01-05 Multiband Network - 900-1800mHZ

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description
5 Multiband Network
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About This Chapter
Multiband Network
5.1 Overview This describes the definition and purposes of the multiband network. The multiband network features multiple frequency bands in one network, which increases the utilization ratio of radio frequency resources. 5.2 Availability This lists the NEs, software, and MS required for the implementation of the multiband network. 5.3 Technical Description This describes the technical aspects of the multiband network. The multiband network allows the BSC to manage multiple frequency bands, enables the operator to extend the frequency band. Thus, the utilization of frequency resources can be improved. 5.4 Implementation This describes how to configure, verify, and deactivate the multiband network. 5.5 Maintenance Information This lists the alarms and performance counters related to the multiband network. 5.6 References
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5.1 Overview
This describes the definition and purposes of the multiband network. The multiband network features multiple frequency bands in one network, which increases the utilization ratio of radio frequency resources.
Definition
A multiband network consists of multiple frequency bands. Huawei GSM BSS supports the following types of multiband networks:
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GSM850 band + GSM900 band + GSM1800 band GSM850 band + GSM900 band + GSM1900 band
The most commonly used multiband networks are the dual-band networks, which are GSM900 band + GSM1800 band, and GSM850 band + GSM1900 band.
NOTE
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GSM900 band is the most widely used frequency band in the GSM network. To be distinguished from E-GSM900 band and R-GSM900 band, the standard GSM900 band is referred to as P-GSM900 band in the GSM protocols. GSM1800 band is referred to as DCS1800 band, and GSM1900 band is referred to as PCS1900 band. GSM1800 band and GSM1900 band have many frequencies in common, so the two frequency bands cannot constitute a multiband network.
Purposes
The multiband network allows the BSC to manage multiple frequency bands, enables the operator to extend the frequency band. Thus, the utilization of frequency resources can be improved.
NOTE
With the large-sale development of the GSM network, the limited radio frequency resources become the bottleneck in the further development of the GSM business. The introduction of, however, extended frequency bands of E-GSM and R-GSM effectively relieves the insufficiency of radio frequency resources.
Terms
None.
Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronyms and Abbreviations BCCH BA CM
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Full Spelling Broadcast Control Channel BCCH Allocation Classmark
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ECSC MBR CBQ CBA CDU PBU
Full Spelling Early Classmark Sending Control Multiband Report Cell Bar Qualify Cell Bar Access Combining and Distribution Unit Power Boost Unit
5.2 Availability
This lists the NEs, software, and MS required for the implementation of the multiband network.
NEs Involved
Table 5-1 lists the NEs involved in the multiband network. Table 5-1 NEs involved in the multiband network MS
NOTE
l : not involved l : involved
BTS
BSC
MSC
MGW
SGSN
GGSN
HLR
Software Releases
Table 5-2 lists the version mapping requirements for the BTS software. Table 5-2 GBSS products and software versions Product BSC BTS BSC6000 BTS3012AE Version V900R003C01 and later releases BTS3000V100R001C0 4 and later releases
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Product Other BTS types
Version Neither PCS1900 band nor GSM850 band is supported by the releases before November 11th, 2004. G3BTS32V302R002C 05 and later releases
BTS3X
Miscellaneous
The multiband network requires the MS to support corresponding multiple bands. The MS supporting a single frequency band can also gain access to the multiband network, but camps only on the corresponding frequency band in the multiband network. At present, Huawei GSM BSS supports 900 MHz band (P-GSM900 band, E-GSM900 band, and R-GSM900 band), 1800 MHz band (DCS1800 band), 1900 MHz band (PCS1900 band), and 850 MHz band. Huawei GSM BSS does not support GSM450 band or GSM480 band. In terms of cell, Huawei GSM BSS supports GSM900/DCS1800 Co-BCCH cell, and does not support GSM850 /PCS1900 Co-BCCH cell.
5.3 Technical Description

