CURS AutoCAD

Files/New

Utilizarea unui model:Template

Crearea unui nou desen

Definirea zonei de desenare:

Command: Limits Format menu: Limits Reset Model space limits: ON/OFF/<Lower left corner> <0.0000,0.0000>: Upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 420,297 (pentru format A3)

Definirea sistemului de unitati:

Command: Units Format menu: Drawing Units sau Command: DDUNITS

Salvarea operatiilor efectuate

Command: Save sau Qsave sau End Draw menu: File/Save

Se denumeste noul desen:

nume.dwg in folderul ales

Instrumente de proiectare

Utilizarea casetei de dialog Drawing Aids: Command:DDRMODES Folosirea grilei Command: Grid sau tasta F7 sau dublu clic pe bara de stare/Grid Grid spacing(X) or ON/OFF/Snap/Aspect <0.5000>: 5 sau diverse valori pentru spatierea verticala si orizontala: Command: Grid Grid spacing(X) or ON/OFF/Snap/Aspect <5.0000>: a Horizontal spacing(X) <5.0000>:4 Vertical spacing(X) <5.0000>: 1 Utilizarea modului Snap Command: Snap sau tasta F8 sau dublu clic pe bara de stare/Snap Snap spacing or ON/OFF/Aspect/Rotate/Style <0.5000>: 1 Command: Snap pentru rotirea sablonului pentru Snap Snap spacing or ON/OFF/Aspect/Rotate/Style <1.0000>: r Base point <0.0000,0.0000>: Rotation angle <0>: 45

Comenzi primare de desenare:

POINT:
Command: Point Point:120,150 Draw menu: Format/Point Style forma se alege de exemplu: Command: PDMODE<0>: 5

LINE:
Draw menu: Line Command: line From point: 100,45 se specifica un punct To point:130,75 se specifica un al doilea punct To point: se specifica un al treilea punct Folosirea coordonatelor: relative, carteziene si polare: Command: line From point:50,50 To point:@50,0 segment de 50 mm pe orizontala To point:@30<45 segment de 0 mm la 45o

Exemplu:
Command: line From point: 30,70 To point: 130,120 To point: u To point: 100,120 To point: @0,50 To point: @50,0 To point: @50<45 To point: @100<-90

To point: @-40,-20
To point: c

CIRCLE:

Command: circle Draw menu: Circle

3P / 2P / TTR / <Center point>: 135,50 Diameter/<Radius>: d 30 <Center point>=> cerc definit de un punct si de raza sau diametru 3P => cerc determinat de trei puncte 2P => cerc determinat de doua puncte TTR=> cerc determinat de doua puncte de tangenta si raza

Exemple: Command: circle (se defineste punctul direct pe ecran, raza implicita) 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: <Snap on> Diameter/<Radius> <45.0000>: Command: (Enter) CIRCLE 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: Diameter/<Radius> <60.0000>: d Diameter <120.0000>: 50 Command: (Enter) CIRCLE 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: 145,200 Diameter/<Radius> <25.0000>: d (se defineste diametrul) Diameter<50>:30 Command: (Enter) CIRCLE 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: 100,100 Diameter/<Radius> <70.0000>: 60 (se defineste raza) Command: c CIRCLE 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: @120,0 (se defineste centrul prin coordonate relative pata de ultima punctare) Diameter/<Radius> <60.0000>: (Enter)

Cerc determinat de trei puncte necoliniare: Command: circle 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: 3P First point: 100,100 Second point: 50,30 Third point: 120,150 Cerc determinat de doua puncte: Command: c CIRCLE 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: 2P First point on diameter: 135,140 Second point on diameter: 190,100 Cerc tangent la doua entitati : Command: c CIRCLE 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: TTR Enter Tangent spec:se selecteaza o entitate (cerc, dreapta, arc) Enter second Tangent spec: Radius <50.9902>: 50

ELLIPSE:

Command: Ellipse Draw menu:Ellipse Arc/Center/<Axis endpoint 1>: 50,50 punct de inceput al primei axe Axis endpoint 2: @30<0 lungimea si directia primei axe <Other axis distance>/Rotation: @10<90 distanta pana la un capat al celeilalte axe Command: _ellipse comanda din meniu Arc/Center/<Axis endpoint 1>: _c alegere din meniu Center of ellipse: 100,100 centrul elipsei (1) Axis endpoint: @-80,0 distanta dintre axe (2) <Other axis distance>/Rotation: @0,60 distanta pana la un capat al celeilalte axe (2)

ARC:

Command: arc Draw menu: Arc Center / <Start point>: Command: arc Center/<Start point>: 50,50 punct de inceput Center/End/<Second point>: c definire centru arc Center: @80,0 Angle/Length of chord/<End point>: a definire unghi arc Included angle: -120 Command: arc Center/<Start point>: 210,50 Center/End/<Second point>: c Center: @50,30 Angle/Length of chord/<End point>: 230,120

Exemple: Command: arc Center/<Start point>: 100,100 Center/End/<Second point>: c Center: @50,0 Angle/Length of chord/<End point>: a Included angle: 90 Command: arc Center/<Start point>: 100,120 Center/End/<Second point>: c Center: 120,120 Angle/Length of chord/<End point>: <Ortho/on> pentru 90o (180o) Command: arc Center/<Start point>: 140,100 Center/End/<Second point>: End point: end (activare modul SNAP)

Entitat nlantuite: LINE, ARC, CIRCLE.

Exercitiu: Command: line From point: <Grid on> 100,100 To point: @0,30 Command: arc Center/<Start point>: End point: <Snap on> Command: line From point:(enter) Length of line:30 ( tangent la arc) Command: arc Center/<Start point>: end Center/End/<Second point>: c Center: @0,20 Angle/Length of chord/<End point>: a Included angle: 90 Command: l LINE From point: (enter) Length of line: 40 To point: (definit punctul) Command: a ARC Center/<Start point>: (enter) End point: <Snap on> Command: line...

Exemplul 2 Command: line LINE From point: 100,100 To point: @100<60 To point: @100<-30 To point: Command: C CIRCLE 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: 160,130 Command: C CIRCLE 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: T (cerc tangent la doua entitati) Enter Tangent spec: (se selecteaza entitatile, aici segmentele) Enter second Tangent spec: Radius <30.0000>: 50

Comenzi de vizualizare: REDRAW, REGEN, ZOOM, VIEWRES, PAN

Redesenarea ecranului cu indepartarea cruciulitelor (blips): Command: Redraw View menu: Redraw Command: Regen Regenerarea completa a afisajului: Redesenarea cu modificarea vizualizarii desenului: Vizualizarea elementelor dintr-o fereastra bine definita: Command: Zoom All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale(X/XP)/Window/<Realtime>: w First corner: (clic) Other corner: (clic) (se vizualizeaza fereastra definita) Vizualizarea intregului desen: Command: Zoom All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale(X/XP)/Window/<Realtime>: a Vizualizarea ecranului anterior: Command: Zoom All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale(X/XP)/Window/<Realtime>: p

View Menu: Zoom Command: Zoom All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale(X/XP)/Window/<Realtime>: All => Vizualizarea intregului desen Center => Vizualizare impunand centrul viitorului ecran Dynamic => Vizualizare dinamica cu un view box ales Extents => Redimensioneaza partea din desen care are obiecte Previous => Vizualizarea ecranului anterior Scale => Vizualizarea desenului la o scala impusa X/XP => Incrementarea sau decrementarea imaginii la o anumita scara Windows => Vizualizarea elementelor dintr-o fereastra bine definita Pentru deplasarea imaginii, fara apelarea comenzii Zoom View Menu:Pan Command: Pan Press Esc or Enter to exit, or right-click to activate pop-up menu.

Grad de acuratete: VIEWRES

Command: viewres Do you want fast zooms? <Y> Enter circle zoom percent (1-20000) <2>: 10 Regenerating drawing.

Command: viewres Do you want fast zooms? <Y> Enter circle zoom percent (1-20000) <2>: 1000 Regenerating drawing.

Crearea vederilor cu View si DDView:

Salvarea vederilor si accesarea lor ulterioara View menu: Named View Command: View sau DDView Se deschide caseta de dialog pentru controlul vederii, View Control Command: view ?/Delete/Restore/Save/Window: S View name to save: cerc ? => listeaza vederile denumite Delete => Stergere veder I denumite Restore => Restaurare vedere salvata Save => Salvare vedere, denumire Window=> Delimitarea vederii intr-o fereastra

Comenzi primare de editare

ERASE, UNDO, OOPS, REDO:

Modify menu: Erase Command: Erase Select objects selectarea la aparitia mesajului prin: Window, Crossing, Last, Previous, Remove, Add, Undo. anulare stergere sau sageata stanga din Toolbars: Command: Undo sau U anulare Undo sau sageata dreapta din Toolbars: Command: Redo refacerea entitatilor dupa stergere Command: Oops

UNDO:

Comanda Undo poate fi folosita oricand nu numai dupa Erase: Command: Undo Auto/Control/BEgin/End/Mark/Back/<Number>: 4 (revenire cu 4 operatii) LINE ARC CIRCLE CIRCLE GROUP Command: Undo Auto/Control/BEgin/End/Mark/Back/<Number>: Auto => ON/OFF <On>: activare UNDO BEgin=> revenire la inceput Mark => marcheaza momentul curent pana unde se va putea reveni Back => aduce desenul inapoi pana la marcarea cu Mark anuleaza ultima comanda Command: U anuleaza numai ultima stergere Command: Oops

Mijloace de selectie:

Command: Erase Select objects: Window =>se defineste o fereastra ce cuprinde entitatile Crossing => se defineste o fereastra ce intersecteaza entitatile Last =>se sterge ultima entitate desenata Box =>combina Window si Crossing All =>sterge to exceptand layere-le inghetate Wpolygon =>selectie cu un contur poligonal tip window Cplygon =>selectie cu un contur poligonal ce intersecteaza entitatile Remove =>scoate din selectie alegerile gresite Undo =>anuleaza selectia

Wpolygon

CPolygon

Utilizarea modului de fixare pe obiecte: Object Snap

Tools menu: Object Snap settings Command: Osnap Se deschide caseta de dialog Object Snap cu urmatoarele fixari: ENDpoint MIDpoint CENter NODe QUAdrat INTersection INSert PERpendicular TANgent NEArest APParent Intersection

Ce sunt straturile?
LAYER:
Command:Layer Format menu: Layer sau Command: DDLmodes apare caseta de dialog Layer $ Linetype Propreties si se insereaza cu comada New straturile noi corespunzatoare. Fiecarui strat se poate atribui un anumit tip de linie: In caseta de dialog Layer $ Linetype Properties clic la Axe pe tipul implicit de linie Continuous apare caseta Select Linetyle, clic pe Load apare Load or Relode Linetypes clic pe ISO dash dot se va incarca apoi selecta tipul de linie ISO dash dot

Modificarile ce se pot face stratului: Controlul culorii: din caseta Layer $ Linetype Properties clic pe casuta Color care ofera paleta de culori a AutoCAD-ului; Controlul vizibilitatii stratului: straturile se pot activa sau dezactiva pentru marirea vizibilitatii desenului, ele nu se vizualizeaza pe desen si nici nu se ploteaza; Inghetarea si dezghetarea straturilor: straturile se pot inghetarea si dezghetarea pentru marirea vizibilitatii desenului, ele nu se vizualizeaza pe desen si nici nu se ploteaza.

