PROBLEMARIO 2 ALGEBRA LINEAL

INGENIERIA CIVIL GRUPO “A” TERCER SEMESTRE

PROFESOR: OSMANI GONZÁLEZ PUGA

MATERIA: ALGEBRA LINEAL

AGUILAR TORRES JORGE ARMANDO

DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ ALEJANDO

ENRÍQUEZ CHAVOYA MARÍA GUADALUPE

LEMUS AGUIRRE BRENDA LIDIA

MURATALLA GUTIÉRREZ JOSÉ EDUARDO

 7 −2 −3 0
1 . - Da da s l as ma tri c e s : A =( ) Y B=( ), Ca l c ul a :
3 1 −2 2
1
A ) −2𝐴 + 3𝐵 B)2 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 C)𝐵 ∗ (−𝐴) D) 𝐴 ∗ 𝐴 − 𝐵 ∗ 𝐵

A ) −2𝐴 + 3𝐵
7 −2 −𝟏𝟒 𝟒
−2 ( )=( )
3 1 −𝟔 −𝟐
−3 0 −𝟗 𝟎
3( )=( )
−2 2 −𝟔 𝟔
−14 4 −9 0 −𝟐𝟑 𝟒
( )+( )=( )
−6 −2 −6 6 −𝟏𝟐 𝟒

1
B)2 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵

𝟕
17 −2 −𝟏
𝟐
( ) = (𝟑 𝟏 )
2 3 1
𝟐 𝟐

7
−1 −3 0 −𝟏𝟕/𝟐 −2
(23 1 ) ∗ (−2 2) = (−𝟏𝟏/𝟐 )
𝟏
2 2

𝟕
(𝟐) (−𝟑) + (−𝟏)(−𝟐) = 𝒂𝟏𝟏
𝟕
(𝟐) (𝟎) + (−𝟏)(𝟐) = 𝒂𝟏𝟐
𝟑 𝟏
(𝟐) (−𝟑) + (𝟐) (−𝟐) = 𝒂𝟐𝟏
𝟑 𝟏
(𝟐) (𝟎) + (𝟐) (𝟐) = 𝒂𝟐𝟐
21
− + 2 = −𝟏𝟕/𝟐
2

0 − 2 = −𝟐
9 9
− 2 + (−1) = − 2 − 1 = −𝟏𝟏/𝟐

0+1= 𝟏
C) 𝐵 ∗ (−𝐴)

(−) (7 −2 −𝟕 𝟐
)=( )
3 1 −𝟑 −𝟏

−3 0 −7 2 −𝟐𝟏 −𝟔
( )∗( )=( )
−2 2 −3 −1 𝟖 −𝟔
(−3)(−7) + (0)(−3) = 𝑎11 = −𝟐𝟏
(−3)(2) + (0)(−1) = 𝑎12 = −𝟔
(−2)(−7) + (2)(−3) = 𝑎21 = 14 − 6 = 𝟖
(−2)(2) + (2)(−1) = 𝑎22 = −4 − 2 = −𝟔

