2011 International Conference on Electronic & Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology

A study on the stress distri nition of pressure vessel and saddle support
Ren Haidong
Henan Polytechnic Institute Henan473009, China hnpirhd@163.com AbstractThis article uses finite-element analysis to know the stress distribution of the horizontal type pressure vessel and saddle support by setting up 1/4 pressure vessel model and single saddle support model. It elaborates the stress distribution of the horizontal type pressure vessel and different parts of the saddle support. Meanwhile, It studies the changing load and relative effects on stress from different geometric parameter. Keywords-structure;pressure analysis,; sensitivity,; study; I. vessel;finite-element Peng Erbao Henan Polytechnic Institute Henan473009, China Yang09200@163.com involve the position where minimum stress occurred. What's more, they recommend the same thickness for each part of the saddle support, which is deviated from the design method of the pressure vessel design handbook. In this article, we pre-present the preliminary analysis of the stress distribute on saddle support. We try to select a example from the saddle support design, then structure a three-dimensional physical model of pressure vessel and saddle support. Finiteelement method will be used to analyse that different elements will have effect on the stress distribution of saddle support and pressure vessel. II. A. MODELING

THE CURRENT STATUS OF THE PRESSURE VESSEL

Generally, horizontal type pressure vessel will be supported by saddle support. Including the internal stress of the stress vessel, the saddle support will have subsidiary stress. So the design and subsidiary stress of the saddle support is critical when designing the horizontal type pressure vessel. ASME pressure vessel regulation issued by the American Society of Mechanical Engineer don't indicate the specific procedures of saddle support design and subsidiary stress. The half empirical formula design proposed by Zick is the current method. Zick's theory is based on Liang's theory and uses different hypothesis to simplify the problems. Because of these hypothesis, we can't get accurate results by Zick's method. But if we only focus on it's demonstration, for somewhat, it is good. As a result, in the design handbook of the pressure vessel, Zick's method is a basic for saddle support design, which we can see from Megyesy's study. The achievements of Tooth and his coterie are also very important for the design of saddle support. British standard BS has adapted Tooth's fruit. One point we should highlight is that compared to Zick's method, the research of Tooth and his coterie is much stricter. Because they have adopted Fourier's progression polynomial analytical method which help them get more accurate result. Along with the development of computer technology and computing method, we can obtain detailed stress distribution of saddle support and pressure vessel, which will improve the design criteria of saddle support. In current document literature, the documents which discussed the stress of pressure vessel is more than that of saddle support. EL-Abbasi et al only has research on the contact stress in base plate, but has little actual design for other parts of the saddle support. He analyses the minimum stress of the saddle support structure as a whole, but doesn't
978-l-61284-088-8/ll/$26. 00 2011 IEEE

The structure of a pressure vessel and saddle support

The object of study is a ellipse head pressure vessel with the radius as R, and the barrel length as L, see Fig. 1. The thickness of the head equals R/2. The distance between saddle support and tangent is A. Saddle support is welded on the pressure vessel. The detailed information for the saddle support design is from Megyesy's pressure vessel with the nominal diameter 660mm. The geometric parameter for pressure vessel and saddle support is as follows: B stands for the height from the saddle support base (rigid plane) to the centre line of pressure vessel. W stands for the height of the saddle support. C is for the low side width between baseboard and rib plate. G, H, H I , K refer to the thickness of baseboard, rib plate, web and base plate respectively. There is a contant angle of 120 degree and cantilever with 5 degree. The literal parameter in the process of research is R=330mm, B=482mm, W=572mm, C=100mm, D=150mm, G=6mm, H=6mm, Hl=6mm, K=6mm. Others are changeable parameter values which will be fixed as study required. The saddle support structure is as Fig. 2.
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Fig. 1 Pressure vessel structure

12-14 August, 2011

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Fig 4 Analysis on gridding sensitivity III. PICTURE 4 ANALYSIS ON GRIDDING SENSITIVITY

Fig. 2 Saddle support structure 5. Fz'ra'te element model It is operating under the circumstance of ANSYS. We only need to found a 1/4 model of the pressure vessel and saddle support model due to the space symmetry. The material property parameter of the vessel is modulus of elasticity E=207GPa, Poisson's ratio V=0.3, density P=7.85X 103kg/m3 The pressure vessel is filled with liquid and will take its dead weight as consideration. The actual model adopts 8 panel points and hexahedron unit to divide the gridding. At least three layers will be used to analyse the thickness of pressure vessel and two layers are for the thickness of saddle support. The gridding model is as Fig 3. The outline of the model is symmetrical boundary conditions. To avoid the rigid motion, the underside of the saddle support baseboard is fixed with no freedom. The internal pressure of the vessel is IMPa.

