Amino acids with non-polar side chains.

The hydrophobic side chains are chemically unreactive and tend to aggregate rather than be exposed to the aqueous environment, so they tend to found on the interior of proteins. Hydrophobic means "water hating" - remember "oil and water don't mix" and "like dissolves like" this is because non-polar hydrocarbons do not interact with polar water molecules in an energetically favourable way - they would rather interact with another non-polar hydrocarbon molecule : this it the hydrophobic effect - the aggregation of non-polar systems in an aqueous environment.

Amino acids with polar side chains. These are side chains can be involved in hydrogen bonding interactions. Cysteine is important because of its ability to form disulfide bonds.

Amino acids with acidic side chains. These carboxylate group will be -ve at physiological pH. Often involved at the active sites of enzymes, in hydrogen bonding interactions and in acid/base type reactivity

Amino acids with basic side chains. Often involved at the active sites of enzymes, in hydrogen bonding interactions and in acid/base type reactivity (e.g. histidine)