Bhiyn-Ibpw
amn-sh-v, Ipd-p-IqsS hyamb cmjv{Sob kmaq-lnI
ey, AXns\ klm-bn--co-Xn-bn-ep kmn-I-amb ]-Xn-Ifpw bp.-]nbnse apkvenw kaqlw
hfn-sb-Sp-W
- s
- av
ss_t\m-p-e BmY-ambn B{K-ln-p-p. Cs-n
CtX teJ\w ss_t\m-p-edn\v ]v hjw Ign-mepw

Fgp-tXnhcpw. CtX Imcy hmb-\-m ]p
hjw Ign-mepw hmbntn hcpw. AXv CybpsS
aX-\yq-\]
-
-
- ns cmjv{Sob
]mcambn hne-bn-cp-sSpw. Cy-bnse aX-\yq-\] cmjv{So-b
- ns hninjy
apkvenw aX \yq\-]
cmjv{So-b
- ns ]m-cw a\n-em-m Cu D{]tZiv
sXc-s-Spv Hcp Ah-k-c-amn-am-Ww Fm-Wv ss_t\mp-e-dns A`yY-\. teJ-Is\bpw {]km[-I-scbpw hmb-\mscbpw Am-lp- klm-bn-s.
41
ImSn
tUm.-ss^-k lpZhn amcn-bmSv
\yq\] kwh-c-W-ns
cmjv{Sobw
Cy-bnse Ghpw henb
aX \yp\-]--amb apkvenwIv ip-`-I-c-amb Hcp hjmh-km-\-am-bn-cpp 2011 Fp
Nnn-p--h-cmWv \n ]ecpw. Imc-Ww, tI{ km
tPmen-If
- nepw hnZym-`ymk
m]-\--fnepw H.-_n.kn
hn`m-K-n s]Sp \yq\-]-v 4.5 iX-am\w kwhcWw Gs-Sp-m Unkw_ Ah-km\ hmcw Xocp-am-\am-bn-cn-p-p. AY-hm, ap
]nm hn`m-K- p \nehn- A\p-h-Zn--s Ccp-]tgv iX-am\w kwh-c-W-n-\Iv C\n Bdn-semv \yq\-]-v thn \on-sh-s-Spw. apkvenw kwh-cWw Hcp
cmjv{Sob AP-b
- mbn D
{]tZiv \nb-a-k`m Xnc-sSpp ]m-X-e-n
Dbs-n-cpptm-gmWv
C-c-samcp Xocp-am\w hn-cnp-Xv FXv {it-ba
- m- Wv.
\yq\-]
-
- f
- psS kmaq-ln-tIm-a-\-n\p CXn-\Iw Nne
]-Xn-I Bkp-{XWw
sNbvXp \S-n-em-m\mbn-pw
bp.-]n.F Khsans
Dtiy ipn tNmZyw sN-sSm-\p-mb kml-N-cyhpw AXp
Xs-bm-Wv. Fm \yq\] kwh-c-W-nse
cmjv{Sobw CXn-\-pdw A\m-hcWw sNstS hnj-ba
- mWv.
A-p h-j--p apv
k-m In dn-tm-Sn-eqsS
Hu-tZym-Kn-Ia
- m-bn tc-Js
- -Sp-s-Sp-I-bpw A-Xp I-gn-p A[n-Iw Xm-a-kn-bmsX an{im Io-j dn-tm-Sn-eq-sS Nne ]cn-lm-c
- \n-tZ-in-s
- -SpIbpw sN-bv-X ap-kvenw ]n-mm-h
, cmjv{Sob \b-cq-]o-Ic-W
- fn IrXy-amb CSw ]nSn-Xns e-W-ambn tI{
Khsans Cu Xocp-am\s Im-Wm-\m-hptam? AY-
42
hm, \yq\-] imo-I-cWw cmjv{Sobhpw \b-]-c-hp-amb hnjb-amhm XpS-n-sb-X

- n-s AS-bm-fs
- -Sp-e
- mbn {]kvXpX
Xocp-am-\s hne-bn-cp-m-\mhptam?
]pdsa, tImWv{Kkv t\Xmhpw tI{ \nba a{n-bp-amb
kam- JpjnZv-, kamPv hmZn ]mSn t\Xmhv apembw knwKv
bmZhv, _lp-P kamPv ]mSn t\Xmhpw bp.]n apJy-a{nbpamb ambm-h-Xn Fn-h Cu ASp-mbn apkvenw kwh-cW hnj-b-n \S-nb {]Jym-]-\--fp-sSbpw A`n-{]mb {]IS-\
- f
- p-sS-bpw cm-{o-b k-aq-li
- m-kv{Xw hmbn-s
- -tS-Xv
F-s\-bm-Wv? AXp-t]m-se, D- {]tZinse hcm-\n-cn-p
Xnc-s-Sp-n Ghpw \ Bbp-[-amWv apkvenw/\yq\-]
kwh-c-Whnj-b-n-eqsS ssIhn-cnpsX _n.-sP.-]n.
bpsS \ne-]mSv, km-aqln-I \o-Xn-, ]m-iz-h-XvIr-X hn-`m-K--fp-sS
km-aqln-I im-o-I-cWw XpSn- Im-e--fmbn \mw DbnsIm-n-cn-p hnjb- Cy cm-{o-b-n C\nbpw F-s\ ssI-Imcyw sN--s-Spw/G-s-Sp--s-Sp-w F--Xn-s hyam-b \n-Z-i-\--fm-bn \nco-nm\mhptam? hni-Ie
- \w
Hu Cy apkam F t]cn 1871- {]kn-o-Icn--s l dntmSv apX, 2006 ]pd-p-h km
In dntmp-hscbp kh At\z-jW ]T-\-fpw hyambn ImWn-p Hcp hkvXp-X-bmWv Cy-bnse
apkvenwIfpsS ]nm-m-h-. Fm Cu ]nm-m-h-sb
HutZym-Ky-Iambn tcJ-s-Sp-mt\m AXn\p ]cn-lmcw \ntZ-inmt\m Imcy-amb Ne-\--fp-m-hm XpS-n-bXv Cu ASp-mWv. IrXy-ambn ]d-m, apkvenw-I tIm{K-kns\
Ismgnp ap cmjv{Sob _Z-epIfn km[y-X-I Is-np-S-n-sbp IrXy-amb t_m[w h-Xn\p tijw. AXn\p
apv ap{]-[m-\-a{n Cncm Kmn- 1978 ssat\m-cnn Ioj- Dm-n-bXmh-s, Asn, 1980 aX-\yq-\-]---fpsSbpw ]nI PmXn ]nI hK hn`m-K--fp-sSbpw nXn-K-XnI ]Tn-m Hcp D-Xm-[n-Imc kan-Xnsb \ntbm-Kn--Xmhs,
bmsXmcp Cm-i
- n-bp-an-m cmjv{Sob {]h-\w- F-X
- n
Ihnv bmsXmcp {]m[m-\yhpw Ah-p-m-bn-cp-n-. AXn\m, \b-\n-e-]m-Sp-Isf kzm[o-\n-p--Xn Ahv bmsXmcp
]p-ap-m-bn-cp-pan-. AXn\v hy-amb sXfn-hm-bn-cpp
tKm]m knMv dntmSv {]kn-o-I-cn-m 1989 hsc ka-b-saSp-p-sh--Xv. AXp Xs ]e-`m-K--fn \npw i-amb
kZ--fp-mbXns ê-hp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm, km
In dntmSv kzX{ Cy-bpsS Ncn-{X-n Hcp ]pXnb
A\p-`-h-hp-w apkvenw \yq\-] imo-IcW {]{In-b-bpsS
XpS--hp-am-bn-cp-p.