This describes the technical aspects of the multiband network. The multiband network allows the BSC to manage multiple frequency bands, enables the operator to extend the frequency band. Thus, the utilization of frequency resources can be improved. 5.3.1 Frequency Band Segmentation This describes the frequency band division for a multiband network. A multiband network consists of multiple frequency bands. Good frequency band division is the crucial prerequisite for proper operation of the multiband network. 5.3.2 Frequency Assignment for TRXs This describes the frequency assignment for TRXs. The TRXs configured on the BTS must support related frequency bands to enable a multiband network. 5.3.3 Multiband Channel Assignment This describes the multiband channel assignment. In channel assignment, the multiband channel assignment considers the capability of the MS and the channel itself to support the frequency bands. The channel assignment strategy depends on the practical application. 5.3.4 Frequency Band Features This describes the features of frequency bands. The performance of a network can be improved with a proper networking mode based on the features of different frequency bands. 5.3.5 Multiband Network Topology This describes the multiband networking mode. The networking mode for a multiband network is of three types: independent MSC networking, Co-MSC/independent BSC networking, and Co-BSC networking. The former two types are referred to as independent networking, and the latter one is referred to as hybrid networking.
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5.3.6 Technical Principles This describes the technical principles related to the multiband network. Based on the principles, you need to correctly configure related parameters at the network enabling stage to ensure the performance of the multiband network. 5.3.7 Traffic Guiding Strategy This describes the traffic guiding strategy of the multiband network. To meet the increasingly high requirements on capacity and quality of the multiband network, the DCS1800 band is required to absorb or share the traffic volume at a maximum extent. 5.3.8 Enhanced Dual-Band Network This describes the enhanced dual-band network that is an improvement on the existing dualband network. In the enhanced dual-band network, two co-sited cells with different coverage areas are logically formed into a cell group. One is an overlaid subcell and the other is an underlaid subcell. The enhanced dual-band network algorithm enables the channel resource sharing and the cell load balance between the two cells in a cell group.
5.3.1 Frequency Band Segmentation

This describes the frequency band division for a multiband network. A multiband network consists of multiple frequency bands. Good frequency band division is the crucial prerequisite for proper operation of the multiband network. There are eight frequency bands available for the multiband network. Table 5-3 lists the mapping between the Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN) and the frequency in every frequency band. Table 5-3 Mapping between the ARFCN and the frequency Frequency Band P-GSM900 band Uplink Frequency Fl(n) = 890 + 0.2 x n 890915 MHz E-GSM900 band Fl(n) = 890 + 0.2 x n Fl(n) = 890 + 0.2 x (n 1024) 880915 MHz R-GSM900 band Fl(n) = 890 + 0.2 x n Fl(n) = 890 + 0.2 x (n 1024) 876915 MHz DCS1800 band Fl(n) = 1710.2 + 0.2 x (n 512) 17101785 MHz PCS1900 band Fl(n) = 1850.2 + 0.2 x (n 512) 921960 MHz Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 95 18051880 MHz Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 80 512 n 810 925960 MHz Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 45 Downlink Frequency Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 45 935960 MHz Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 45 0 n 124 975 n 1023 0 n 124 955 n 1023 512 n 885 ARFCN 1 n 124
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Frequency Band
Uplink Frequency 18501910 MHz
Downlink Frequency 19301990 MHz Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 45 869894 MHz Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 10 460.4467.6 MHz Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 10 488.8496 MHz
ARFCN
GSM850 band
Fl(n) = 824.2 + 0.2 x (n 128) 824849 MHz
128 n 251
GSM450 band
Fl(n) = 450.6 + 0.2 x (n 259) 450.4457.6 MHz
259 n 293
GSM480 band
Fl(n) = 479 + 0.2 x (n 306) 478.8486 MHz
306 n 340
NOTE
In Table 5-3, n indicates the Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number and the frequency is in unit of MHz. Fl(n) indicates the uplink frequency corresponding to n. On the uplink frequency, the MS sends signals to the BTS. Fu(n) indicates the downlink frequency on which the BTS sends signals to the MS.
For frequency band division, you still need to keep the following in mind:
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The E-GSM900 band, R-GSM900 band, and P-GSM900 band are in the same frequency band without adjacent frequencies. The E-GSM extended band refers to the band that does not contain the P-GSM band. The R-GSM extended band refers to the band that does not contain the E-GSM band.
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5.3.2 Frequency Assignment for TRXs

This describes the frequency assignment for TRXs. The TRXs configured on the BTS must support related frequency bands to enable a multiband network. Table 5-4 lists different ranges of ARFCN that every TRX supports. Table 5-4 Ranges of ARFCN that TRXs support TRX PTRX ETRX Range of ARFCN 1 n 124 0 n 124 975 n 1023 RTRX 0 n 124 955 n 1023 DTRX
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512 n 885
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TRX PETR EETR RETR
Range of ARFCN 512 n 810 128 n 251 0 n 124 955 n 1023
DETR TRX
512 n 885 The TRX converts to PTRX or DTRX based on frequencies. The TRX helps the system decide the frequency band support for TRX mutual aid.
NOTE For the candidate TRX selection in TRX mutual aid, the frequencies of the source TRX must be interchangeable with those of the target TRX. That is, the TRX, CDU, and PBU of the target/source TRX must support all the frequencies configured for the source/target TRX.
5.3.3 Multiband Channel Assignment

This describes the multiband channel assignment. In channel assignment, the multiband channel assignment considers the capability of the MS and the channel itself to support the frequency bands. The channel assignment strategy depends on the practical application.
Channel Assignment Algorithm II

