Teaching Of Listening and Speaking

differences between spoken and written language

principles of teaching listening and speaking?

Introduction Teaching Listening & Speaking

what does listening comprehension involve?

why teach listening and speaking?

what does learning to speak involve?

Differences between Spoken and Written Language

More informal

Shorter sentences

Simple sentences structures and vocabulary

More formal

Longer sentences

More complex sentences structures and vocabulary

Rephrased Contractions

Spoken language

More repetition of words, phrases, ideas

Reader often not present at time of writing

Written language

Less repetitious of ideas and language

Simple conjunctions Spontaneous and less organized Well-organized time for planning

Often contains false starts and hesitations

Sophisticated conjunctions used to combine sentences

What Does Listening Comprehension Involves?

Bottom-up Processing
Listener hears sth Doesnt trigger anything in his previous knowledge Identifies the sounds he hears, segments them into words, phrases then sentences Understands the message

Top-down Processing
Listener hears sth Reminds him of sth in his previous knowledge Predicts what information he is likely to hear Understand the message

The listener creates meaning in separate stages starting from the sounds, moving on to words and larger units This kind of processing is harder When we are learning a new language, we often have to process what we hear in this manner

The listener relates what he already knows to what he is about to hear This will help him to understand what he hears better

learning functions

acquiring topic-related language

what does learning to speak involve?

acquiring linguistic abilitty

learning social appropriacy

learning automaticity of response

Why teach listening?

Why teach speaking?

Important in our daily lives

Unique aspects

Important for developing speaking skills

Create awareness and opportunity to practice

Motivate learners

Develop effective communication skills

Certain speaking skills doesnt develop on its own

understanding of task suitable timenot noisy provide context for listening

disctinct voice differences

purpose

quality of tape

principles of teaching listening

pre-listening activities

number of times pupils will listen

set suitable task to the level of ability

minimum writing

arrange questions in the order

pupil is a personbe sensitive maintain balance btwn accuracy and fluency

monitor pupils' activity

give clear instructions

principles of teaching speaking

good model for pupils to imitate

vary interaction mode

suitable stimuli&enough time for preparation