D) 𝐴 ∗ 𝐴 − 𝐵 ∗ 𝐵
7 −2 7 −2 𝟒𝟑 −𝟏𝟔
𝐴∗𝐴( )∗( )=( )
3 1 3 1 𝟐𝟒 𝟓
(7)(7) + (−2)(3) = 𝑎11 = 49 − 6 = 𝟒𝟑
(7)(−2) + (−2)(1) = 𝑎12 = −14 − 2 = −𝟏𝟔
(3)(7) + (1)(3) = 𝑎21 = 21 + 3 = 𝟐𝟒
(3)(−2) + (1)(1) = 𝑎22 = −6 + 1 = 𝟓
−3 0 −3 0 𝟗 𝟎
𝐵∗𝐵( )∗( )=( )
−2 2 −2 2 𝟐 𝟒
(−𝟑)(−𝟑) + (𝟎)(𝟐) = 𝒂𝟏𝟏 = 𝟗
(−𝟑)(𝟎) + (𝟎)(𝟐) = 𝒂𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
(−𝟐)(−𝟑) + (𝟐)(−𝟐) = 𝒂𝟏𝟑 = 𝟔 − 𝟒 = 𝟐
(−𝟐)(𝟎) + (𝟐)(𝟐) = 𝒂𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒
𝟒𝟑 −𝟏𝟔 𝟗 𝟎 𝟑𝟒 −𝟏𝟔
( )−( )=( )
𝟐𝟒 𝟓 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐𝟐 𝟏
 1 −2 1 4 0 −1
2.- Dadas las matrices: A=( ) y B=( ) comprueba que:
3 0 1 −2 1 0
A)(𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑡 = 𝐴𝑡 + 𝐵 𝑡 B)(3𝑎)𝑡 = 3𝐴𝑡

A)(𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑡 = 𝐴𝑡 + 𝐵 𝑡
1 −2 1 4 0 −1 5 −2 0 𝑡
(𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑡 = 𝐴𝑡 + 𝐵 𝑡 = ( )+( )=( )
3 0 1 −2 1 0 1 1 1
𝟓 𝟏
𝑡
(𝐴 + 𝐵) = (−𝟐 𝟏)
𝟎 𝟏
1 3 4 −2
𝑡 𝑡
𝐴 = (−2 0) + 𝐵 = ( 0 1)
1 1 −1 0
1 3 4 −2 𝟓 𝟏
𝑡 𝑡
(−2 0) + ( 0 1 ) = 𝐴 + 𝐵 = ( −𝟐 𝟏)
1 1 −1 0 𝟎 𝟏
1 −2 1 3 −6 3
𝐵)(3𝐴)𝑡 = 3 ( )=( )
3 0 1 9 0 3
𝟑 𝟗
3 −6 3
( ) 𝑡 = (−𝟔 𝟎)
9 0 3
𝟑 𝟑
1 −2 1 3 −6 3
3𝐴𝑡 = 3 ( )=( )
3 0 1 9 0 3
𝟑 𝟗
3𝑡 −6 3
3𝐴 ( ) 𝑡 = (−𝟔 𝟎)
9 0 3
𝟑 𝟑
3.- Calcula en cada caso la matriz 𝑩 y comprueba la igualdad:

3 −1 5 4 0 6 −1 4 −5 −4
A)( )+ B=( ) B)2 ( ) − 3𝐵 = ( )
1 0 3 0 2 2 −3 −2 0 −1

3 −1 5 4 0 6
A)( )+ B=( )
1 0 3 0 2 2

3 −1 5 4 0 6
( )+𝐵 =( )
1 0 3 0 2 2

4 0 6 3 −1 5 4−3 0+1 6−5 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏

𝐵=( )−( )=( )=( )
0 2 2 1 0 3 0−1 2−0 2−3 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏

3 −1 5 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 3 + 1 −1 + 1 5 + 1 4 0 6
( )+( )=( )=( )
1 0 3 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 1−1 0+2 3−1 0 2 2

