Group 1 - Mixing Water, Oil, and Detergent.

Nindys Aprillia [1307622048]

Theories:
1. What is water, oil, and detergent
WATER
Water is and inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless
chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth’s hydrosphere and the
fluids of all known living organisms. It’s vital for all known forms of life, despite
providing neither food, energy, nor organic micronutrients.
Water (H2O) is polar because of the bent shape of the molecule. The shape means
most of the negative charge from the oxygen on side of the molecule and the
positive charge of the hydrogen atoms is on the other side of the molecule. This is
an example of polar covalent chemical bonding.

OIL
Oil is a non-polar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons
and is both hydrophobic (doesn’t mix with water) and lipophilic (mix with other
oils).

DETERGENT
Detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleansing properties
when in dilute solutions. They are known as surfavtants because they dicrease the
surface tension of water. Detergent is made of sodium silicate (water glass),
sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium perborate, and various phosphates.
Detergent is amphipathic molecules that contain polar or charged hydrophilic
groups (head) at the end of long lipophilic hydrocarbon groups (tails)

2. Polar compound
The chemical compounds that are held together by polar covalent bonds are
known as polar compounds. The word 'polar compound' can be defined as a
chemical species consisting of two or more atoms that are kept together due to the
unequal sharing of electrons by covalent bonds that are polar in nature. The
differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms may cause the bond pair
of electrons to move closer to the more electronegative atom when two atoms are
bound together by a covalent bond.

3. Non-polar compound
Nonpolar compounds are compounds that do not have slightly negative and
positive charges within the compound. The electronegativity differences of
nonpolar compounds are between 0 and.2. All hydrocarbons without major
subgroups are nonpolar compounds.
 4. Amphiphilic compound – “like dissolve like” theory
Amphipathic molecules are also known as amphiphilic molecules or amphiphiles.
The word amphiphile comes from the Greek words amphis, which means "both,"
and philia, which means "love." 
Like dissolves like " means if any substance is polar then polar and ionic
substances will be dissolved in it. Example: HCl in water. If the solvent is non-
polar then the non-polar substances only can be dissolved in it.

Reactions:
Polar molecule and non-polar molecule will never mix. Because polar molecules and
non-polar molecules interact with each other in different ways. Polar molecules interact with
each other by forces such as dipole-dipole interactions whereas nonpolar molecules interact
with each other through London dispersion forces.

Water is a polar molecule, its structure means that it has a positive charge and a
negative charge. The structure of oil molecule is non polar, its charge is evenly balanced
rather than having one positive and one negative end. Detergents are amphiphatic, the
addition of detergent to oil and water make the polar end of each detergent molecule attaches
to a water molecule, while the non polar end attaches to an oil molecule. Mixing water, oil,
and deterget forms something called an emulsion which is a stable mixture of 2 or more
liquids that would not normally mix.

Result:
The addition of detergent causes the oil and water to mix in a few moments. Detergents that
have two groups in one molecule are called amphipathic molecules. Therefore, detergent has
dual polar properties.

Conclusion:
Detergents can bind to oil and water because the structure of detergent molecule has two
groups, each consisting of polar and non-polar.