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Heat and Sound Insulation
Heat and Sound Insulation
&
S O U N D
INSULATION
H E A T
INSULATION
Heat insulation
Thermal insulation is the method of preventing heat from escaping a container or from entering the container. In other words, thermal insulation can keep an enclosed area such as a building warm, or it can keep the inside of a container cold. Heat is transferred by from one material to another by conduction, convection and/or radiation. Insulators are used to minimize that transfer of heat energy.
Working principal
Insulation is a barrier that minimizes the transfer of heat energy from one material to another by:
CONDUCTION CONVECTION RADIATION
Solid to solid
To slow down the transfer of heat by conduction from one solid to another, materials that are poor conductors are placed in between the solids. Examples include: Fiberglass is not a good conductor nor is air. That is why bundles of loosely packed fiberglass strands are often used as insulation between the outer and inner walls of a house. Heat cannot travel though a vacuum. That is why a thermos bottle has an evacuated lining. Heat cannot be transferred from one layer to the other through the thermos bottle vacuum.
Gas to solid
To slow down the heat transfer between air and a solid, a poor conductor of heat is placed in between. A good example of this is placing a layer of clothing between you and the cold outside air in the winter. If the cold air was in contact with your skin, it would lower the skin's temperature. The clothing slows down that heat loss. Also, the clothing prevents body heat from leaving and being lost to the cold air.
Liquid to solid
Likewise, when you swim in water, cold water can lower your body temperature through conduction. That is why some swimmers wear rubber wet suits to insulate them from the cold water.
Insulating material
Several different insulation materials may be used at various locations as part of the house envelope, depending on available space, ease of access and other installation requirements. Most insulation is used to prevent the conduction of heat. In some cases radiation is a factor. A good insulator is obviously a poor conductor. A Less dense materials are better insulators. The denser the material, the closer its atoms are together. That means the transfer of energy of one atom to the next is more effective. Gases insulate better than liquids, which in turn insulate better than solids. poor conductors of electricity are also poor heat conductors. Wood is a much better insulator than copper. the material--like wood--does not conduct heat well.
A ir a s a in s u la tin g m a te r
Still air is not a good conductor of heat and can be a relatively good insulator. However, in large spaces such as wall cavities, heat can still be lost across the air space by convection and radiation. Insulation divides the air space into many small pockets of still air; inhibiting heat transfer by convection. At the same time, the insulation material reduces radiation across the space.
Blown-in loose-fill
Blown-in loose-fill insulation includes cellulose, fiberglass, or rock wool in the form of loose fibers or fiber pellets that are blown using pneumatic equipment, usually by professional installers. This form of insulation can be used in wall cavities. It is also appropriate for unfinished attic floors, for irregularly shaped areas, and for filling in around In the open wall cavities of a obstructions.
new house, cellulose and fiberglass fibers can also be sprayed after mixing the fibers with an adhesive or foam to make them resistant to settling.
Foam insulation
Foam insulation can be applied by a professional using special equipment to meter, mix, and spray the foam into place. Polyisocyanurate and polyurethane foam insulation can be produced in two forms: open-cell and closed-cell. In general, open-celled foam allows water vapor to move through the material more easily than closed-cell foam.
Rigid insulatio
Rigid insulation is made from fibrous materials or plastic foams and is produced in board-like forms and molded pipe coverings. These provide full coverage with few heat loss paths and are often able to provide a greater R-value where space is limited. Such boards may be faced with a reflective foil that reduces heat flow when next to an air space. Rigid insulation is often used for foundations and as an insulative wall sheathing.
Reflective insulation
Reflective insulation systems are fabricated from aluminum foils with a variety of backings such as kraft paper, plastic film, polyethylene bubbles, or cardboard. The resistance to heat flow depends on the heat flow direction, and this type of insulation is most effective in reducing downward heat flow. Reflective systems are typically located between roof . rafters, floor joists, or wall studs
R-value
R-Value
The R-value of a material is its resistance to heat flow and is an indication of its ability to insulate. It is used as a standard way of telling how good a material will insulate.The higher the R-value, the better the insulation.
Definition
The R-value is the reciprocal of the amount of heat energy per area of material per degree difference between the outside and inside. Its units of measurement for R-value are: (square feet x hour x degree F)/BTU in the English system and (square meters x degrees C)/watts in the metric system Table Insulation for the home has R-values usually in the range of R-10 up to R-30.