In a channel assignment procedure, the system decides the capability of every channel to support the MS based on the MS classmark, and then preferentially assigns the channel on the band outside of the band intersection to the MS. For an MS that supports the E-GSM band, if the available channels are carried on the P-GSM band and the E-GSM extended band, the channel on the E-GSM extended band is preferentially assigned to the MS. The band intersection, P-GSM band, is assigned to other MSs with weak band supporting capability.
Channel Assignment Strategy

In a channel assignment procedure, the system decides the capability of every channel to support the MS based on the MS classmark.
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If the MS classmark 3 is valid, the system decides based on the MS classmark 3. If the MS classmark 3 is invalid, the band supported by the MS is updated to the band where the BCCH is carried.
For example, the BCCH is carried on the E-GSM extended band. When the MS classmark 3 is invalid, the band supported by the MS becomes the E-GSM extended band (because the E-GSM extended band contains the P-GSM band, the MS supports the P-GSM band at the same time). The BSC filters the unqualified channels and assigns the channel with the highest priority level to the MS.
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The priority level of a channel consists of four bytes with one bit indicating one frequency band. The bit corresponding to the frequency band that the channel is carried on is set to 1. See Figure 5-1. Figure 5-1 Frequency band bit for channel priority
TCH priority
... ... ... ...
850
450
480
1900
1800
... ... ... ...
TCH/Band_P
TCH/Band_E
TCH/Band_R
The greater the bit value is, the lower the priority level of the corresponding channel is. For example, if an MS supports the R-GSM band, the TCH carried on the P-GSM, E-GSM, or RGSM band can be assigned the MS. Based on the channel priority, which is R-GSM > E-GSM > P-GSM, the TCH carried on the R-GSM band is preferentially assigned to the MS. The band carrying the TCH is determined by the TRX, and the band of the TRX is determined by the assigned frequency. For example, the assigned frequency for RTRX is in the P-GSM band, and therefore the TCH on RTRX is carried on the P-GSM band. In case of immediate assignment, the system assigns the channel for the MS based on the frequency band where the BCCH is carried.
5.3.4 Frequency Band Features

This describes the features of frequency bands. The performance of a network can be improved with a proper networking mode based on the features of different frequency bands.
NOTE
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The features of the 1900 MHz band are similar to those of the 1800 MHz band. The features of the 850 MHz band are similar to those of the 900 MHz band. The 850 MHz band and the 900 MHz band feature strong penetration and wide coverage. The features of the 850 MHz band are in opposition to those of the 1800 MHz band.
Due to the previously mentioned points, only the features of the 1800 MHz band are described as below.
Propagation Features of 1800 MHz Band

The working frequency of the 1800 MHz band is twice that of the 900 MHz band. Therefore, there are following differences in propagation loss between the 1800 MHz band and the 900 MHz band:
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In Line of Sight (LOS), the propagation loss of the 1800 MHz band is 6 dB greater than that of the 900 MHz band.
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Out of Line of Sight (LOS), the propagation loss of the 1800 MHz band is 10 dB greater than that of the 900 MHz band. In a building, the propagation loss of the 1800 MHz band is 517 dB greater than that of the 900 MHz band (associated with materials).
Fast fading of the 1800 MHz band unfavorably affects the network coverage, which directly degrades the network performance. In terms of the diffraction capability of the electromagnetic wave, the 900 MHz band outperforms the 1800 MHz band.
Coverage Requirements for 1800 MHz Band

The coverage of the 1800 MHz band is applied to two applications:
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Outdoor coverage This application is easily implemented with small distance between BTSs. If necessary, add the equipment supporting the DCS1800 band at the original GSM900 BTS site, and add BTSs at suitable places.
Indoor coverage To ensure a good indoor coverage of the DCS1800 band, Huawei recommends that the distance between BTSs in downtown be less than 1,000 m, with 500800 m preferably.
Coverage Mode of 1800 MHz Band

The network coverage of the 1800 MHz band in a multiband network can be implemented in the following ways:
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Complete continuous coverage The features of complete continuous coverage are:
High traffic-absorbing capability, few inter-layer handover, and high network performance Easy frequency planning, network optimization, and traffic distribution control Site deployment once for all, stepwise capacity expansion for TRXs based on requirements, and convenient construction and maintenance Huge investment, and difficulty in selecting all the sites at a time
Continuous coverage in hot spots The features of continuous coverage in hot spots are:

Limited traffic-absorbing capability, and frequent multiband handover High requirements for locating traffic hot spots Irregular BTS distribution, which causes difficulty in frequency planning and network optimization Difficulty in construction and maintenance Site construction in densely-populated areas with stepwise coverage and investment efficiency
Sparse coverage in hot spots The features of Sparse coverage in hot spots are:

Low traffic-absorbing capability, and frequent multiband handover High requirements for locating traffic hot spots
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Irregular BTS distribution, which causes difficulty in frequency planning and network optimization Difficulty in construction and maintenance Small initial investment
5.3.5 Multiband Network Topology

This describes the multiband networking mode. The networking mode for a multiband network is of three types: independent MSC networking, Co-MSC/independent BSC networking, and Co-BSC networking. The former two types are referred to as independent networking, and the latter one is referred to as hybrid networking.
Independent MSC Networking

In independent MSC networking mode, the GSM850 band, GSM900 band, DCS1800 band, and GSM1900 band use different MSCs respectively. Figure 5-2 shows this networking mode where the commonly used GSM900 band and the DCS1800 band are applied. Figure 5-2 Independent MSC networking mode
BTS MS BTS OMC EIR BSC MSC/VLR
SMC
HLR/AUC
BTS MS BTS BSC MSC/VLR
GSM900
DCS1800
The features of independent MSC networking mode are as follows:

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No impact on the existing network. Convenient for network planning and data configuration. The network deployment becomes easy.
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Frequent inter-office handovers and location updates burden the signaling links. Requirements are met for capacity expansion in the long term. Convenient for network management and service development. Cooperation of equipment from different manufacturers is required. The initial investment of network deployment is relatively huge. But the average investment on a user is the lowest.
Due to the previously mentioned features, the independent MSC networking mode outperforms the hybrid networking mode in the long term.
Co-MSC/Independent BSC Networking

In Co-MSC/independent BSC networking mode, the GSM850 band, GSM900 band, DCS1800 band, and GSM1900 band use the same MSC but different BSCs. Figure 5-3 shows this networking mode where the commonly used GSM900 band and the DCS1800 band are applied. Figure 5-3 Co-MSC/independent BSC networking mode
BTS MS BTS OMC MSC/VLR SMC HLR/AUC EIR BSC
BTS MS BTS BSC
GSM900
DCS1800
The features of Co-MSC/independent BSC networking mode are as follows:

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Certain Impact on the existing network. NSS re-planning is required. The network deployment is difficult. Inconvenient for capacity expansion and network evolvement.
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The initial investment of network deployment is relatively small. The average investment on a user is relatively low. The competition among candidate equipment manufacturers is introduced, which helps reduce the investment and improve the service quality. The independent BSC has a backup and the network security is guaranteed.
Co-BSC Networking
In Co-BSC networking mode, the GSM850 band, GSM900 band, DCS1800 band, and GSM1900 band use the same BSC, or, the multiband BTSs are connected to the BSC. Figure 5-4 shows this networking mode where the commonly used GSM900 band and the DCS1800 band are applied. Figure 5-4 Co-BSC networking mode
BTS
MS
BTS
BSC
BTS OMC MSC/VLR SMC BTS MS BTS BSC HLR/AUC EIR
BTS
GSM900
DCS1800
GSM900/DCS1800
The features of Co-BSC networking mode are as follows:

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Possible huge impact on the existing network. The impact may be very serious in case of a small-capacity BSC. NSS re-planning and BSS re-planning are required. The network deployment is difficult. Inconvenient for capacity expansion and network evolvement. Inconvenient for service development.
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The competition among candidate equipment manufacturers cannot be introduced. It is unlikely to cut down the investment and improve the service quality.
5.3.6 Technical Principles

This describes the technical principles related to the multiband network. Based on the principles, you need to correctly configure related parameters at the network enabling stage to ensure the performance of the multiband network.
MS Classmark
In the GSM system, MS classmark indicates the service capability, supported bands, power capability, and encryption capability of an MS. MS classmark is of three types, namely, Classmark 1, Classmark 2, and Classmark 3. The information contained in Classmark 3 is for multiband applications. The equipment in a multiband network is required to support related handling of MS classmark. The network learns the capabilities of an MS by querying the MS classmark. Alternatively, the network sets ECSC to require the MS to report its classmark after the link establishment. Huawei GSM equipment supports the functions such as early classmark sending control (ECSC), and handling of Classmark 3.
BCCH Allocation Table

In the GSM system, the BCCH Allocation (BA) table is a list of BCCH frequencies of all the neighbor cells. The network sends the MS the BA table in system information, enabling network compatibility for the MSs. Thus, the MSs can access the multiband network and perform handover successfully. The BA table is of the following two types:
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BA1 Table BA1 table lists the neighbor cells for the MS in idle mode. BA1 table is sent in system information type 2, 2bis, and 2ter, which are regularly broadcast by the network on the SACCH to all MSs for cell reselection in idle mode.
BA2 Table BA2 table lists the neighbor cells for the MS in busy mode. BA2 table is sent in system information type 5, 5bis, and 5ter, which are regularly broadcast by the network on the SACCH to all MSs for handover in busy mode.
While the MS is in busy mode, the MS cannot extract parameters related to neighbor cells from system information type 2, 2bis, and 2ter. Instead, the MS in busy mode extracts the BA table from system information type 5, 5bis, and 5ter, which are regularly broadcast on the SACCH, to ensure the handover procedure. The BA table in system information type 5, 5bis, and 5ter can be identical with or different from that in system information type 2, 2bis, and 2ter, depending on the specific network conditions. The settings of the BA table should be based on network design requirements and actual neighbor cells. Otherwise, the network performance may be degraded. Improper handover, improper cell reselection, or even unsuccessful handover may occur. The number of neighbor cells in every BA table should be less than 32.
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System Information Support to Multiband Network

