PQI2407 Controle de Processos da Indstria Qumica

GABARITO Exerccios Lista 2 at ex. 5

1)

Unidade de tempo: minutos

5 4 e2 s 1e6 s

a)
s
s
s
b)

2)

et s e2t s e3t s
r

t s 2t s 3t s
1 e e
+e
2

Tempo: minutos
Ganho: C/min
(75 20)
1 e
(
30 ) (
T (s) =
'

30 s

3)
a)
X ( s) =

1,833 1 e 30 s

s ( s + 1)

=
+
+
( s + 2)( s + 3)( s + 4) ( s + 2) ( s + 3) ( s + 4)

s 2 :
s ( s + 1)( s + 2)
( s + 2) ( s + 2) ( s + 2)
=
+
+
( s + 2)( s + 3)( s + 4)
( s + 2)
( s + 3)
( s + 4)
2(2 + 1)
= =1
(2 + 3)( 2 + 4)
s 3 :
s ( s + 1)( s + 3)
( s + 3) ( s + 3) ( s + 3)
=
+
+
( s + 2)( s + 3)( s + 4) ( s + 2)
( s + 3)
( s + 4)
3(3 + 1)
= = 6
(3 + 2)(3 + 4)

s 4 :
s ( s + 1)( s + 4)
( s + 4) ( s + 4) ( s + 4)
=
+
+
( s + 2)( s + 3)( s + 4)
( s + 2)
( s + 3)
(s + 4)
4(4 + 1)
= =6
(4 + 2)(4 + 3)
X (s) =

1
6
6

+
s+2 s+3 s+4

x(t ) = e 2t 6e 3t + 6e 4t

b)
( s + 1)

=
+
+
+
2
( s + 2)( s + 3)( s + 4) ( s + 2) ( s + 3) ( s 2i ) ( s + 2i)
s 2 :
( s + 1)( s + 2)
( s + 2) ( s + 2) ( s + 2) ( s + 2)
=
+
+
+
2
( s + 2)( s + 3)( s + 4)
( s + 2)
( s + 3)
( s 2i ) ( s + 2i )
(2 + 1)
1
= =
2
(2 + 3)((2) + 4)
8
X (s) =

s 3 :
( s + 1)( s + 3)
( s + 3) ( s + 3) ( s + 3) ( s + 3)
=
+
+
+
2
( s + 2)( s + 3)( s + 4) ( s + 2)
( s + 3)
( s 2i ) ( s + 2i )
(3 + 1)
2
= =
2
(3 + 2)((3) + 4)
13
s +2i :
( s + 1)( s 2i )
( s 2i) ( s 2i ) ( s 2i) ( s 2i)
=
+
+
+
2
( s + 2)( s + 3)( s + 4)
( s + 2)
( s + 3)
( s 2i)
( s + 2i )
(2i + 1)
1 + 2i
1 2i
= =
=
(2i + 2)(2i + 3)(4i )
40 + 8i
40 8i

Racionalizando:

24 + 88i
1664

24 88i
1664

2
1
24 + 88i 1
24 88i 1
8
+ 13 +
+
X ( s) =
( s + 2) ( s + 3)
1664 ( s 2i )
1664 ( s + 2i )
1
2
1
(24 + 88i )e2it + (24 88i )e2it
x(t ) = e 2t + e 3t +
8
13
1664
1
2
1
x(t ) = e 2t + e 3t +
[(24 + 88i)(cos 2t + i sen2t ) + (24 88i)(cos 2t i sen2t )]
8
13
1664
1
2
1
x(t ) = e 2t + e 3t +
[ 48cos 2t + 176 sen2t ]
8
13
1664

c)
X ( s) =

s+4

=
+
2
( s + 1)
( s + 1) ( s + 1) 2

s 1:
( s + 4)( s + 1) 2 ( s + 1) 2 ( s + 1) 2
=
+
( s + 1) 2
( s + 1)
( s + 1) 2
=3
s+4

3
=
+
=1
2
( s + 1)
( s + 1) ( s + 1) 2
X ( s) =

1
3
+
( s + 1) ( s + 1) 2

x(t ) = e t + 3te t

d)
X (s) =

=1

1
1
= 2 2
s + s + 1 1 s + 2 1 1 s + 1
2
2

= 12
x(t ) = 1

1 2

e t / sen
t +

1 2

1 2
com = arctg

e)
X ( s) =

( s + 1)e 0,5 s

= e 0,5 s +
+

s ( s + 2)( s + 3)
s ( s + 2) ( s + 3)

= 16
s 2; = 1
2
s 0;

s 3; = 2

1
1
2
X ( s ) = e 0,5 s +

6 s 2( s + 2) 3( s + 3)
1 1 2(t 0,5) 2 3( t 0,5)
e
; p / t 0,5
+ e
x(t ) = 6 2
3
0
; p / t < 0,5

Seqncia de comandos em Matlab para averigar esta resposta:

passo = 0.1;
t = [0:passo:6]';
s = tf('s');
atraso = 0.5;

G = (s+1)/((s+2)*(s+3));
set(G, 'Iodelay', atraso);
resposta = lsim(G, zeros(length(t),1)+1, t);
x =(1/6)+(1/2)*exp(-2*(t-0.5))-(2/3)*exp(-3*(t-0.5));
x(1:(atraso/passo),1) = 0;
plot(t, x, t, resposta);
legend('Resposta da funo em t', 'Resposta da funo em s');

4)
a) Convergncia: SIM
plos: -4, -4, -5
comportamento: ligeiramente oscilatrio
x(0) 0
x() 12/80 = 0,15
b) Convergncia: NO
plos: -2, 3+i, 3-i
comportamento: oscilatrio
x(0) 0
x()
c) Convergncia: NO
plos: 0+3i, 0-3i
comportamento: oscilao sustentada (no converge, no diverge,
no estabiliza)
x(0) 0
x() | -4,80 x(t) 5,92

5)

Transformando a funo para o domnio de s, resolvendo e retornando

para o domnio do tempo:

sX ( s ) + 4 X ( s ) =

h
1 e( 1/ h ) s )
(
s

h
1 e( 1/ h ) s )
(
s ( s + 4)

h
= +
s ( s + 4) s ( s + 4)
s 0; = h
4
s 4; = h
4

X (s) =

para t < 1 :
h
h
x(t ) = 1 e 4t
4
para t 1 :
h
4( t 1 )
h
h
x(t ) = e 4t + e

4
Note que o aumento de h leva a equao a tender para a resposta ao
impulso unitrio, enquanto sua diminuio faz-na tender ao pulso unitrio.
Observe as figuras a seguir: