NGUYN HM TCH PHN

TRN C NGC GV TRNG THPT TN K I I-Nguyn hm cc hm hu t - NGH AN

1/Nguyn hm cc hm s a thc : Da vo nh ngha,tnh cht v cng thc nguyn hm cc hm s thng gp tnh V d : Tnh I = = 2/Nguyn hm cc hm s phn thc :Ta tm cch tnh cc nguyn hm dng I= Trong h(x) , g(x) l cc a thc bin s x .

*1.Nu bc ca t thc cao hn hay bng bc mu thc th chia a thc ,tch hm s thnh tng hai hm s : mt hm s a thc v mt hm phn thc c bc ca t thc nh hn bc mu thc ,hoc t thc l hng s. = q(x) + .Trong q(x) , r(x) l cc a thc .Bc r(x) nh hn bc g(x) hoc r(x) .Bc r(x) nh

l hng s. Nh vy ta ch cn phi nghin cu cch tnh cc nguyn hm I = hn bc g(x) hoc r(x) l hng s. *2. Tnh cc nguyn hm I = + Dng I: vi a I1 = + Dng II: vi a I2 = + Dng III: vi a I3 = cn xt vi a = 1 .V nu a phn.C I3 = Xt I3 = =

.Bc r(x) nh hn bc g(x) hoc r(x) l hng s.

.(i bin s - t U = ax+b) = = ln +C

.(i bin s - t U = ax+b ) = = +C

, h(x) l nh thc bc nht hoc l hng s .Ty vo s c nghim hay v nghim ca g(x) = ax2+bx+c .Ta ch th mu thc ly a lm nhn t ,a hng s ra ngoi du tch Vi b1 = , c1 =

a -Nu x2+bx+c = (x- x1)(x- x2) Th dng phng php h s bt nh tm 2 s A , B sao

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NGUYN HM TCH PHN

cho : Do : I3 = = + =A . + = Aln(x-x1)+Bln(x-x2) + C

b -Nu x2+bx+c = (x- x0)2 .(x0 l nghim kp ca mu thc ) Hai trng hp : * Trng hp h(x) l hng s a,ta c : I3 = (Dng I2 khi = 2 Dng c bit,hay gp ,nn nh) *Trng hp h(x) = px+ q l nh thc bc nht (Vi p Bin i: I3 = = = + (q ) = = 0) . + +( . Do ta c: - q). +C = =+C

c -Nu x2+bx+c = 0 v nghim . Ta bin i: Do : = = + (q ) = +

+ C + (q -

Nguyn hm : J =

dng I =

, vi u = x +

v a =

Nguyn hm I = I= + Dng IV : I4 =

. t u = atant ,Th du = a(1 + tan2t)dt v u2+a2 = a2(1 + tan2t) Ta c: = = = +C

.Trong h(x) l a thc c bc nh hn 3 hoc h(x) l hng s

a-Nu g(x) = x3+ax2+bx+c c 3 nghim phn bit x3+ax2+bx+c = (x x1)(x x2)(x x3) Bng phng php h s bt nh,tm 3 s A , B , C sao cho : Do : = + +

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NGUYN HM TCH PHN

I4 = =A +B +C = A.ln +B.ln + C.ln +D

b-Nu g(x) = x3+ax2+bx+c = (x- x1)(x- x0)2 vi x1 x0 (1 nghim kp v 1 nghim n) Th Bng phng php h s bt nh,tm 3 s A , B , C sao cho : Do : I4 = =A = A.ln + + . ln = +

=A

+ +

=A

.dx

+ (Bx0-C).

+ D (i du ri,yn tm)

c-Nu g(x) = x3+ax2+bx+c = (x- x1)(x2+px + q) trong x2+px+q = 0 v nghim Th Bng phng php h s bt nh,tm 3 s A , B , C sao cho : = +

= Do : I4 =

+ =A + .

= +

+ . ).

= A.ln(x-x1) + Trong : J =

.ln(x2+px+q) + (C -

+D

( ni r Dng III: c -Nu mu thc v nghim)

Trng hp t thc l bc 2 th c th bin i Do : I4 = = +

= .Vi p1= p; q1 = q -

Bi tp: Tnh nguyn hm 1. I = 2. I = ; I= ; I= ; I= ;I= ; I= ;I= ; I= ;I= ;I= ;I= ;I=

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NGUYN HM TCH PHN

3. I = I= 4. a/ b/ I=
2

;I= ;I=

;I= ; I= Ch :

;I= ;I=

;I= ; I= =(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)

;I= ; I=

I=
1

dx x
3

Ch : Ch : Ch : = Ch : Ch : Ch : Ch : Ch : + + = (x-2)(x2+4x+4) = (2x-1)(x2+4x+4) = (2x-1)(x2+4x+4) =(x-1)(x-2)(x-3) = (x+1)(x2-x+1) = (2x-1)(x2+4x+4) = (3x-2)(x2+2x+3)

c/ I = d/ I = e/ I = g/ I= 5. a/ I = b/ I = c/ I = d/ I = 6. I = Hng dn :

Tm cc s A,B,C,D,E

= .dx (

+ , t x = tant )

7. I =

8. I =

9. I =

I=

I=

I=

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NGUYN HM TCH PHN

II.Nguyn hm cc hm s Lng gic
1.Nguyn hm hm hp 1/ I = 2/ I = 3/ I = 4/ I = = = = = = = sin(ax+b) +C =tan(ax+b) + C cos(ax+b) +C

= - cot(ax+b) + C , f(x) = (Vi m,n N)

2. Nguyn hm ca hm s f(x) = cosmx.sinnx .Hoc f(x) = -i bin s ,a v nguyn hm ca hm s hu t

1/ Nu s m ca cosx l (m l s l) th t sinx = t .Ngc li nu s m ca sinx l (n l s l) th t cosx = t.(Nu m v n u l s l th t cosx = t hoc sinx = t u c) V d 1 : I = - t sinx = t Ta c I = . = = +C

- Ch :C th h bc bin i tch thnh tng a nguyn hm ca f(x) = cosmx.sinnx v nguyn hm hm hp.Chng hn v d 1 trn ta gii cch 2: I= = V d 2 : - t sinx = t Ta c I = V d 3 : I = = I= =I= =I= = = cos3x - cosx + C =

(Mc d t sinx = t cng c nhng cosx mu thc ,t cosx = t) =I= = t2 - ln +C =I=

-t cosx = t.Ta vit I = =

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NGUYN HM TCH PHN

V d 4 : I = = = = - ln + C ( t cosx = t) 2/Nu s m ca c cosx v sinx u l s chn (m v n u chn) *Nu f(x) = cosmx.sinnx Trong m v n u l s t nhin chn th h bc bin i tng thnh tch a v nguyn hm hm hp. V d 5: I = = = = = *Nu f(x) = V d 5 : -Ta c : I = = V d 6 : I = -Ta c : I = = = tanx x + C x+ x+ sin2x sin2x sin4x sin4x =I= dx = sin6x sin6x + C sin2x + C = .2cos2xdx dx

, t tanx = t ;Nu f(x) = I=

, t cotx=t (vi m v n u l s chn )

= ( t tanx = t)

(V mu thc l sin2 x,chnh l mu thc ca cot2x nn ta t cotx = t) =I= =.d(cotx) = - . cot3x + C

(Thc cht t cotx = t nhng vit tt cho gn thi) V d 7 : I = -Ta c : I = = (V mu thc l cos2x,chnh l mu thc ca tan2x nn ta t tanx = t) =I= = = tanx + + sin2x x+C =

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NGUYN HM TCH PHN

3.Nguyn hm ca hm s f(x) = Vi h(x) v g(x) l cc biu thc bc nht ca sinx,cosx *Nu thay cosx bi (-cosx) m hm s i du th t sinx = t *Nu thay sinx bi (-sinx) m hm s i du th t cosx = t *Nu thay cosx bi (-cosx) v sinx bi (-sinx) m hm s khng i th t tanx = t hoc cotx = t -C nhng bi dng phng php lin kt. 1/ Nu thay cosx bi (-cosx) m hm s i du th t sinx = t V d 8 : I = = = = =

= (Nguyn hm Hm s hu t)

2/ Nu thay sinx bi (-sinx) m hm s i du th t cosx = t V d 8 : I = = -2 = -2 = -2 =

3/Nu thay cosx bi (-cosx) v sinx bi(-sinx) m hm s khng i th t tanx = t hoc cotx = t V d 9 : I = -Ta c I = (Dng = .Vi u = 1 + tanx) (t tanx = t th dx = = , sinx = = cosx = )

4/Nu khng tha mn mt trong 3 du hiu trn th t t = tan .Ta c dt = (1+ tan2 ).dx Nn dx = , v c sinx = , cosx = Tnh nguyn hm I = , v c sinx = . ,cosx = .

V d 10 :

t t = tan .Ta c : dt = (1+ tan2 ).dx Nn dx = Do : I= =I=

=-

+C

5/Tnh nguyn hm : I = -Tch t thc thnh mt tng, c mt s hng l o hm ca mu thc :

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NGUYN HM TCH PHN

I= =I= . dx

= =

+ + .dx

= ln

.dx .

Tnh : J =

.dx . xt cc du hiu nh trnh by trn .Nu khng tha mn

du hiu no(trong 1/ , 2/ , 3/) th t t = tan V d 11 : I = J= k=

4. Nguyn hm ca f(x) = cosax.cosbx , f(x) = cosax.sinbx , f(x) = sinax.sinbx : -Bin i tch thnh tng , a v nguyn hm ca hm hp V d 12 : Tnh I = V d 13 : Tnh I = = = =.cos9x + cos7x = cos3x + cosx + C = .sin8x + .sin2x) +C

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2 2 2 2

Bi tp : 1/ sin 2 x cos4 xdx

0 2 0 2

sin 2 x cos3 xdx

0

sin 4 x cos5 xdx

0 2

(sin 3 x cos3 )dx

2

2/ cos 2 x(sin 4 x cos4 x)dx ; (2 sin 2 x sin x cos x cos2 x)dx ;

0 0

1 dx ; 2 sin x 0

1 dx sin x

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NGUYN HM TCH PHN

3/
dx 2 2 sin x cos x cos2 x 0 sin x
2 4

cos x dx 1 cos x 0
2

;
0

cos x dx ; 2 cos x
2

sin x dx 2 sin x 0
3

4/ (sin10 x cos10 x cos4 x sin 4 x)dx

0

;
0

dx 2 cos x
4

sin 3 x dx 1 cos2 x 0
4

dx sin x. cos x
4

5/

cos3 x dx 1 cos x 0
2

1 dx sin x cos x 1 0
4

cos xdx (1 cos x) 2

4

tg 3 xdx
0

cot g 3 xdx
6 4

tg 4 xdx

6/

1 dx 1 tgx 0
2

dx cos x cos(x 4 )

1 sin x dx
0
0

dx 2 sin x 3 cos x

4 sin 3 x dx 4 13 0 1 cos x
4

7/

2 dx sin 3x dx sin 2 x sin x 1 cos x 0 4

sin 2 x(1 sin 2 x) 3 dx

0

3 3

8/ cos x sin x dx
0
4

2 sin 3 x sin x dx dx 3 1 sin x cos x sin xtgx 0

sin 3 x dx 2 a 2 sin 2 x b 2 cos x 0 cos x sin 2 xdx

4

9/

dx 2 sin x 1 0
6

cos xdx 1 cos2 x

3

sin x cos x 3 sin 2 x

dx cos3 x sin 5 xdx

4

sin 4 xdx 2 0 1 cos x

3

dx 5 sin x 3 0

10/
6

dx 4 sin x cos x
0

dx sin x sin( x
sin 2 x (2 sin x) 2
2

dx sin x cos(x
2

sin 2 xdx 3 tgxtg ( x cos6 x

6

) dx

4 sin xdx 11/ cos x) 3 0 (sin x 1 sin x x e dx 1 cos x 0

2 2

sin 3 x dx
0 0

x 2 cos xdx
0

sin 2 x.e 2 x 1 dx

xdx 2 2 0 cos x
cos x dx 1 2 sin x
4

2
4

12/

sin 3x sin 4 x dx tgx cot g 2 x

3

sin 2 xdx 2 5 sin x 6 0 sin x

cos(ln x)dx
1

13/ cos x 1 sin x dx

0
6

ln(sin x) dx cos2 x

(2 x 1) cos2 xdx
0

x sin x cos2 xdx xtg 2 xdx tg 5 xdx

0
0 0

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NGUYN HM TCH PHN

2

14/ e 2 x sin 2 xdx e sin x sin x cos3 xdx

0
0

dx 2 cos x) 2 0 (sin x

ln(1 tgx)dx I=
0

15/

(1 sin x) cos x dx cos2 x) 0 (1 sin x )(2

cos x sin 2 x cos3 xdx

0

cos8 x cos7 x dx 1 2 cos5 x 0

III.Nguyn hm ca hm s V t (Hm s c cha cn thc)

Bng cch i bin s, a nguyn hm ca hm s v t v nguyn hm hm s hu t hoc hm s lng gic.Ta tin hnh vi mt s dng sau y

1.Nguyn hm ca hm s ch cha x v mt cn thc :

-Thng thng : t cn l t hoc biu thc trong cn l t V d 1 : I = - t Do : I = .dx = t Ta c x + 2 = t2 nn dx = 2t.dt v .dx = I = =2 = (t 1) = = (t2 1).t