Un desen prototip se poate crea cu straturile si liniile necesare si salva cu extensia dwt. Se apeleaza apoi din File/New=>Start up

Linetype:

Command:Linetype Format menu: Linetype Apare caseta de dialog Layer $ Linetype Properties

POLYGON:

Command: Polygon Draw menu: Polygon Number of sides <4>: Edge/<Center of polygon>: 50,50 Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle (I/C) <I>: Radius of circle: 40 inscris in cercul de raza 40 Command: (enter) POLYGON Number of sides <4>: 6 Edge/<Center of polygon>: 120,120 Insribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle (I/C) <I>: c Radius of circle: 40 circumscris cercului de raza 40

RECTANGLE:

Traseaza drepunghiuri Command: Rectangle Draw menu: Rectangle Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width/<First corner>: 50,50 Other corner: 100,150 Command: _rectang comanda din meniu Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width/<First corner>: c First chamfer distance for rectangles <0.00>:10 Second chamfer distance for rectangles <10.00>: enter Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width/<First corner>: w Width for rectangles <50.0000>: 0.5 grosime linie Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width/<First corner>: 120,50 primul colt Other corner: 165,150

Command: Rectang Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width/<First corner>: f Fillet radius for rectangles <10.00>: Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width/<First corner>: w Width for rectangles <0.50>: 0.4 Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width/<First corner>: <Snap on> activare modul snap Other corner: 280,150

MOVE:

Muta unul sa mai multe obiecte selectate, se alege un punct asociat obiectelor si se muta punctul Command:Move Modify menu: Move Command: Move Select objects: 1 found se selecteaza obiectul Select objects: 1 found se selecteaza urmatorul obiect Select objects: daca nu mai sunt obiecte de mutat, enter se indica punctul de baza cu un clik, apoi punctul final Base point or displacement: Second point of displacement: Selectia se face prin metodele de selectie cunoscute Command:M MOVE Select objects: Other corner: 2 found selecte se face prin metoda W Select objects: enter Base point or displacement: Second point of displacement: @0,50

COPY:

Copiere de obiecte simpla sau multipla se alege un punct asociat obiectelor si se copiaza punctul Command: Copy Modify menu: Copy Command: copy Select objects: Other corner: 2 found Select objects: enter se indica punctul de baza cu un clik, apoi punctul final <Base point or displacement>/Multiple: Second point of displacement: Command: _copy Select objects: 1 found Select objects: <Base point or displacement>/Multiple: m Base point: Second point of displacement: Second point of displacement: Second point of displacement: Second point of displacement: Second point of displacement: Second point of displacement:

ROTATE:

Rotirea absoluta a obiectelor Command: Rotate Modify menu: Rotate Command: rotate Select objects: Other corner: 6 found selectie window Select objects:enter Base point: se alege punctul fata de care se face rotatia <Rotation angle>/Reference: -45 unghiul de rotatie Rotirea obiectelor fata de o directie oarecare Command: _rotate din meniu Select objects: Other corner: 6 found selectie window Select objects:enter Base point: se alege punctul fata de care se face rotatia <Rotation angle>/Reference: r unghiul de referinta Reference angle <10>: New angle: -35 rotite cu diferenta celor doua valori

Exemplu de rotatie folosind mijlocul unei laturi, se va face o rotatie raportata la latura considerata cu 90o Command: rotate Select objects: Other corner: 6 found Select objects: Base point: mid se selecteaza mijlocul unei laturi of <Rotation angle>/Reference: r Reference angle <0>: @ introducerea caracterului @ creaza un vector pentru definirea unghiului de start Second point: <Ortho on> se activeaza orto New angle: 90 S-a reprezentat cu linii inrerupta obiectul rotit cu 90o

SCALE:

Scalare cu factor de scara Command: Scale Modify menu: Scale Select objects: Other corner: 1 found selectie W Select objects: enter Base point: se puncteaza locul unde se doreste plasarea obiectului <Scale factor>/Reference: 0.5 Scalarea fata de o lungime de referinta Command: scale Select objects: Other corner: 1 found Select objects: Base point: _int of se selecteaza o intersectie cu modul Osnap <Scale factor>/Reference: r se alege o lungime de referinta Reference length <1>: 50 pentru lungimea obiectului New length: 80 dimensiune finala a lungimii

MIRROR:

Crearea imaginilor oglindite Command: Mirror Modify menu: Mirror Select objects: Other corner: 6 found Select objects: First point of mirror line: Second point: se traseaza axa de oglindire Delete old objects? <N> n nu se sterge obiectul original Command: _mirror comanda din meniu Select objects: Other corner: 12 found Select objects: First point of mirror line: Second point: Delete old objects? <N> y se sterge obiectul original