Al-Salam University College

Computer Techniques Engineering Department

Digital Communication
Chapter 3 part (1)

Digital Modulation Schemes

BY
Assist. Lec. Sura Mohammed

2021-2022
Types of Transmission of Digital Signals:
 Baseband Transmission
 Passband Transmission of M

Types of Reception of Passband Transmission:

 Coherent (Synchronous) detection
 Noncoherent (Envelope) detectionof Modulation

Requirements of Passband Transmission:

1) Maximum data transmission rate.
2) Minimum probability of symbol (bit) error.
3) Minimum transmitted power.
4) Minimum channel bandwidth.

Advantages of Passband over Baseband transmission:

1) Long distance transmission.
2) Large number of modulation techniques are available.
 Types of Passband Modulation :
 Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
 Phase Shift Keying (PSK)n
1- Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)

ASK Transmitter

Constellation diagram of ASK signal

• I: Inphase channel
• Q: Quadrature channel
• Bit combinations are assigned in red
Spectrum of ASK signal
Coherent (Synchronous) ASK Receiver
 LPF to remove the high frequency components

Noncoherent ASK Receiver

 Square low detection

 LPF to remove the high frequency components
 Modulation
Q (1):- The sequence b(k) = {1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1} is transmitted at bit rate of =200 b/s using an ASK digital
system. The carrier signal c(t) is given as shown below.

a- Calculate the carrier frequency .

b- Calculate the bit duration and the required bandwidth .
c- Sketch the baseband signal m(t).
d- Sketch the transmitted passband signal (t).
Solution:-
a- b- = 5 msec
= = 5* = 5 msec
= 0.3 K = 300 Hz
 m(t)
+1
1 1 0 1 0 1
c- t/
0

(t)

+1
d- t/

-1
Q (2):- The sequence b(k) = {0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1} is transmitted at bit rate of = 500 b/s using an ASK digital
system. The carrier signal c(t) is given as shown below.

a- Calculate the carrier frequency .

b- Calculate the bit duration and the required bandwidth .
c- Sketch the baseband signal m(t).
d- Sketch the transmitted passband signal (t).
Solution:-

a- b- = 2 msec
= = 2* = 2 msec
= 0.75 K = 750 Hz
 m(t)
+1
0 1 1 1 0 1
c- t/
0

(t)

+1
d- t/

-1
 M-ary Modulation Techniques

• Multi-level modulation (M-ary modulation) techniques are usually used for bandwidth economical
systems (such as telephone channels) to increase data rate transmission over bandlimited channels.

• Concept:
• The concept of M-ary signaling in to group binary bits and deal with them as symbols. Hence, M is
taken as (2,4,8,16,… ). For example M=4 means n=2.
 grouping of 2-bits (r=2, M=4) i.e. 4 level
• Then each successive 2-bits has grouped and considered as symbol. Hence, these will
be four possible signals ∅𝑜(𝑡). ∅1(𝑡). ∅2(𝑡) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∅3(𝑡) for the possible groups of
“00”, “01”,“10” and “11” and so on for M=8, n=3, …
• In general:

bit\symbol no of channel state

M-ary ASK (MASK)
 Example
• If you have 32 –ASK with calculate no of bit in symbol ,symbol
duration , bit duration and bandwidth
Solution :
bit\symbol
bit/symbol
=
=1msec
BW=
Thank
You