Cch 2 : t (x+2) = t th dx = dt , (x + 1) Do : I = V d 2 : I = -t -Do : I = 2. V d 3 : I = = t , x + 1 = t2 nn dx = 2t.dt v = 2. . t =

+C

= (y l nguyn hm ca hm hu t) =t

2.Nguyn hm ca hm s phn thc cha nhiu cn,bc khc nhau :bc m, n m biu thc trong cn ging nhau : t cn bc r l t vi r l BSCNN ca m,n
V d 4 : I =

TRN C NGC * T 0985128747 * YN SN , LNG , NGH AN * GV THPT TN K I NGH AN * (10)

NGUYN HM TCH PHN

t Do : I = = t ,ta c x + 1 = t 6 nn dx = 6 t5dt, =6 = t 3, = t2

(y l nguyn hm hm hm s hu t)

3.Nguyn hm ca hm s phn thc ch cha x v a,b,c

-Ta c Hai trng hp : 1/Nu 2/Nu 0 : Th <0: =

R,a

0:i bin s a v nguyn hm ca hm s Lng gic ( ni trn)

= . Gi (x + ) = u v = =

= . (a > 0 , v < 0 nn a > 0 cn thc mi c ngha ) Nh vy , bao gi cng a c v mt trong 3 trng hp sau : *1 Hm s cha u v , t u = .tant *2 Hm s cha u v , t u =

, t u = .sint a v nguyn hm cc hm s Lng gic ni trn.

*3 Hm s cha u v

Mt s trng hp ring :
1/ Tnh I1 =

.t t = x + +
-Ta s c : I =

(khng quan tm

dng ,m )

=
Ta c I = =

V d 5 : I = Cch 2 : Tnh : I=

. t t = x + 1 + .
v

t x +1 = 2.tant .Ta c : dx = 2.(1 + tan2t).dt = Do ta c : I= Ch : V : = == = =-

(M du gtt ri i bin s , t u= sint )

= =

= =

du = .ln du = .ln

+C +C

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NGUYN HM TCH PHN

2/Tnh I2 =

= + (B ) .t t = x + + =A
+(B ni trn )

=A
(Trong : I1 =

)I1

V d 6 : I =

= (Tnh

.dx = = .ln

V d 5 ngay pha trn)

3/Tnh

I3 =

.
I= dz , (x -2)

t (x d ) =

a v dng I1 ni trn .

V d 7 : t x-2 =

Tnh : th dx = -

= .

Do : I =

= -

(Gi s z > 0,Nu z <0 th?)

(Tnh 4/ Tnh I4 =

V d 5 pha trn)

Trong Pn(x) l a thc bin s x , c bc n. + .I1 = Qn-1(x). l s thc. + . (*)

Cch gii : a v dng I = Qn-1(x). Gi s : I4 =

Vi Qn-1(x) l a thc bin s x ,bc (n-1) v

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NGUYN HM TCH PHN

Ly vi phn hai v ca (*) v ng nht cc h s ca nhng a thc do vi phn c c, ta s tm c cc h s ca a thc Qn-1(x) v h s . Cui cng ch cn phi tnh I1 = (t t = t = x + + V d 8 : Tnh tch phn I = Li gii: Ga s : - Ta phi tm cc h s: a, b,
Ly vi phn hai v . ( ni trn)

nh ni r trn )

( y P2(x) = x2-1 V n = 2, Q1(x) = ax + b ) = (ax+b).

+ .

V d : Ta vit : I= .dx =

Tnh :

I=

.dx

.dx =

+ .

(*)

V Pn(x) = x2 + 2x + 4 (n = 2) nn Qn-1(x) = ax + b (Bc ca n l 1). -Ta tm cc s thc a, b, sao cho : .dx = (ax+b). + . Ly o hm hai v .Ch n: o hm ca nguyn hm th bng hm s di du tch phn, nh cc cng thc :o hm ca mt tch v o hm ca .Tm c a, b, thay vo (*).Cui cng l tnh Xem phn trn trnh by.
BI TP : 1/ I = I= I= I=

, t t = x + 1+

Hoc t (x+1) =

2/ I =

I=

.dx I =

I=

.dx vi a > 0

3/ I =

.dx

I=

I=

I=

4/

.dx ,

.dx =

.dx

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Chc cc bn thnh cng trong s nghip

TRN C NGC * T 0985128747 * YN SN , LNG , NGH AN * GV THPT TN K I NGH AN * (13)