Physical Science

Pressure The result of force distributed over an area

Pressure = Force(in Newton's N)/area (m2)
Pascal (Pa) SI unit for Pressure
Named after French scientist, Blaise Pascal (1623 1662)

Pressure in Fluids
Fluid substance that assumes the shape of its container
Liquid and gas

Depth and type of fluid = 2 factors that affect pressure

As depth increases, pressure increases

 Weight of Earth atmosphere at sea level = 101kPa

Air pressure increases with depth of atmosphere just like water AS ALTITUDE INCREASES, AIR PRESSURE DECREASES Why do your ears pop?
Unbalanced air pressure inside and outside your ear b/c pressure changes more quickly than ears adjust
Pressure equalizes when air passes thru a small tube and you hear a pop

Body is not crushed by atmosphere b/c pressure

 Data Analysis p. 392 Section Assessment Questions 1-5 p. 393 Inquiry Activity: what makes something float CBL Lab: Fun with Pressure

 Transmitting Pressure in a Fluid 13.2

Pascals Principle
A change in pressure at any point in a fluid is transmitted equally and unchanged in all directions throughout the liquid

Hydraulic Systems
Device that uses pressurized fluid acting on pistons of different sizes to change a force Input force applied to small piston, pushes on fluid of seal system pushes large piston = output force

 Daniel Bernoulli (1700 1782) As speed of fluid increases, the pressure within fluid decreases
Blow across the top of a piece of paper, paper lifts upward WHY?
Pressure is constant below and decreases above

Wings and Lift

Why can a bird and airplane fly
Aerodynamics so air travels faster over the wings Lift the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the wing creates and upward force Birds can flap wings to produce some lift and forward motion

Sometimes do opposite with cars to keep downward force for traction

 Section Assessment Questions 1-6 p. 397

 Buoyant Force
Buoyancy the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object laying in it Apparent loss of weight
Water exerts and upward force on object, making easier to lift

Acts in opposite direction of gravity Water pressure increases with depth SO forces pushing up on bottom are greater than forces pushing down on top

 Archimedes Greek mathematician died 212 B.C. The buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

 Density = mass/volume
g/cm3 If object less dense than fluid = float

2 forces always act on an object in a fluid

Weight
Equals force of gravity (mass X 9.8 m/s2) Acts downward

Buoyant force
Equals weight of volume of displace fluid Acts upward

When force is equal object floats or is suspended

 Suspended
Same density as the fluid it is submerged in Buoyancy = weight

Sinking
weight > buoyancy

Floating
Buoyancy > weight Why does a piece of steel sink and a huge steel ship float?
Ship
Shape of hull Shaped to displace large volume of water = large buoyant force and it increases volume and decreases density

Section 3 Assessment Questions 1-7 p. 404 Exploration Lab p. 105

http://www.teachertube.com/view_video.php?viewkey=cafa030c827d58 b2cc85 8 minutes

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/6540-mythbusters-lets-talk-buoyancyvideo.htm - 3 minutes