This part focus that different parameter will have different operation result. We will observe and analyse the maximum mean stress from 8 main parts. The first 4 parts are the main components of the saddle support such as web, anti-friction backplate, flange and baseboard. In addition, the pressure vessel is divided into 4 parts like head, supporting parts of saddle support, the center part of the first two parts and the balance. We will selective analysis the 3D stress distribute of pressure vessel and saddle support. A. Maximum load of the saddle support The max load of the saddle support is very important for the design parameter. Under the impact of the max load, the partial position of the support may be yielded. The result is as picture5 when the parameter A/L=0.15, L/R=10. We will mark the standard load under the abscissa to know the result better. The yield strength of the carbon steel used for support is near 220MPA. From the result, we know that the max stress is in three parts like flange plate, baseboard and saddle corner. The yield strength of the baseboard and flange plate is 30% and 73% beyond our expectation. The yield strength of other parts is 33% beyond our expectation. Checking the design of this point, we find the standard load is 0.9. When we change 3 parameters, the max stress of the saddle corner will be influenced by the extruded part of the anti-friction back plate and 5~10 increment of the extruded part. If we increase the thickness H of the flange plate to lower the max stress of the flange, the max stress of the baseboard is increased. If we change the thickness G of the baseboard and keep the stress of other parts, the stress of the baseboard is lightened. The max stress values of other 5 parts remain the same under 4 circumstance. One point need your attention, that is, all angles will revert to original value for further study. The curve in picture4 seems slight nonlinear which may be caused by single analysis on each part of the support. Although the whole support is in the range of linearity, some single part may turns up to nonlinear because they will bear higher partial load. Fig 6 stands for the stress curve in the Fig 5 with the standard load as 0.9. It is uneven for the stress distribution because the flange plate has the highest stress in the saddle type structure.

Fig 3 model vessel and saddle support

gridding of pressure

C. Analysis on gridding sensitivity We will provide the optimum measurement of gridding with astringency and veracity after analyzing the gridding sensitivity of pressure vessel and saddle support. Take the maximum mean stress in the structure as the criterion of astringency. The result is as Fig 4. From the 18000th gridding, the gridding becomes precise. And until the 26500th grid, the gridding in the pressure vessel has enough sensitivity. As long as the astringency is fixed, the gridding in different structures of the saddle support will become more and more precise until the maxinumVon mises stress goes stable.

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Fig5 The increasing load on the saddle support will effect the stress

Fig 8 A/L=14 the effect of A/L ratio The two parts in Fig9 is the cloud picture about the stress of the vessel and the saddle support. It is corresponding to the A/L ratio in picrure7. What we select these two parts is that they have the max stress and stands for the structure of the vessel and the support. From the observation, we can see when the A/L ratio increases to 0.25, the stress distribution is getting uniform. When A/L < 0.25m, the central part of the vessel and the saddle support has a relative high stress value. When A/L > 0.25m, the relative stress value will transfer to the front part of the vessel. So when A/L value is near 0.25, the pressure vessel and the saddle support have uniform stress distribution and min stress value. One point should be highlight is that when A/L = 0.25, each saddle support is located at the center of the half length side of the pressure vessel. That is to say, each saddle support has half weight of the total weight. No matter the L/R ratio, A/L value is 0.25, we can get the min stress due to the physical cause.

Fig6 Stress of the saddle support when the standard load is 0.9 B. The effect ofA/L ratio Now we study the A/L ratio which will have a effect on stress. The A/L ratio ranges from 0.05 -0.35 with the interval 0.05. From the Fig 7, we can see that when L/R=10, all stress of the saddle support including the critical region of the saddle corner and the center part of the vessel will be minimum at A/L=0.25. While the other two parts of the vessel (the front part, the part between the front and the saddle) will not be effected by A/L ratio. We can also conclude this result under the condition L/R=14 from Fig8. As a result, we suggest that the stress of the pressure vessel and the saddle support will be the minimum when A/L ratio is near 0.25.

Fig9 The stress distribution of the saddle support and flange plate In Fig 10, we can get the min stress when the saddle support load is increasing under the situation of A/L=0.25. The yield strength will be gained when the extra load is increasing 32% for the flange plate and 42% to the saddle support. As it is showing in picture5, when the extra load for the saddle support increases 10% and 73% for the flange plate, it turns yield strength, we can conclude that the max load which the saddle support can bear is up to the A/L ratio. For the saddle support, we can improve the thickness of the flange plate and the change the overhang angle of the antifriction steel plate to 10 degree to re-design or optimization design.

Fig 7 A/L=10 the effect of A/L ratio

Fig 10 The effect on the increasing load of the saddle support to stress, A/L=0.25
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