The network sends the MS system information (system information type 2, 2bis, 2ter, 5, 5bis, and 5ter), enabling network compatibility for the MSs. Thus, the MSs can access the multiband network and perform handover successfully. Huawei 900/1800 system implements full compatibility handling on Phase I and Phase II GSM900 MSs, Phase I and Phase II DCS1800 MSs, and multiband MSs. The system supports system information type 2, 2bis, 2ter, 5, 5bis, and 5ter. The inter-band frequencies in the neighbor cell list are sent in system information type 2ter and 5ter for the multiband MSs. The Phase I MSs identify only the codes in bit map mode. Therefore, the intra-band frequencies of GSM900 cells can be encoded in bit map mode in system information type 2 and 5. Thus, the Phase I GSM900 MSs are applicable in the GSM900 cells. After the encoding, the intra-band frequencies in the GSM1800 cells cannot be sent on one BA table. Therefore, the codes of the intra-band frequencies are sent in system information type 2 and 5, and system information type 2bis and 5bis respectively. System information type 2bis/ 5bis is for single-band DCS1800 MSs and multiband MSs. The equipment in a multiband network is required to support system information type 2ter and 5ter.
Early Classmark Sending Control (ECSC)

ECSC indicates whether the network requires the MS to report MS classmark information (containing Classmark 3) as early as possible. Huawei recommends that you set ECSC to 0 in a single-band network, and set ECSC to 1 in a multiband network to reduce the signaling traffic. ECSC is sent in system information type 3.
Multiband Report
Multiband Report is the information about six neighbor cells of different bands reported by the MS to the network.
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In a single-band network, the MS reports the measurement results of six best neighbor cells within a band. In a multiband network, the operator may hope that the MS camps on a certain band preferentially when a handover occurs. Therefore, the operator requires the signal strength and the frequency band in the measurement reports sent by the MS.
In a multiband network, the propagation loss of the DCS1800 band is greater than that of the GSM900 band. Thus, no DCS1800 cells exist in the list of six best neighbor cells reported by the MS. As a result, the traffic volume absorbed by the DCS1800 network becomes decreased. Through the setting of Multiband Report, the network can require the multiband MS to send the Multiband Report of neighbor DCS1800 cells. With different values of Multiband Report, the MS can report the information about neighbor cells of different bands as required when the MS reports Multiband Report of the six best neighbor cells to the network.
Cell Selection
While in idle mode, an MS implements the cell selection and reselection procedures. The network can control these procedures to balance the distribution of traffic volume.
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When an MS is switched on, it performs cell selection to specify a cell to camp on. The principles for cell selection are as follows:
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Preferentially select the cell that is accessible and has high priority. In case the equal priority, select the cell with the highest value of C1. C1 of the selected cell must be greater than zero.
NOTE
C1 is defined by the formula: .

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RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN: Its value range is 063, with 0 indicating 110 dBm and 63 indicating 48 dBm. MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH: Its value range is as follows:
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GSM900 band: 019, with 0 indicating 43 dBm and 1 indicating 41 dBm. Power levels can be stepped up or down in step of 2 dB. DCS1800 band: 015, with 0 indicating 30 dBm and 1 indicating 28 dBm. Power levels can be stepped up or down in step of 2 dB.
In a multiband network, the propagation loss of the DCS1800 band is greater than that of the GSM900 band. To enable the MS to access a DCS1800 cell, set CBQ (Cell Bar Qualify) and CBA (Cell Bar Access) to control the cell priority. Table 5-5 lists the cell priority for cell selection and reselection. Table 5-5 Cell selection/reselection priority Cell_Bar_Qu alify 0 0 1 1 Cell_Bar_ Access 0 1 0 1 Cell Selection Normal Forbidden Low Low Cell Reselection Normal Forbidden Normal Normal
Generally, the settings of cell selection are as follows:

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GSM900 cell: CBQ = 1, CBA = 0. DCS1800 cell: CBQ = 0, CBA = 0.
Because the signal strength in a DCS1800 cell is usually weaker than that in a GSM900 cell, the priority of the DCS1800 cell is set to Normal, and the priority of the GSM900 cell is set to Low. Thus, a multiband MS preferentially selects the DCS1800 cell.
Cell Reselection
Upon completion of cell selection, the MS camps on the selected cell and starts to measure the receive levels of BCCH carriers for the six strongest non-serving carriers. In addition, the MS extracts various system information and control messages from the six best neighbor cells.
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When certain conditions are met, an MS leaves the serving cell and camps on another cell. This procedure is called cell reselection. The conditions for cell reselection include many factors such as cell priority, cell accessibility, and radio channel quality. The reselection criterion C2 indicates the channel quality standard. The value of C2 is defined by the following formula:
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If PT < 31, C2 = C1 + CRO TO x H (PT T) If PT = 31 (all 1s), C2 = C1 CRO