I N S U L
A T I O N
SOUND
Sound Insulation
The use of building materials and construction assemblies designed to reduce the transmission of air-born structure-born sound from one room to another or from the exterior to the interior of a building . the function of sound insulation is the prevention of transmission of sound .
Noise is defined as unwanted sound and may be due to frequency of sound or intensity of sound or both. Noise from their origin point of view is of the following two types.
OUTDOOR NOISES
These noise have source of origin outside the room or buildings such as road traffic, railways , airplanes ,lifts , loud speakers ,moving machinery in the neighborhood or in adjacent buildings.
INDOOR NOISES
These noise have their source of origin inside the room or building, such as conservation of the occupants ,cisterns, in water closets , working of typewriters, playing of radios, gramophones.
Through air . By the vibration of structure members. Through the structure members.
Transmission loss
A measure of a performance of a building material or construction assembly in preventing the transmission of airborne sound, equal to the reduction in sound intensity as it passes through the material or assembly when tested at all one -third octave band center frequencies from 125 to 4000 Hz. expressed in decibels
Working principal
The first and foremost way of insulating against air borne noise is to isolate it at source . The residential building should be properly located in a quiet area away from the noisy surroundings the building should be properly oriented. The different units of a building should be properly planned. The provision of furnishing material and living of walls and ceilings by means of air filled materials like felts ,strawboards ,glass wool quilts, coyotes, acoustic etc help to reduce the noise to a great extent .
Working principal
The transmission of noise by vibration can be prevented by making the walls, floors, partisan very rigid and massive or heavy. The control of impact sound to some extent is possible by either providing resilient material like carpet ,linoleum ,cock under layers etc. Structure borne noise or sounds can be prevent by introducing discontinuities in the path of vibrating waves and by sound absorbing materials
SAND
RCC FLOOR
FOUNDATION WALL
Concrete floor
In case of concrete floor ,the resilient layer on which the floating floor is intended to rest, is turned up at all edges which about the wall partition or other parts of structure the various types of floating floor construction for concrete floor are explained below.
This consist of a layer of concrete screed (1:11/2:3) not less than 5 cm in thickness and resting on a resilient layer of mineral wood quilt laid over the structural floor slab and turned up against the surrounding walls ar all the edges. The quilt is covered with a waterproof paper to prevent wet concrete running through it.
Suspended ceiling
In this type the uses of suspended ceiling provides insulation against air borne sound and soft floor finish of resilient covering such as carpets,corks or linoleum etc. thick ,provide If sufficiently insulation against structure borne or impact sound .
Soft floor
In this type 5 cm thick light weight concrete screed gives a certain amount of insulation against air borne sound but in addition the uses of resilient floor gives a high insulation against both air borne and impact sound . The uses of dense topping has two fold functions It provides a suitable base for the floor finish. It provides an impervious air tight layers ,sealing the top of the light weight screed.
Wooden floors
In case of floors constructed of wooden joists, the problem of sound insulation becomes more difficult particularly in the presence of heavy mechanical impact sound . This problem in case of timber floors is taken care of either by making the wall thicker below the floor or making the floor itself heavy and stiff enough to reduce the vibration of the walls . Two different types of wooden joist floating floor which gives adequate insulation are given below .
TYPE III USE OF SUSPEVDED CEILING WITH AIR SPACE In this construction ,a false independent ceiling is connected below the solid or wooden floor by means of metal hanger , acoustic clips etc with an air space in between . The construction offer good insulation against both the air borne as well as the structure borne sound and especially suitable in case of wood joist floor .
conclusion
The increase in transmission loss or sound reduction of a solid massive construction is slow in proportion to the increase in its thickness. If the material is uses is of porous and flexible nature ,like hair felt ,its sound insulation is proportional to its thickness . In double wall or cavity wall construction an air space is generally better than a filling material ,since it may be detrimental to sound insulation ,if it bridge the separated surfaces.
conclusion
A cavity wall with two leaves having thickness of 10 cm each has 80% increase in insulation value as compared to a single brick solid wall of 20 cm thickness, without any increase in weight bit with little increase in cost. and solid glass panel have better insulation property as compared to larger and thicker flexible glass panel. Double glazing of glass window improves insulation to a considerable degree. Sealed double windows or triple window of plate glass with an air space in between can be successfully used where sound proofing is desired.
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