INFR3720U Assignment#1 Solution

Winter 2013

Question 1) A communication channel has a bandwidth of 10 MHz and an SNR(db) of 30 db. What is the theoretical maximum data rate (R) on this channel? How many signal levels do we need to achieve this data rate? What will be the symbol rate (S) and the number of bits per symbol in this case? AnswerTheoretical maximum data rate is determined by Shannons limit: R = B log2 (1+SNR) = 10 MHz log2 (1+10^(30/10)) = 99.7 ~ 100 Mbps Alternatively, you could also use the approximate Shannon formula: R = B (SNR_db) /3= 10 MHz 30/3 = 100 Mbps Applying the Nyquist theorem, we could achieve a symbol rate of S = 2 B = 20 M Symbols/s. In order to have a data rate of 100 Mbps, we need to have: R = 2 B log2 (L) 100 = 2 10 log2 (L) log2 (L) = 5 L =2^5 = 32 Question 2) Consider the following network with given line speeds and lengths: 1000 KM A 4 Mbps B 1 Mbps 200 KM C

Assume the speed of light is 2108 m/s, and that the processing and queuing delays are negligible. Node A sends a 1500-byte frame to node C through node B. Suppose Node A starts sending the first bit of the frame at t=0. Answer the following questions: a. At what time (t=?) does node B receives the frame in full (i.e. the last bit)? Answer tB = (transmission time over link A-B) +(Propagation time over link A-B) tB = ( 1500 8 / 4 (Mbps) ) + ( 1000 1000 / 2108 m/s ) tB = 3 milliseconds + 5 milliseconds = 8 milliseconds b. After node B receives the frame in full, then it will start sending the frame to node C. Determine the time (t=?) when node C receives the frame in full. Answer tC = tB + (transmission time over link B-C) +(Propagation time over link B-C) tC = 8 milliseconds + ( 1500 8 / 1 (Mbps) ) + (200 1000 / 2108 m/s ) tC = 8 + 12 + 1 = 21 milliseconds

INFR3720U Assignment#1 Solution

Winter 2013

c. Suppose at this time node C sends a small acknowledgment back to node A. The size of the acknowledgement frame is small enough that its transmission time is negligible. Calculate at what times (t=?) the acknowledgment arrives at nodes B and A. Answert Ack-B = tC + (Propagation time on C-B) = 21 + 1 = 22 milliseconds t Ack-A = t Ack-B + (Propagation time on B-A) = 22 + 5 = 27 milliseconds d. Assume after sending its frame, node A wait for the acknowledgment back from node C before sending the next frame. What is the average throughput (number of transmitted bits per second) of the data flow from node A to node C? Answer- Based on the results from (d), Node A sends 1500 Bytes to Node C every 27 milliseconds. Therefore the average throughput = (1500 8) / (0.027 seconds) = 444.44 Kbps Question 3) A low-pass signal with a bandwidth of 250 KHz was sampled at the Nyquist rate using 512 levels of quantization to generate a PCM signal. a. Calculate the bit rate of the digitized signal b. Calculate the quantization error as SNR(db) c. What is the bandwidth of the PCM signal?

Answera. Sampling rate = 2 W =2 250 = 500 Kilo Samples/s nb = log2 (L) = log2 (512) = 9 R (Bit rate) = 9 500 K = 4.5 Mbps b. SNR(db) = 6.03 nb + 1.76 = 56.03 db c. BPCM = nb BAnalog = 250 9 = 2.25 MHz