km I-n-bpsS Ghpw henb {]m[m\yw apkvenw-I-fpsS
]nm-m-h-sb HutZym-Kn-I-am-bn hfsc hy-amb `mj-bn
tcJ-s-Sp-m\mbn F-Xm-Wv. apkvenw ]nm-m-h FXv
Hcp Ahn-XnX bmYmYy-am-sW-Xv cmPys apgph
t_m[y-s-Sp-m AXn\v km[n-p. sXmgn-, hnZym-`ym-kw,
hyh-km-bw, BtcmKyw XpSn kmaq-ln-Ihpw km-n-I-hpamb GXp am\-Z-WvU- FSp-mepw apkvenw-I hfsc
ImSn
]nm--am-sWXn\p -I-W-p-I AXv kanp. asmcY-n, apkvenw-I Hcp kmaq-ln-I hn`m-Ksa \nev
Xs kh-ta-J-e-I-fnepw ]n--s-n-cn-ppshpw ]e-Xc-n-ep hnth-N-\-fpw kmaq-lnI Xnc-kvI-c-W-ns
sISp-Xn-Ifpw AXn-Zm-cp-W-ambn A\p-`-hn-p--h-cm-sWpw B
dntmn\pw AXpm-nb cmjv{So-bhpw Am-Za
- n-Ih
- p-amb
kwth-Z-\-pw kaYn-m\pam-bn.
AY-hm, apkvenwIsf Hcp aX-hn-`m-K-sa \ne-bn-e-,
adnv Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn Gsd _ln-jvI-c-W-/]miz-h-XvI-cW- kln-tn h Zfn-X-sc-mfpw ]nmw
\np Hcp kmaq-lnI hn`m-K-sa \nev ]cn-K-Wn-pIbpw timN-\o-b-amb Cu Ah--bn \npw Ic-I-b-p--Xn\v kwh-c-W-a-S--ap imo-IcW \S-]-Sn-I kzoI-cn-p-Xn\p ]m-X-e-sam-cp-p--Xm-bn-cpp km In
dntmv. apembw knMnsbpw kam Jpjn-Znsbpsams {]kvXm-h-\-Isfbpw apkvenw-Iv kwh-c-W-am-h-iysv ambm-hXn tI{n\b Ip-sams B Zni-bn
kw`-hn-p-X
- mbn ImWm\p km[y-XI
- f
- p-ap-m-bn-cp-p.
Fm, C-cw- km[y-XI
- sf-sbms \ncm-Ic
- n-p-X
- mWv
tI{-K-hsans kwh-cW {]Jym-]\w Fp ImWm
{]bm-k-an-. bp.-]n.F km \ntbm-Kn an{im-Ioj
\Inb in]mi t]mepw ]cn-K-Wn-m-XmWv {]kvXpX
{]Jym-]-\w. \yp\-]--v 15% kwh-c-W-n\pw AXn
10% apkvenwIpw \on-sh-W
- s
- a-mWv an{im-I
- o-j
\ntZ-in-p--Xv. Nne kmaq-lnI ]mT-
ap ]nm hn`mKw (H.-_n.kn) F Im-K-dn \nW-bnp-Xv 1980-- aWvU Io-j Xm-dm-nb dntmSmWv.
kmaq-lnIw, hn-Zym-`ym-k-]cw, km--n-Iw F-o aq-p ta-J-eI-fn-em-bn ]-Xn-s\m-v am-\-Z-- ]m-en-m-Wv I-o-j kwh-c-W-n-\-lcm-b hn-`m-K-sf I-s-n-bXv. {][m-\-ambpw
lnp PmXn-hy-h--bn iq{Z hn`m-K-n s]Sp 400 PmXnI-fpw apkvenw-I-fn \np 80 hn`m-K--sfbpw DsIm-p-XmWv Cu H.-_n.-kn. ]n-I. apkvenw-I-fnse H.-_n.-kn-bmbn
]cn-K-Wn--s-Sp-Xv samw apkvenw-I-fnse 40.7% am{X-am-Wv.