NOTE
The meaning of function H(x) is:

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If x < 0, (PT T < 0), H(x) = 0. If x 0, (PT T = 0), H(x) = 1.
The principle for cell reselection is to select the cell with the highest value of C2 as the serving cell. The value of C2 is equal to C1 plus an additional offset parameter. The offset parameter is used to enable the MS to preferentially camp on certain cells or to hinder the MS from camping on certain cells. The purpose is to balance the traffic volume. PI (Cell Reselect Parameters Indication) notifies the MS whether to use C2 as the parameter of cell reselection and whether associated parameters in the C2 formula exist. The parameters in the C2 formula are as follows (except C1):
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CRO: an offset applied to the C2 reselection criterion. TO (Cell Reselect Temporary Offset): a temporary offset to the C2 reselection criterion. This offset is valid only for a certain duration. The duration is specified by PT. PT: Penalty Time T (Timer): The initial value is zero. When a cell is placed by the MS on the list of six strongest carriers, T is started from zero for the cell with an accuracy of a TDMA frame (about 4.62 ms). When the cell is removed by the MS from the list of six strongest carriers, T for the cell is reset.
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PI and associated parameters in the C2 formula can be read from system information type 4, 7, and 8. ACS notifies the MS of the place to extract associated parameters for cell reselection.
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If the MS finds that the value of C2 for a neighbor cell (being in the same location area as the serving cell) exceeds the value of C2 for the serving cell for a period of 5 seconds, the MS initiates a cell reselection and camps on the neighbor cell. If the MS finds that the value of C2 for a neighbor cell (being in a different location area) exceeds the value of C2 for the serving cell by at least CELL_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS dB as defined by the BCCH data from the current serving cell, for a period of 5 seconds, the MS initiates a cell reselection and camps on the neighbor cell.
Cell reselection caused by C2 does not take place if there is a cell reselection within the previous 15 seconds.
Parameter Reconfiguration for Cell Reselection

To ensure the network performance, you need to reconfigure certain parameters for cell reselection based on the practical application.

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For a cell with high traffic volume or with low service quality, try to prevent the MSs from camping on the cell. In this case, set PT to 31. Accordingly, the value of C2 for the cell is reduced, making it more difficult for an MS to access the cell. In addition, properly set CRO. When CRO increases, it becomes more difficult for an MS to access the cell. For a cell with small traffic volume or with low equipment utilization ratio, try to enable the MS to camp on the cell. In this case, set CRO to a value from 0 dB to 20 dB. Properly set CRO. The greater the CRO is, it becomes more easy for an MS to access the cell. Set TO to be equal to or slightly greater than CRO. Set PT to 20 seconds or 40 seconds. For a cell with medium traffic volume, set CRO to 0 and therefore C2 is equal to C1. No offset is applied to C2.
NOTE
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The value of the CRO should always be less than 25 dB to avoid any uncertainties to the network. The parameter configuration is cell-specific. The character of C2, however, is closely associated with neighbor cells. Therefore, the relation between the serving cell and neighbor cells must be considered for parameter configuration.
5.3.7 Traffic Guiding Strategy

This describes the traffic guiding strategy of the multiband network. To meet the increasingly high requirements on capacity and quality of the multiband network, the DCS1800 band is required to absorb or share the traffic volume at a maximum extent. The principles of the traffic guiding strategy are as follows:
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In initial stage of network construction, the DCS1800 cells should absorb the traffic volume as much as possible. In hot spots of the DCS1800 network, continuous coverage should be implemented. When the number of multiband users reaches a certain level, every band should share the burden of traffic volume to reduce handovers.
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The operator can use different traffic control strategies by adjusting related parameters in real time. The traffic control strategy also depends on the state of the MS.
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While in idle mode, an MS implements the cell selection and cell reselection procedures. When these procedures are performed, system parameters can be set to make a DCS1800 cell have a higher priority or a better comparison value of the neighbor cell measurement. Therefore, the DCS1800 cell tends to be the serving cell of multiband users, and the MS camps on the DCS1800 cell before the call establishment procedure. While an MS is in a call establishment procedure, the traffic volume assignment can be adjusted through directed retry. While an MS is in conversation mode, cell layer and cell hierarchy are set to make the traffic volume flow to the DCS1800 cell with low layer and high hierarchy. In additional, multiband traffic handover can be used to balance the traffic load of the cell.
Cell Selection and Reselection

C1 indicates the quality of the radio channel. The greater value of C1 indicates the better channel quality. The reselection criterion C2 is modified deliberately. The value of C2 can be adjusted through CRO. That is, C2 can be calculated based on CRO, TO, and PT. C2 is used for cell reselection to specify the target service cell. By configuring related parameters such as CRO, you can make the C2 of the DCS1800 cell greater than that of the GSM900 cell. Therefore, even
5 Multiband Network
if the signal strength of the DCS1800 cell is weaker than that of the GSM900 cell, the MS can still camp on the DCS1800 cell through parameter configuration. Based on the requirements on network planning, the parameters related to cell selection and reselection can be configured properly to enable the MS to camp on a DCS1800 cell and to process a call with good network quality. Thus, the traffic volume burden of the GSM900 cells can be relieved.
5.3.8 Enhanced Dual-Band Network

This describes the enhanced dual-band network that is an improvement on the existing dualband network. In the enhanced dual-band network, two co-sited cells with different coverage areas are logically formed into a cell group. One is an overlaid subcell and the other is an underlaid subcell. The enhanced dual-band network algorithm enables the channel resource sharing and the cell load balance between the two cells in a cell group. The handover decision for the overlaid subcell and the underlaid subcell in the cell group is based on the MR. Figure 5-5 shows the structure of a cell group in the enhanced dual-band network. Figure 5-5 Enhanced dual-band cell group
Cell group Cell A Overlaid subcell Cell A Overlaid subcell Cell B Underlaid subcell Distance Cell B Underlaid subcell
Cell group
Optimized Assignment for Access

In the case of the MS access to the underlaid subcell, the BSC determines whether the RX level of the MS is equal to or higher than the overlaid subcell level when the underlaid subcell load is higher than En Iuo Out Cell General OverLoad Thred. If the RX level of the MS is equal to or higher than the overlaid subcell level and if the overlaid subcell load does not overflow, the BSC assigns to the MS the channel in the overlaid subcell and hands over the MS to the overlaid subcell through a directed retry procedure. Otherwise, the MS is assigned with the channel in the underlaid subcell.
l
If the congestion occurs in the underlaid subcell, the queuing and preemption procedures are performed. If the MS still cannot be assigned with a channel, the MS performs a cell reselection.
In the case of the MS access to the overlaid subcell, the BSC preferentially assigns to the MS the channel in the underlaid subcell when the underlaid subcell load is lower than En Iuo Out Cell Low Load Thred. Otherwise, the MS is assigned with the channel in the overlaid subcell.

l
5 Multiband Network
If the congestion occurs in the overlaid subcell, the queuing and preemption procedures are performed. If the MS still cannot be assigned with a channel, the MS performs a cell reselection.
Handover due to High Underlaid Subcell Load

When the underlaid subcell load is higher than En Iuo Out Cell General OverLoad Thred, a certain number of users should be handed over to the overlaid subcell for the load balance. Thus, the cell capacity is maximized. The MSs near the BTS are preferentially handed over to the overlaid subcell to suppress the overlaid inter-cell interference. This is also to minimize the occurrences of handovers from the overlaid subcell to the underlaid subcell due to the movement of users.
Handover due to Low Underlaid Subcell Load

When the underlaid subcell load is lower than Out Cell Low Load Thred, the MSs far away from the BTS should be handed over to the underlaid subcell to improve the channel utilization in the underlaid subcell and to suppress the interference of the overlaid subcell to other cells.
Call Movement Handover in the Overlaid Subcell

For the call on the edge of the overlaid subcell, a call drop tends to occur if the handover is not performed on the MS. Call movement handover enables the MS to be handed over to the best candidate cell (ranked first in the BA table) that is not necessarily the underlaid subcell in the cell group.
5.4 Implementation
This describes how to configure, verify, and deactivate the multiband network. 5.4.1 Configuring the Multiband Network This describes how to configure the multiband network on the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal. 5.4.2 Verifying the Multiband Network This describes how to verify the multiband network. You can check whether a call uses the multiband function. 5.4.3 Deactivating the Multiband Network This describes how to deactivate the multiband network on the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal. 5.4.4 Configuring the Enhanced Dual-Band Network This describes how to configure the enhanced dual-band network on the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal.
5.4.1 Configuring the Multiband Network