−1 4 −5 −4
B)2 ( ) − 3𝐵 = ( )
−3 −2 0 −1

−1 4 −5 4
2( ) − 3𝐵 = ( )
−3 −2 0 1

1 −1 4 −5 4 1 −2 8 −5 4 1 −2 8 −5 4
𝐵 = (2 ( )−( )) = (( )−( )) = (( )−( ))
3 −3 −2 0 1 3 −6 −4 0 1 3 −6 −4 0 1

𝟒
1 −2 + 5 1 3 𝟏
8−4 4 𝟑 )
= ( )= ( )=(
3 −6 − 0 −4 − 1 3 −6 −5 𝟓
−𝟐 −
𝟑
𝟒
𝟏
−1 4 𝟑 ) = (−2 8 ) + (−𝟑 −𝟒 −2 − 3 8 − 4
2( ) − 3( )=( )
−3 −2 𝟓 −6 −4 𝟔 𝟓 −6 + 6 −4 + 5
−𝟐 −
𝟑
 −5 4
=( )
0 1
5 −4 2
4.- comprueba que: 𝐴2 − 2𝐴 + 𝐼 = 0, Siendo A=( 2 −1 1)
−4 4 1
I Matriz identidad Y 0 Matriz nula
5 −4 2 2 9 −8 8
𝐴2 = ( 2 −1 1) = ( 4 −3 4 )
−4 4 1 −16 16 −3

5 −4 2 10 −8 4
2𝐴 = 2 ( 2 −1 1) = ( 4 −2 2)
−4 4 1 −8 8 2

9 −8 8 −10 8 −4 −1 0 4 0 0 4
( 4 −3 4 ) + ( −4 2 −2) + ( 0 −1 2 ) = ( 0 0 2)
−16 16 −3 8 −8 −2 −8 8 −5 −8 8 0

9 −8 4 −10 8 −4 −1 0 0 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
( 4 −3 2 ) − ( −4 2 −2) + ( 0 −1 0 ) = (𝟎 𝟎 𝟎)
−8 8 −3 8 −8 2 0 0 −1 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎

5.-Encuentre el rango y la inversa de la matriz utilizando la adjunta 𝐴 =

2 2 1
(−5 0 4)
1 2 2
2 2 1
𝐴 = (−5 0 4) → 𝑂𝑅𝐷𝐸𝑁 3
1 2 2
RANGO ≤ 3

 Calculo del rango por determinantes

2 2 1
|𝐴| = |−5 0 4|
1 2 2
Solución por Sarrus
|𝐴| = (2)(0)(2) + (−5)(2)(1) + (2)(4)(1) − [(1)(0)(1) + (−5)(2)(2) + (2)(4)(2)]
|𝐴| = 0 − 10 + 8 − (0 − 20 + 16) = −2 − (−4) = −2 + 4 = 2 → 𝑅𝐴𝑁𝐺𝑂 3
  Calculo de la matriz inversa a través de la adjunta
1
𝐴−1 = ∗ 𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴𝑡 )
|𝐴|
|𝐴| = 2
2 −5 1
𝐴𝑡 = (2 0 2)
1 4 2
0 2 2 2 2 0
+| | −| | +| |
4 2 1 2 1 4 −8 −2 8
𝑡) −5 1 2 1 2 −5
𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴 = − | | +| | −| | = ( 14 3 −13)
4 2 1 2 1 4
−5 1 2 1 2 −5 −10 −2 10
(+ | 0 2
| −|
2 2
| +|
2 0
|)

−8⁄ −2⁄ 8⁄
−8 −2 8 2 2 2
1 14⁄ 3⁄ −13⁄
𝐴−1 = ∗ ( 14 3 −13) = 2 2 2 =
2
−10 −2 10 −10⁄ −2⁄ 10⁄
( 2 2 2)
−4 −1 4
𝐴−1 = ( 7 3⁄2 −13⁄2)
−5 −1 5

𝟏 𝟐
−𝟓 −𝟓 𝟎
−𝟏
6.-Comprueba que 𝑨 = (− 𝟑 𝟔 𝟏), es la inversa de la matriz 𝑨 =
𝟓 𝟓
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
𝟓 𝟎 𝟐
(𝟎 𝟎 𝟏)
𝟑 𝟏 𝟎

1 2
−5 0 5 0 2 𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
5
(− 3 6
1) ( 0 0 1) = (𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 ) =
5 5 3 1 0 𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33
0 1 0
2 2
1+0+0 0+0+0 −5+0
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
5
(−3 + 0 + 3 0 + 0 + 1 − 6 + 6 + 0) = (𝟎 𝟏 𝟎) = 𝑰 𝟑
5 5 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
0+0+0 0+0+0 0+1+0