AYhm, alm-`q-cn-]w apkvenw-Ifpw H.-_n.-knp ]pd-mWv. H.-_n.-kn.-bnse Xs ap hn`m-K--fp-ambn Xpe\w sNptm, apkvenwI shdpw 15% am{X-am-Wv. Fm, km
dntmv A\p-k-cn-v, H.-_n.kn bm Adp-]Xp iX-am\w
hcp apkvenw-I-fpsS kmaq-lnI nXn H.-_n.kn lnp-hn-`mK-t- f-m Zb-\o-ba
- m-Wv. DZm-lc
- W
-
- n-\v, P\-d Im-Kd
- nbn hcp apkvenwI-fnse Zmcn{Zyns \ncv 35 BsWn, H.-_n.kn lnpKm-K-dn-bn CXv 28 BWv. am{X-hpa,
a- I-o-js
- X-s am-\Z-
- ]m-en-s
- -Sp-Ib
- msW-n, C-v ap-kv-enw-I-fn-se `q-cn-`m-Khpw H._n.kn- Im--K-dnbn ]-cn-K-Wn--s-Sm A-l-cp-amWv.
cm-a-Xm-bn, \yq\-] kwh-cWw F ]cn-K-W\ Xs
{]iv\-h-Xv-cn--s-tS--Xp-v. ]e-tmgpw apkvenw-Isf DtinmWv \yq\-]w Fp-]-tbm-Kn--s-Sp-Xv. ImcWw `cW-L-S-\m-]-c-ambn apkvenw-Iv thn F coXn-bn
\b-\n-e-]m-Sp-I kzoI-cn-m-\m-hn-. AXp Cy atX-X-c-Xzsa k]n\v FXn-cm-sWmWv hmZw. -A-Y-hm, km-cX-bnepw hnZym-`ym-k-nepw tZiob icm-i-cnp F{Xtbm ]ndIn-ep apkvenwIfpw \qdp iX-am\w km-c-Xbpw D-X-hnZym-`ym-k-hp-ap ]mcn-kn-Ifpw 80 iX-am\w km-c-X-bp
{InkvXym\n-Ifpw Hcp t]mse \yq\-]--kvtIm-fjn-n\p
Al-cm-hp nXn am{XamWv \ne-hn-ep `c-W-L-S\b\pk-cnv krjvSns-Sm-hp--Xv.
Fm, ]nI hn`mKw

F Im-Kdn Ncn-{X-]-chpw
kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb ]cn-K-W\Ifm \n-bn-s
- -X
- m-bncp-n-pw, Hcp ]nI hK-mc apkventam {IkvXym-\ntbm
Bbm Fkv.kn B\p-Iqeyw
\jvS-s-Sp-Xp Hcp atX-X-cXz
k]ns t]cnepw Cp
hsc hni-Zo-I-cn--s-n-n
FXv ChnsS Gsd {it-bamWv. Ckvemtam {InkvXym-\nktam kzoI-cn-p--Xn-eqsS `cW-LS- \
- m-]c
- a
- mbn Al-amsbmcp Ah-Imiw \ntj-[npI FXv IrXy-amb atX-XcXz ewL-\-a-t? Cy-bn
Cp \ne-hn-ep hyXykvX
kmaq-lnI hn`m-K
- f
- n
Ghpw IqSp-X ]miz-h-XvIcn-- hn`mKamWv apkvenwI Fv HutZym-KnI ncoI-cW
-
- f
- p-m-bnpw Ahp
am{X-ambn kwh-c-Wtam ap
imo-Ic
- W \S-]SnItfm
kzoI-cn-m-\-hn-p shp-
Xv aXn-s t]-cn-ep- hn-thN-\at?
Ah-km-\-am-bn, GsXmcp
cmPy-nsebpw P\m-[n-]Xy
kwhn-[m-\-n-s ]c-a-{]-[m-\amb [aw apgp-h P\-hn-`m-Kpw Xpeyamb ]ucmhImi-fpw hyn kzmX-{y-hpw
Dd-p-hc
- p-pIsb-Xm-Wv.
GsX-n-ep-samcp hn`mKw
kmaqlnIhpw km-n-I-hpambn ]nmw \np Hcp
kml-Ncyw B cmPy-ns km-aq-lnI ]ptcm-KX
- nsb
HmsI _m[n-pw. AXp-sImm-Wv, ]miz-hX
- vIr-Xc
- m-bhsc aptm-p-sIm-p-hc
- m
]e P\m-[n-]Xy cmPy-fpw
{Inbm-I hnth-N\w F
t]cn kwh-cWw Gs]-Spn-bn-cn-p-X
- v. Fm,
Cy-bnepw Ccw \b-\n-e]m-Sp-I `c-WL
- S- \
- m-]c
- a
- mbn
kzoI-cns-n-p-s-nepw
AXn-s\ cmjv{Sobaphpw
imo-Ic
- tWm]m-[n-bp-am-m
\ap-n-Xp-hsc km[n-n-n-.
AXns Ah-km-\s sXfnhmWv tI{ km Ctm
{]Jym-]n-n-cn-p \yq\]
kwh-cWw Fp ImWm
{]bm-k-an-.
43
t\mh
t\mh
A_q-kn-\m
Ipf--Sn-sbm--I 7
_nJo-kns
Bfl-`m-jW
-
-
hc: kA-Zen
44
_Jokv Xs s]a-sfmv honse hnim-e-amb

apdn-bn-en-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p.
IqsS {Kma-nse A]w
kv{XoI-fp-apv. C-cp-Wn the-mcn hv, Xe\on hnfn-p-]-dp: " _o
_o Po, Jm kmln_v
Xmsf hnfn-p-p-v.'
_Jokv dqan\v ]pd-n-dn. hcm--bpsS Hmcw ]mfn
InSp Hcp apdn-bn-tev
Nqn the-mcn ]dp: "Zm,
Jm kmln_v Ahn-sS-bp-v.
IqsS-sbmcp hncppImc\pw.'
_Jokv hnim-ea
- mb
A-W
- n-eqsS ASn-sh-p-\on. apdn-bpsS hmXn
\nv AI-tv Fn-t\mn. ]ns, sas amdn-\n-p.
AIv \nv AIv_Jm
]Xps hnfn-p, "_Jokv,
AIv hcq, CXv apdmZv Aenbm-W.v '
_Jo-kns apJw ]qW
N{-s\-tmse Xnf-n. Xs
shfp ]p-IsImv
aes Nncnv AIv Ibdn. "NmNo Pm, kemw:' apdmZv
Itk-c-bn \ns-gp-tv A`n-
hmZyw sNbvXp.
_Jo-kv \n\n-ta-jbmbn
t\mn\np, Hpw Dcn-bm-Sm
sI]n-msX. ]ns hndp Ic- apdm-Zv AenbpsS inc-n shp. apdmZv
Aen Adn-bmsX Io s]mgnp. "apdmtZ, \o X\-mtWm
hXv?'
"AsX, NmonPm. Ah
Aen hoSn\v ]pd-m-bn-cp-p.
Ah\v eohv Inn-m-Wn-.'
"\ns D hcp-sav Rm
hnNm-cn-p.'
"Nmo, D hcm-\n-cp--XmWv. Fm ZoL-bm-{Xv
BtcmKyw A\p-h-Zn-n-sv
]dv bm{X thsv shp.
ilv_m-kns Ieym-W
- n\v
hcp-sav D ]d-n-p-v.'
_Jokv Ccp-p. apdmZv
Aenbpw Xs Itkc ]nSn-p.
AXn-\n-S-bn Hcp sImp
s]Ipn HmSn--fnv AI-pI-b-dn. apdmZv Aensb I-am{X-bn Ah env
AIv_ Jms Itk-cp
]nn Hfn-n-cn-m {ian-p.
AIv_ Jm hm-eytmsS Ah-fpsS Xe-bn
hoWw
Xtem-Sn. "kao\m, CXv \ns
{iocw-K
- - W
- s Cm
apdmZv Aen-bm-Wv. \ns-mWm-\m-Wv Ah C{X Zqcv
\nv h-Xv. \o apdm-Zn-t\mSv
kemw t]mepw ]d-n'
kao\ ktm-jh
- X
- n-bm-bn.
Ah A]-t\cw apdm-Zn-s\s t\mn-\n-p. ]ns
sImn-p-gv dqan\v ]pdn-dn A-W-n-eqsS HmSntm-bn. Xs Cm Xhodns sNhn-bn Np-ann-Snv Ftm ]ndp-]n-dp-p.
"an-s-v, \o ]d-sXmpw F\nv a\-n-embn'. Xho Ifn-bm-n.
kao\ Dd-s--dp:
"Abm hn-p-v.'
"Bcv?' Iq-n-en-cpp Hcp
kv{Xo Bcm-p.
"Xho-dn\v s]-sIv
hp Fv'. Btcm Ifn-bm-n.
B apdn-bmsI s]mn-n-cn-bn
apgp-In. Xho en-p XeXm-gvn.
thsd Hcp kv{Xo kao-\bpsS ssII ]nSn-p-h-enp
tNmZn-p: "]dbq kao-\m,
BcmWv hXv?'
Ah ssI Npcp-n.
]nsbpw Xho-dns t\v
t\mn D-n ]dp:
"Cm, {iocw-K
- - W
- s
apdmZv Aen hn-p-v.'
Xho-dn\v Nncn-bS-
- m
km[n-n-. Ah kao-\sb
]nSnv ASp-n-cp-n.
AIv_Jm\pw _Jokpw
apdmZpw A]-t\cw kwkm-cnn-cp-p. ]ns AIv_-sd-gptp: "Rm ]pd-m-sc-nepw
hp \np-ptm Fv
t\m-s, _Jokv'
"\n Am-hs\
Ctmv ]dp hnp. Ah
Iptd Ime-ambn apdm-Zns\
{]Xo-n-n-cn-p-Im-bm-bn-cp-p.'
"th, Ahsc t\cs
In-p-v.'
"ilv_mkv FhnsS?' apdmZv
tNmZn-p.
"Ah ]pdv sS v
sIp ]Wn-bn-em-Wv. Rm\hs\ Ctmp ]d--b-mw.
apdmZv Aenbpw Fgp-t-p:
"Rm\pw Asb A\p-Kanmw'. apdmZv hmXn
shn-cp ]p-h-kv{X-ns
Hcp `mw _Jo-kn\p
\In. "Nmo-Pm CXp apgph D X-b
- X
- m-Wv.'
AIv_Jm CS-s]-p:
"tamt\ apdmZv, CXp apgp-h
\o Xs Xncn-p-sIm-p-t]mth-n-h-cpw. Cs\ _pn-ap-cp-sXv Rm\-htcmSv t\cs
]d-X
- m-W.v '
"Dmv CXn _pn-apsm-p-an-. Xhodpw kao\bpw X\nv a-sf-m
]ncn-i-s--h-cm-sWv D ]dbm-dp-v. av sImSp-b Cu hkv{X- kzoI-cnn-s-n Dmv hnj-a-amIpw. D acn--Xn\p tijw
R Hn\pw sIm-cp-Xm-hc
- mbn Fpw tXmpw.'
apdm-Z-en-bpsS hmv tItm AIv_ Jm Io-scmen-n-p: "tamt\ apdm-Zv, \n
Xcp Iod-pWn t]mepw
Rv Zpbm-hnt\mfpw
F{Xtbm Aaq-ey-am-Wv.'
apdm-Zpw AIv_dpw ]pd-nd-n-b-tm _Jokv X\nm-bn. Ah kzbw B
`mw Xpd-p. A]w ]p-hkv{X-p ]pdsa N-\-Sn-sImv \nn Hcp

s]nbpw AXn-\I
-
- p-m-bn-cpp. s]n--Iv app-ame,
kzW hf XpS-nb km[-\-fp-m-bn-cp-p. ]pd-sa,
^KXv Fgp-Xnb Hcp Ipdnpw. _Jokv Xs Cm-bpsS ssI]-S Xncn--dn-p.
Ah In-eqsS Itm-Snp:
"Fs s]mp ktlm-Z-co,
Fs Cu \nkm-c-amb km-\ kzoI-cn-mepw. F{XImew Pohn-n-cn-p-sav F\n-dn-bn-. AXn-\m-emWv kao\pw AhfpsS tPyjvTnpw CXv sImSp--b-pXv. \n-tfmSv IqsStcm
Ign-n-s ZpxJ-ap-v.'
kao\ dqan-\-Ip InS-tm _Jokv In
\nv Is-Sp-n-cp-n-.
Ah H shp: "Dm,
Ah FhnsS t]mbn?'
"Ah ]pd-p-t]m-bX
- mWv'
_Jokv ]pn-cn-p.
kao\ s]n-bn Inv Hcp
ame ]pd-s-Spp: "Dm,
CXv \np-Xm?'
"AsX tamtf, \n\pw
B`-c-W--fp-v. hm, t\mq.'
"F\nv Ipm-b-hp-aptm?'
"AsX,'
"app-am-etbm'
"AXpw, ]ns tamXn-chpw
hfbpw.'
"F\nv ilv-_mkv C
Hpw sImp-h-cm-dn-, Fs
No ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw.'
"C\n Ahs\s No-]-dm Rm\n-hnsSbpm-hn-.'
"\o Fhn-sS-tm-hm\m'
"Rm {iocw-K
- - W
- v
t]mhpw' kao\ app-ame
Igp-n-en-p.
"kao\, {iocw-K
- - W
- pw
\ns Bsc-nepw No ]dmtem?'
"Rm At[m\o cmPyv
t]mhpw. aq--bpsS hon
Xma-knpw' "Ah \ns
kzoI-cn-n-s-ntem?'
kao\ ]nWn. Ah
apJw honv Iogvt]mp
t\mn-\n-p. _Jokv AhfpsS Ihn-fv D-sh-p.
(XpScpw.)
45
A\p-kva-cWw
apCu-\p-o NnivXn
Xr-\n DkvXmZv; Bflo-b-X-bpsS

AI-sm-cp tXSn-b Bcn^v
Bo-b-X-bn Debnv \ap-n-S-bn-eqsS
\Sp t]mb kqô-h-cy\pw henpambn-cpp
ssiJp\m Xr-\n apl-Zv apkvenbm. tkzOIsf a\:cp-nsbpw \n-bZ- mVyn-sbpw
Xpdp--en-e-Sv Bm-hns\ kX{
kzX{amn Bo-b-X-bpsS aqi-bn-env ]mI-sSp-n-sb-Sp B alm a\o-jn-bpsS Kcn-abpw
hn\-bhpw kam-kaw kv^pcn-p apJ-[m-h-fyhpw
{]Imiw ]c-p Ip-Ifpw Ime-n\p
t]mepw ambvp If-bm-\m-hm hn[w \psS
a\z--c--fn ]Xnp InS-pX v B
alm\p`mh _mn-shp t]mb Bob
tPymXnv Hp sImp am{X-am-Wv.
Bo-bX B`m-k-am-hp-Ibpw kaq-l a[yn BtLm-jnsSp-Ibpw sNp \ho\
Bob hmZn-Ismcp Xncp-m-bn-cp-p alm-\hI-fpsS Pohn-Xw. kaq-l-hp-ambn IqSp-X CS-]g-Im-Xn-cp-npw kaq-l-ns kvt\lhpw BZchpw t\Sn-sb-Sp-m Ign-p-sh-Xv DkvXmZns {]tXy-I-X-bm-bn-cp-p. hntbmK Znhkw Xr\-n-bn XSnp IqSnb ]pcp-jmcw Xs At-ln\v e`n kzoIm-cy-X-bpsS Dz-e-amb ZrjvSm-am-bn-cp-p. Bob temIv DX tkm]m\- Iog-S-nb alm-\-hI-fpsS PohnXw Cu
ImeL-nse Xkz-p^v {]tbm-m-v
hy-amb amXrIbm-Wv. sImp {]mb-n
Xs amXmhv ]ncnp t]mb-Xn-\m DkvXm-Zn\v
amXr-em-f-\-bpsS arZp-kv]iw A\y-am-bn-cp-p.
