BI TON TM IU KIN DY S HI T

I/ PHNG PHP CHUNG:

Khi tm iu kin dy s ( un ) cho bi cng thc un +1 = f (un ) l hi t, ta thng xt cc
tnh cht ca hm s y = f ( x) v nh ca cc min ca D f qua nh x sau: x f ( x) .
II/ CC BI TON C TH:
Bi ton 1:
Cho dy s (un ) tha mn iu kin:
un +1 = un (1 un ), n 1.
Tm u1 dy s (un ) hi t.
Gii:
t u1 = a. T gi thit ta c:
un +1 un = un2 0 ... un un1 ... u2 u1 = a.
Bng cch v th hm s y = f ( x) = x(1 x) v xt tp nh ca cc min tng ng qua nh x
x x (1 x) , ta c cc trng hp:
Trng hp 1: 0 a 1. Khi :
u2 = a (1 a ) 0 suy ra
0 u2 u1 1 0 un 1, n * .
V dy (u n ) khng tng, b chn di bi s 0 nn tn ti lim un = hu hn , ( [ 0;1] ). Chuyn
qua gii hn ta c: = (1 ) = 0 .
Vy nu 0 a 1 th lim un = 0.
Trng hp 2: a < 0 a > 1. Khi :
u2 < 0 u3 < 0. Tng t c: un < 0, n * , n 2. Nu (un ) b chn di th tn ti
lim un = ( < 0). Nhng t iu kin, chuyn qua gii hn c: = (1 ) = 0 (v l).
Vy: vi a < 0 a > 1 th lim un = .
Kt lun: 0 a 1 l cc gi tr cn tm.
Bi ton 2: Tm x1 dy s ( xn ) tha mn:
xn +1 = 3xn2 + 3 xn + 1, (n 1) l dy hi t.
Gii:
iu kin cn:
Xt hm s: f ( x) = x 2 + 3x + 1 . Ta c: xn +1 = f ( xn ) .
V: x 2 + 3 x + 1 x, x nn ( xn ) l dy tng.
Gi s: xn hi t v a a = a 2 + 3a + 1 , ta c a = 1 . M ( xn ) l dy tng nn:
xn 1, n x2 1 x12 + 3x1 + 1 1 2 x1 1.
Vy: iu kin cn ( xn ) hi t l: 2 x1 1.
iu kin :
5

Ta c: nh x f : [ 2; 1] ; 1 [ 2;1] nn nu x1 [ 2; 1] th vi mi n * ta c:
4

xn [ 1; 1] .
V dy s ( xn ) l dy tng v b chn trn nn hi t. Mt khc
f : X := ( ; 2 ) ( 1; + ) ( 1; + ) nn nu x1 X th xn 1 vi mi n * v ( xn ) khng
hi t. (v nu xn hi t v a th 1 = a > 1 , v l).
Kt lun: ( xn ) hi t x1 [ 2; 1] .