V.C Microwave Los Design (Repeater 1 To Site C)

ECE 525N 1ECF
Microwave LOS Communication System Design
2013
V.C MICROWAVE LOS DESIGN(REPEATER 1 to SITE C)

a) Precise Location
REPEATER 1 (TARLAC CITY)
Site Coordinates
Lat
: 1529'13.49"N
Long
: 12035'25.37"E
b) Map View
GOOGLE MAP VIEW
UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST CALOOCAN CAMPUS
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c) Site Description
Records of the Past: Several accounts show that Tarlac was once a thickly-forested
area where tribes of nomadic Aetas thrived. The name "Tarlac" was drawn from a
talahiblike weed called "Matarlak" by the Aetas. Tarlacs name first figured in written
history as a praesidio or military port designated with the task of defending communities
from the frequent lowland raids of the Negritos and Balugas. Tarlac was the last
province in Central Luzon to be created by the Spanish colonial government and was
inaugurated as a regular province on May 28 of 1873 with Don Juan Guillen as its first
politico-military governor. History also reveals that initially, Tarlac belonged to the
provinces of Pampanga and Pangasinan. Tarlac was among the first to revolt against
the Spaniards, being one of the "eight rays of the sun in the Philippine flag" the
"terranos de guerra". Officially the revolution in Tarlac started on January 24, 1897, the
so-called "Cry of Tagumpay". The town of Tarlac became the seat of the Aguinaldo
government from June 21 to Nov. 10, 1899. This was a few months after Malolos,
Bulacan was abandoned by General Emilio Aguinaldo as the seat of the Philippine
Republic. Tarlac Cathedral was the site of the Philippine Revolutionary Congress, after
its transfer from the Barasoain Church in Malolos.
d) Power Availability
TARLAC ELECTRIC COMPANY
Coordinates: 15 31' 44.96" N 120 33' 37.30" E
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e) Geological and Seismic Data

The city is situated at the center of the province. To its north is Gerona, west is San Jose,
south is Capas and Concepcion and eastern boundaries are Victoria and La Paz. This is also the
location of Tarlac River.
Tarlac City is approximately 24 metres (79 ft) above sea level on some parts but reaching
even 50 metres (160 ft) on large western portions. Tarlac City was historically a part of what is
now Porac, Pampanga. Parts of Tarlac city are claimed to be among the few portions of land in
the province which was not created by ancient eruptions from Mount Pinatubo.
f) Weather Data
The climate of Tarlac plays an important role in the economic activity of the province. Like
the rest of Central Luzon province, there are two distinct seasons: Dry from November to April,
and wet for the rest of the year. Heavy rainfall is distributed during the months of July, August
and September with an average of 400 millimeters. During such months when precipitation is
heaviest, the Tarlac river swells flooding the areas surrounding it and causing widespread
damage to crops and properties. January, the coldest month, registers a temperature of 79 degrees
Fahrenheit.
AVERAGE CLIMATE
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AVERAGE RAINFALL
g) Local Zoning Restrictions

There is no Airport nearby
h) List of EMI
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a) Precise Location
ANGELES CITY HALL
SITE C
The name Angeles is derived from El Pueblo de los ngeles (The Town of the Angels,
in Spanish) in honor of its patron saints, Los Santos ngeles de los Custodios(Holy Guardian
Angels), and the name of its founder, Don ngel Pantalen de Miranda.
Site Coordinates:
Lat
: 15 9'55.61"N
Long
: 12036'32.05"E
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b) Map View
GOOGLE MAP VIEW
c) Site Description
Angeles
City (Filipino: Lungsod
ng
Angeles; Kapampangan: Ciudad
ning
Angeles/Lakanbalen ning Angeles), located within the province of Pampanga in

thePhilippines is locally classified as a first-class, highly-urbanized city. It is bordered
by Mabalacat
City to
the
north; Mexico to
the
east; San
Fernando to
the
southeast; Bacolor to the south; and Porac to the southwest and west. The city
administers itself autonomously from Pampanga and, as of the 2010 census, it has a
population of 326,336.
d) Power Availability
ANGELES ELECTRIC CORP.
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CLARK ELECTRIC DITRIBUTION CORP.
e) Geological and Seismic Data
On June 15, 1991, Angeles was affected by the cataclysmic eruption of

nearby Mount Pinatubo, with up to 60,000 people being evacuated from the city. It was
the second-largest volcanic eruption of the twentieth century and, by far, the largest
eruption to affect a densely populated area. The province of Pampanga, Clark
specifically, were badly hit and the agricultural lands, as well as other businesses, were
covered by tons of lahar. There were no casualties reported inside Clark two days from
the initial eruption because the 18,000 personnel and their families were transported
to Guam and the Subic Naval Base in Zambales.
The eruption of Mount Pinatubo forced the leadership of the U.S. to prematurely
abandon its military installation at Clark Air Base. This is in addition to the voting by the
Philippine Senate in 1991 to no longer extend the LaurelLangley Agreement, which
allows the presence of U.S. military forces on Philippine territory, thus ending the long
chapter of Filipino-American relations in the history of Angeles. The U.S. military never
returned to Clark, turning over the damaged base to the Philippine government on
November 26, 1991
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f) Weather Data
AVERAGE CLIMATE
AVERAGE RAINFALL
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ECE 525N 1ECF

2013
g) Local Zoning Restrictions

CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
The Clark International Airport (CRK) is located at the heart of Central Luzon,
making it the most viable and convenient airport of choice for travellers from NorthCentral Luzon and the northern Metro Manila area who wants to avoid the hustle and
bustle of the city streets. It is easily accessible by shuttle bus from various points of
Metro Manila and North Luzon.
h) List of EMI
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2013
PATH PROFILE (REPEATER 1 to SITE C)

a) Path
Site C to Site D has a distance of 22.20 miles apart with each other. The elevation of
site C is 170(ft) while the site D has an elevation of 259(ft).
GOOGLE MAP VIEW
PATH ELEVATION
PATH DESCRIPTION
Path Obstacle
Location
d1
d2
(mi)
(mi)
Site C
a
b
c
Path Description
0.00
22.20
CITY
0.24
21.96
CITY
1.00
21.20
HOUSEHOLD
1.09
21.11
HOUSEHOLD
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A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
2.00
20.20
GRASSLAND
2.10
20.10
HOUSEHOLD
3.00
19.20
GRASSLAND
3.50
18.70
FOREST
3.55
18.65
FOREST
4.48
17.72
GRASSLAND
5.00
17.20
GRASSLAND
5.28
16.92
GRASSLAND
6.00
16.20
WAREHOUSE
6.50
15.70
WAREHOUSE
6.59
15.61
VACANT
7.36
14.84
FOREST
7.50
14.70
GRASSLAND
8.14
14.06
GRASSLAND
8.65
13.55
GRASSLAND
9.45
12.75
HOUSEHOLD
9.89
12.31
VACANT
10.30
11.90
GRASSLAND
10.60
11.60
GRASSLAND
11.20
11.00
GRASSLAND
12.00
10.20
GRASSLAND
12.50
9.70
GRASSLAND
12.90
9.30
WAREHOUSE
13.50
8.70
GRASSLAND
14.00
8.20
GRASSLAND
14.50
7.70
GRASSLAND
15.00
7.20
GRASSLAND
15.50
6.70
GRASSLAND
16.00
6.20
GRASSLAND
16.20
6.00
GRASSLAND
17.00
5.20
GRASSLAND
17.30
4.90
WAREHOUSE
2013
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Site D
17.70
4.50
WAREHOUSE
18.50
3.70
GRASSLAND
19.00
3.20
GRASSLAND
19.30
2.90
CITY
19.90
2.30
WAREHOUSE
20.50
1.70
HOUSEHOLD
20.90
1.30
GRASSLAND
21.50
0.70
VACANT
22.00
0.20
VACANT
22.20
0.00
GRASSLAND
2013
b) Path Profile
Path Obstacle
Location
d1
(mi)
Repeater 1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
d2
(mi)
Elevation
(ft)
EC (ft)
T&G
F1
Fresnel Zone
Total Height
0.00
24.20
157
0.00
50
0.00
10.00
217.00
0.70
23.50
154
8.23
50
24.47
24.93
237.16
1.00
23.20
164
11.61
50
29.06
27.73
253.33
1.08
23.12
170
12.49
50
30.15
28.39
260.88
1.75
22.45
172
19.65
50
37.82
33.07
274.72
2.00
22.20
169
22.21
50
40.21
34.53
275.74
3.00
21.20
163
31.82
50
48.12
39.35
284.17
3.30
20.90
162
34.50
50
50.11
40.57
287.07
4.12
20.08
176
41.39
50
54.88
43.48
310.86
5.00
19.20
199
48.02
50
59.12
46.06
343.09
5.30
18.90
227
50.11
50
60.39
46.84
373.95
5.51
18.69
246
51.52
50
61.23
47.35
394.87
6.47
17.73
193
57.39
50
64.63
49.42
349.81
7.00
17.20
190
60.23
50
66.21
50.39
350.62
7.26
16.94
190
61.52
50
66.92
50.82
352.34
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B
C
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E
F
G
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I
J
K
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M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
2013
8.00
16.20
194
64.83
50
68.69
51.90
360.73
8.50
15.70
197
66.76
50
69.70
52.52
366.28
8.80
15.40
189
67.79
50
70.24
52.85
359.64
9.27
14.93
193
69.24
50
70.99
53.30
365.54
9.50
14.70
185
69.86
50
71.31
53.50
358.36
10.40
13.80
180
71.80
50
72.29
54.09
355.89
10.50
13.70
172
71.96
50
72.37
54.15
348.11
11.40
12.80
170
73.00
50
72.89
54.46
347.46
11.60
12.60
161
73.12
50
72.95
54.50
338.62
12.00
12.20
159
73.24
50
73.01
54.54
336.77
12.50
11.70
160
73.16
50
72.97
54.51
337.67
13.50
10.70
157
72.26
50
72.52
54.24
333.50
14.00
10.20
169
71.44
50
72.11
53.98
344.42
14.50
9.70
174
70.36
50
71.56
53.65
348.01
15.00
9.20
179
69.03
50
70.88
53.24
351.27
15.50
8.70
184
67.46
50
70.07
52.74
354.20
16.00
8.20
199
65.63
50
69.11
52.16
366.79
16.50
7.70
204
63.56
50
68.01
51.49
369.04
17.00
7.20
213
61.23
50
66.76
50.72
374.95
17.50
6.70
228
58.65
50
65.34
49.86
386.51
18.00
6.20
232
55.83
50
63.74
48.88
386.71
18.50
5.70
224
52.75
50
61.96
47.80
374.55
19.00
5.20
231
49.42
50
59.98
46.59
377.01
19.50
4.70
245
45.85
50
57.77
45.24
386.08
19.70
4.50
258
44.35
50
56.81
44.66
397.00
20.50
3.70
254
37.94
50
52.55
42.06
384.00
21.00
3.20
255
33.62
50
49.46
40.17
378.79
21.20
3.00
264
31.82
50
48.12
39.35
385.17
21.90
2.30
265
25.20
50
42.82
36.12
376.32
22.50
1.70
271
19.13
50
37.32
32.76
372.90
23.00
1.20
269
13.81
50
31.70
29.34
362.14
23.50
0.70
266
8.23
50
24.47
24.93
349.16
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ECE 525N 1ECF

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Site D
2013
23.80
0.40
268
4.76
50
18.62
21.36
344.12
24.20
0.00
261
0.00
50
0.00
10.00
321.00
c) Graph
450.00
400.00
350.00
300.00
EC (ft)
250.00
Elevation
200.00
T&G
150.00
Fresnel
100.00
50.00
0.00
1.00
1.75
3.00
4.12
5.30
6.47
7.26
8.50
9.27
10.40
11.40
12.00
13.50
14.50
15.50
16.50
17.50
18.50
19.50
20.50
21.20
22.50
23.50
24.20
0.00
d) LOS
Frequency =
5.9
Ant. Height C =
260.00
Ant. Height D =
170.00
Obstacle
Location
d1
(mi)
Yi
LOSi
HC - HD
HC
HD
LOSi +
FZ
LOS - FZ
Repeater 1
a
b
c
d
0.00
0.00
417.00
14
417.00
431.00
417.00
417.00
427.00
407.00
0.70
0.40
417.40
14
417.00
431.00
441.88
392.93
442.33
392.48
1.00
0.58
417.58
14
417.00
431.00
446.64
388.52
445.31
389.85
1.08
0.62
417.62
14
417.00
431.00
447.78
387.47
446.02
389.23
1.75
1.01
418.01
14
417.00
431.00
455.83
380.19
451.08
384.94
LOSi + F LOS - F
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A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
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J
2013
2.00
1.16
418.16
14
417.00
431.00
458.36
377.95
452.68
383.63
3.00
1.74
418.74
14
417.00
431.00
466.86
370.62
458.09
379.38
3.30
1.91
418.91
14
417.00
431.00
469.02
368.80
459.48
378.34
4.12
2.38
419.38
14
417.00
431.00
474.27
364.50
462.86
375.91
5.00
2.89
419.89
14
417.00
431.00
479.01
360.77
465.96
373.83
5.30
3.07
420.07
14
417.00
431.00
480.46
359.68
466.90
373.23
5.51
3.19
420.19
14
417.00
431.00
481.42
358.96
467.54
372.84
6.47
3.74
420.74
14
417.00
431.00
485.37
356.12
470.16
371.32
7.00
4.05
421.05
14
417.00
431.00
487.26
354.84
471.44
370.66
7.26
4.20
421.20
14
417.00
431.00
488.12
354.28
472.02
370.38
8.00
4.63
421.63
14
417.00
431.00
490.32
352.94
473.53
369.73
8.50
4.92
421.92
14
417.00
431.00
491.62
352.21
474.44
369.40
8.80
5.09
422.09
14
417.00
431.00
492.33
351.85
474.94
369.24
9.27
5.36
422.36
14
417.00
431.00
493.35
351.38
475.66
369.06
9.50
5.50
422.50
14
417.00
431.00
493.80
351.19
475.99
369.00
10.40
6.02
423.02
14
417.00
431.00
495.30
350.73
477.11
368.92
10.50
6.07
423.07
14
417.00
431.00
495.44
350.70
477.22
368.93
11.40
6.60
423.60
14
417.00
431.00
496.48
350.71
478.06
369.13
11.60
6.71
423.71
14
417.00
431.00
496.66
350.76
478.21
369.21
12.00
6.94
423.94
14
417.00
431.00
496.95
350.93
478.48
369.41
12.50
7.23
424.23
14
417.00
431.00
497.20
351.26
478.74
369.72
13.50
7.81
424.81
14
417.00
431.00
497.33
352.29
479.05
370.57
14.00
8.10
425.10
14
417.00
431.00
497.20
352.99
479.08
371.12
14.50
8.39
425.39
14
417.00
431.00
496.95
353.83
479.04
371.74
15.00
8.68
425.68
14
417.00
431.00
496.56
354.79
478.92
372.44
15.50
8.97
425.97
14
417.00
431.00
496.04
355.90
478.71
373.22
16.00
9.26
426.26
14
417.00
431.00
495.37
357.14
478.42
374.10
16.50
9.55
426.55
14
417.00
431.00
494.56
358.53
478.03
375.06
17.00
9.83
426.83
14
417.00
431.00
493.59
360.08
477.56
376.11
17.50
10.12
427.12
14
417.00
431.00
492.46
361.79
476.98
377.27
18.00
10.41
427.41
14
417.00
431.00
491.16
363.67
476.30
378.53
18.50
10.70
427.70
14
417.00
431.00
489.66
365.74
475.50
379.91
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ECE 525N 1ECF

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Site D
2013
19.00
10.99
427.99
14
417.00
431.00
487.97
368.02
474.58
381.41
19.50
11.28
428.28
14
417.00
431.00
486.05
370.52
473.52
383.04
19.70
11.40
428.40
14
417.00
431.00
485.21
371.58
473.05
383.74
20.50
11.86
428.86
14
417.00
431.00
481.41
376.31
470.92
386.80
21.00
12.15
429.15
14
417.00
431.00
478.61
379.69
469.32
388.98
21.20
12.26
429.26
14
417.00
431.00
477.38
381.14
468.62
389.91
21.90
12.67
429.67
14
417.00
431.00
472.49
386.85
465.79
393.55
22.50
13.02
430.02
14
417.00
431.00
467.33
392.70
462.78
397.25
23.00
13.31
430.31
14
417.00
431.00
462.01
398.61
459.64
400.97
23.50
13.60
430.60
14
417.00
431.00
455.07
406.12
455.52
405.67
23.80
13.77
430.77
14
417.00
431.00
449.39
412.15
452.13
409.41
24.20
14.00
431.00
14
417.00
431.00
431.00
431.00
441.00
421.00
e) LOS Graph
600.00
500.00
EC (ft)
Elevation
400.00
T&G
Fresnel
300.00
LOSi
LOSi + F
200.00
LOS - F
LOSi + FZ
100.00
LOS - FZ
0.00
1.00
1.75
3.00
4.12
5.30
6.47
7.26
8.50
9.27
10.40
11.40
12.00
13.50
14.50
15.50
16.50
17.50
18.50
19.50
20.50
21.20
22.50
23.50
24.20
0.00
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f) Computations
(
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COMPUTATION: Earths Curvature

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99 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF

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COMPUTATION: Fresnel Zone

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100 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF

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COMPUTATION: Line of Sight
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101 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF

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102 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF

2013
REFLECTION AREA
Site C (Repeater 1) to Site D (Angeles City Hall)
Ant. Height Site C = 260 ft
Ant. Height Site D = 170 ft
Computation
0.45 (24.2) = 10.89 miles

0.39 (24.2) = 9.44 miles
103 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF

2013
PATH ANALYSIS
UNFADED C/N
REPEATER 1 to SITE C (ANGELES CITY HALL)
1. Site Repeater 1 to site Angeles City Hall
2. Latitude / Longitude: 1530'53.54"N / 12035'18.20"E
to Latitude / Longitude: 15 9'55.61"N / 12036'32.05"E
3. Path Length: 24.2 miles
4. Site C Elevation: 173 Ft
Antenna Height: 260 ft
5. Site D Elevation: 259 ft
Antenna Height: 170 ft
6. Azimuth from True North (Site A): 176.68
Angle of Inclination:
7. Azimuth from True North (Site B): 356.22
356.22 - 176.68 = 179.54
8. Signal Type: Digital
9. Frequency Band: 5.9 GHz 6.5 GHz.
Frequency: 5.93 GHz 6.47 GHz.
10. FDM Channel: 10 channels.
11. Type of Transmitter Equipment: Model FLR 6HP
Transmitter Output Power: Po = 5.01 Watts
Po = 37 dBm
12. Tx Transmission Line Losses
a) Waveguide Type: EWP52 - 59
Length: 260 + 50 = 310 Ft
b) Waveguide Loss/Length: 1.21 dB / 100 Ft
Waveguide Loss: 3.751 dB
c) Flex Guide Loss: 0 dB
d) Connector / Transition Type: 152SE
No. of Connector: 5
Connector / Transition Loss: 0.01 dB
Total Loss: 0.05 dB
e) Directional Coupler Loss: 0 dB
f) Circulator / Hybrid Loss: 0 dB
g) Other Losses: 0 dB
h) Total Transition Losses: 3.751 + 0.05
TLL(Tx): 3.80 dB
13. Tx Antenna Type: High Performance Antenna / Super High Cross Polarization Discrimination
Dual Polarized (HSX15 59).
Diameter: 15 ft
Computed Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log(15 ft) + 20log(5.93 GHz)
= 46.48 dB
104 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF

2013
14. Radome Loss: 46.48 46.3 = 0.18 dB

Antenna Gain: 46.3 dB
15. Effective Isotropic Radiated Power:
EIRP = Po(dBm) + G(Tx) - TLL(Tx)
EIRP = 37 dBm + 46.30 dB 3.80 dB
EIRP = 79.50 dBm
16. Free Space Loss: 96.6 + 20log(24.2 miles) + 20log(6.41 GHz)
FSL = 140.41 dB
17. Unfaded IRL = EIRP FSL = 79.50 dBm 140.41 dB
Unfaded IRL = -60.91 dBm
18. Rx Antenna Type: : High Performance Antenna / Super High Cross Polarization Discrimination
Dual Polarized (HSX15 59).
Diameter: 15 ft
19. Computed Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log(15 ft) + 20log(5.93 GHz)
= 46.48 dB
20. Rx Transmission Line Losses
a) Waveguide Type: EWP52 - 59
Length: 170 + 50 = 220 Ft
b) Waveguide Loss/Length: 1.21 dB / 100 Ft
Waveguide Loss: 2.66 dB
c) Flex Guide Loss: 0 dB
d) Connector / Transition Type: 152SE
No. of Connector: 5
Connector / Transition Loss: 0.01 dB
Total Loss: 0.05 dB
e) Directional Coupler Loss: 0 dB
f) Circulator / Hybrid Loss: 0 dB
g) Other Losses: 0 dB
h) Total Transition Losses: 2.66 + 0.05
TLL(Rx): 2.71 dB
21. Unfaded RSL = Unfaded IRL + G(Rx) TLL(Rx)
= -60.91 dBm + 46.30 dB 2.71 dB
Unfaded RSL = -17.32 dBm
22. Type of Receiver Equipment: Model FLR 6HP
23. Rx Noise Figure: 3.5 dB
24. Rx IFBW: 70 MHz
25. Rx Thermal Noise Threshold: -85 dBm
26. Unfaded C/N = -16.61 dBm (-85 dBm)
Unfaded C/N = 67.68 dB
105 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF

2013
FADED C/N
REPEATER 1 to SITE C (ANGELES CITY HALL)
o
o
System Availability: 99.99%

Required Availability:
Reliability per Link : 99.998%

Time Availability
90 %
99 %
99.9 %
99.99%
99.999 %
Fade Margin (dB)

8
18
28
38
48
Rayleigh Method:
48
x
38
99.99
99.998
99.999
Required Availability: 99.99%

Fade Margin: 46.87 dB
o
Siemens Method:
Radio Link Type: Type B
Required Availability: 99.99%
Unavailability (W): 0.002%
Frequency (f): 6.47 GHz
106 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF

2013
Path Length (d): 38.95 Km

Fading Depth in dB (A):
W = 8x10-7 fd2.5 x 10-A/10
0.00002 = (8x10-7) (6.47 GHz) (38.95)2.5 x 10-A/10
A = 33.89 dB
o
ITU-R METHOD:
C (Lat) = 0
C (Long) = 0
= 20
Geo-climatic factor (k):
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k=
-6.5
1.5
= 10 (20 )
= 28.28 x 10-6
Frequency (f) = 6.47 GHz
Path Length (d) = 38.95 km
Required Availability = 99.99%
Unavailability (w) = 0.002%
Height:
Repeater 1: 173ft + 260ft = 433 Ft (131.98 m)
Site D: 259ft + 170ft = 429 Ft (130.76 m)
Path Inclination in mrad:
| |
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Fade Margin (A):

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A = 45.79 dB
Attenuation Losses:
o
Due to Atmospheric Absorption:

Path Length
(miles)
2.4 6 GHz
20
0.2
40
0.4
60
0.6
80
0.8
Attenuation in dB
8 GHz
10 GHz
0.26
0.32
0.52
0.64
0.78
0.96
1.04
1.28
12 GHz
0.38
0.76
1.14
1.52
107 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF

2013
0.4
x
0
o
40
24.2
Due to Atmospheric Gases:

Frequency
2 GHz
8 GHz
14 GHz
Losses(dB)/mile
0.0002
0.002
0.01
0.002
x
0.0002
2
o
5.9
0.32 dB
Due to Oxygen
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Due to Water Vapor

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108 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF

2013
Due to Fog
Frequency: 5.9 GHz
Attenuation in fog or cloud: 0.032 gm/m3 (F)
Attenuation: 0 dB/km
Due to Rainfall Rate

Frequency: 5.9 GHz
Soln
Attenuation in rainfall intensity of: 4.0 mm/hr (moderate rain 0.16

Attenuation: 0 dB/km
in/hr (F)
Atmospheric Losses
Atmospheric Losses = A + B + C + D + E + F
= 0.24 + 0.32 + 0.25 + 0.09 + 0 + 0
= 0.90 dB
Diffraction Loss = 0 dB
FM
Since the computation of Rayleigh Method is greater than the other two computations.
Therefore.
FM = 46.87 dB
Total Faded Loss

FADED IRL = EIRP FSL FM ATM DIFF LOSS
= 79.50 140.41 46.87 0.90 0
= -108.68 dBm
FADED RSL = FADED IRL + GRxL TLLRx
= -108.68 + 46.30 2.71
= -65.09 dBm
FADED C/N = FADED RSL Rx(Threshold)
= -65.09 (-85)
= 19.91 dB
109 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF

2013
Adjusted C/N & Reliability

Reqd:
C/N = 56 dB
For 6 Links:
Avail / Link = 99.998 %
Computed:
Faded C/N = 21.35 dB
Soln
Set C/N Link = 56 dB = RSL faded Pn (dBm)
RSL (faded) = 56 + (-85 dBm)
RSL (faded) = - 29 dBm
RSL (faded) = IRL (faded) + G (Rx) TLL (Rx)
IRL (faded) = -29 dBm 46.30 + 2.71
IRL (faded) = -72.59 dBm
IRL (faded) = EIRP FSL all Atm. losses FM
FM = 79.50 140.41 0.90 + 72.59
FM = 10.78 dB
Solve for FM (or A) =
dB
Next: comp. for the availability / unit

a) Rayleigh
99
X
90
8
10.78
18
110 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF

2013
b) Siemens Method
W = 8x10-7 fd2.5 x 10-A/10
W = (8x10-7) (6.47 GHz) (38.95)2.5 x 10-10.78/10
W = 0.004095
Availability = 1 Unavailability
Availability = 1 0.004095
Availability = 99.59 %
c) ITU-R Method
(
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| |)
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Availability = 1 Unavailability
Availability = 1 0.06345
Availability = 93.65 %
Improving C/N using diversity

Let F1 = 6.17 GHz
Let F2 = 6.47 GHz
Fade Margin = 18 dB
C/N (Improved) = EIRP FSL Atm. Losses Diff. Loss FM(Improved) Pn TLL(Rx) + G(Rx)
C/N (Improved) = 79.50 140.41 0.90 18 + 85 2.71 + 46.30
C/N (Improved) = 48.78 dBm
111 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF

2013
Space Diversity
Formula:
(
)(
)( )(
where:
f = frequency in GHz.
s = vertical antenna spacing in ft.
FM = fade margin in dB associated to the 2nd antenna.
Soln
(
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)(
)(
112 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF

2013
SPECIFICATIONS
a) Antenna Specifications
b) Transceiver and Receiver Specifications
113 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF

2013
c) Waveguide Specifications
114 | P a g e
ECE DEPARTMENT

V.C Microwave Los Design (Repeater 1 To Site C)

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V.C Microwave Los Design (Repeater 1 To Site C)

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ECE 525N 1ECF

Microwave LOS Communication System Design