amXrhntbmKw Ae-n-smncn-p-tmgpw
PohnX hnipn ssIap-X-em-nb B sImp-Ipn
XpSv Bob Hun-Xy ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn
Ibdn-t]m-hp-Ib
- m-bn-cp-p. Znhy-kvt\-l
- ns
XoYP-e-n kv\m\w sNbvX Atlw Bcm-[\p hnLm-X-am-hp-sav `bv hnhmlw t]mepw
Dt]-n-p-Ib
- m-bncp-p.
sNdp{]m-b-n Xs m\ km-Z-\n B\w Is-nb DkvXmZv Acn{
A_q-_- apkven-bm-c-S-w 15 ]cw ]nX
htc-Wy-cpsS injyXzw kzoI-cn-n-cp-p. hnZymYn
PohnX Imep Xs GIm-X CjvS-s-n-cp
B hynXzw Atm Xs Bob
hnipnbpsS AS-bm-f
- {]I-Sa
- m-n-p-S
- n-bncp-p.
cnbm-fp-kzm-en-lo ]T-\-Im-ev BSns\
tabvnn-m Hcp {]hm-N-I-s\bpw Amlp
\ntbm-Kn-n-n F lZokv {ibn s]-tm
hon \npw Hcm-Sn-s\bpambn ae-ap-I-fn-tev
Ib-dn-s-p-Ib
- m-bn-cpp DkvXm-Zv. kXy-n
46
AsXm-cp Xm-sd-Sp-m-bn-cpp. Bob temI-n-tep Hcp Imshpw. Pohn-X-n-sem-cn- t]mepw

At-lw Dd-m Xm-sd-Spp InS-n-cp-n-. PohnXw
Dd-n-om-\p-X
- s
- - hy-amb t_m[y-am-bncpp At-ls Dd-m-\-\p-h-Zn-m-Xn-cp--Xv. acWw
hsc DkvXmZv Xe-bn-W-bn InS-n-cp-n-sv ASp-dnh kmy-s-Sp-p-p-v.
kp_vlnv hfsc t\cs FWov Intem-ao--dp-I
Ap-d-p Ppap-Ap ]n-bn-tep Im\Sbmbns \Sp t]mIp-Xmbn-cpp DkvXm-Zns
ioew. kzp_vlv \nkvImc tijw Hscm--bn-cn-n Hv
amdn-bn-cn-pI t]mepw sNmsX fplv _mv hsc JpB ]mcm-bWw sNpw. ]e-tmgpw aqv Znhkw hsc
`Ww Ign-msX Ign-p Iqp-am-bn-cp At-lw imcocn-Im-h-iy- apJ-hn-e-s-Sp-msX Bm-hns\
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hnZymYn-I-fpsS \mt\map-J-amb ]ptcmKXn ey-anv cq]o-Ir-X-amb hnZymYn Iqmbva-bmWv k_mlv. m]-\-nse ]q
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A`n-hr-n-s-Sp--s.. Bao
sXfnw
amknIbys^{_phcn 2012 Nadwi on behalf of U Muhammed Shafi, printed at Majlis offset printers,
50 Printed
and Published
Dr.Bahauddeen
Hidaya Nagar and published @ Chemmad, Kerala. Chief Editor: Dr.Bahauddeen Muhammed Nadwi

Fs BPW A) M-B-S - Sp-Øm (Ian-®N-Cp P XVLP - A° Hnp-B-ß-Fpss HNPBW

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