This describes how to configure the multiband network on the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal.
5 Multiband Network
Prerequisite
The TRXs configured for the BTS support corresponding frequency bands.
Procedure
Step 1 Add a cell. 1. On the Management Tree tab page of the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, rightclick the target site and then choose Add Cell on the shortcut menu. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 5-6.
Figure 5-6 Adding Cells dialog box
2.
Select the target site in the Cell view area, and then click Add Cell. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 5-7.
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Figure 5-7 Add New Cell dialog box
NOTE
The cell bands supported by Huawei BSC are GSM900, DCS1800, GSM900 & DCS1800, PCS1900, and GSM850. The P-GSM900 band, E-GSM900 band, and R-GSM900 band are referred to as the GSM900 band.
3. 1.
Select a proper frequency band for the new cell. Click OK in Figure 5-7 to return to the previous dialog box, as shown in Figure 5-8.
Step 2 Configure the cell attributes.
Figure 5-8 Adding Cells dialog box (1)
2.
Select the new cell in the Cell view area, and then click Next. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 5-9.
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Figure 5-9 Adding Cells dialog box (2)
3.
Click Set Cell Attributes. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 5-10.
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Figure 5-10 Set Cell Attributes dialog box
4. 5.
Set Cell Layer and Cell Priority. Click Freq Config. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 5-11.
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Figure 5-11 Set Cell Frequency dialog box (1)
6.
Select proper frequencies for the new cell. See Figure 5-12.
Figure 5-12 Set Cell Frequency dialog box (2)
7. 8.
Click OK to return to the dialog box shown in Figure 5-10. Click TRX Config. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 5-13.
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Figure 5-13 Configure TRX Attributes dialog box (1)
9.
Click the Frequency Attributes tab, and then double-click the frequency in the Available Frequencies area to add the frequency to the Assigned Frequencies area. See Figure 5-14.
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5 Multiband Network
Figure 5-14 Configure TRX Attributes dialog box (2)
10. Click OK. The frequency assignment is complete, and a previous dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 5-10. Step 3 Set parameters related to the multiband network. 1. Click Idle Mode in Figure 5-10. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 5-15.
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Figure 5-15 Set Idle Parameter dialog box (1)
2.
Click Advanced. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 5-16.
Figure 5-16 Set Idle Parameter dialog box (2)
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3. 4. 5.
In Figure 5-16, set the parameters such as Cell Bar Access, Cell Bar Qualify, CRH, PI, NCC Permitted, CRO (2dB), ACS, TO, and PT(s). Click OK to return to the dialog box shown in Figure 5-10. Click Call Control in Figure 5-10. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 5-17. Figure 5-17 Set Call Control Parameter dialog box
6. 7. 8.
Set ECSC and MBR in Figure 5-17. Click OK to return to the dialog box shown in Figure 5-10. Click Handover Data in Figure 5-10. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 5-18.
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Figure 5-18 Set Handover Parameter dialog box
9.
Set the handover parameters related to the multiband network in Figure 5-18.
10. After the parameters are set, click OK to return to the dialog box shown in Figure 5-10. Step 4 Click OK in Figure 5-10 to return to the dialog box shown in Figure 5-9. Step 5 Click Finish. The configuration is complete. ----End
Example
To configure a BTS312 covering the GSM900 band, DCS1800 band, GSM900/DCS1800 band, and GSM850 band, do as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. Configure the BTS312. The BTS software version must be G3BTS32V302R002C05SP01 or later official release. Configure the cell using the GSM900 band. Set Cell Layer to 4, Cell Priority to 1, and TRX to RTRX. Keep cell attributes parameters as default values. Configure the cell using the GSM850 band. Set Cell Layer to 3, Cell Priority to 1, and TRX to TRX. Keep cell attributes parameters as default values. Configure the cell using the GSM900/DCS1800 band. Set Cell Layer to 2, Cell Priority to 1, and TRX to TRX. Keep cell attributes parameters as default values.
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5.
Configure the cell using the DCS1800 band. Set Cell Layer to 1, Cell Priority to 1, and TRX to DTRX. Keep cell attributes parameters as default values.
5.4.2 Verifying the Multiband Network

This describes how to verify the multiband network. You can check whether a call uses the multiband function.
Procedure
Step 1 Use an MS (supporting the GSM900 band, DCS1800 band, GSM900/DCS1800 band, and GSM850 band) to perform dialing tests, moving around within the coverage area of the BTS. Step 2 Check the serving cells and call accesses of the MS in different coverage area of the BTS. ----End
5.4.3 Deactivating the Multiband Network

This describes how to deactivate the multiband network on the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal.
Context
To adjust the frequency bands supported by a cell, you need to delete the cell, and then configure new frequency bands and network parameters based on requirements.
Procedure
Step 1 Delete the existing cell. 1. On the Management Tree tab page of the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, rightclick the target cell, and then choose Delete Cell on the shortcut menu. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 5-19.
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Figure 5-19 Deleting Cells dialog box (1)
2.
Double-click the target cell in the Cell view area to add the cell to the Cells to be deleted area, as shown in Figure 5-20.
Figure 5-20 Deleting Cells dialog box (2)
3.
Click Finish. The deletion is complete.
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Step 2 Add a cell and configure parameters related to the new cell. For details, refer to 5.4.1 Configuring the Multiband Network. ----End
5.4.4 Configuring the Enhanced Dual-Band Network

This describes how to configure the enhanced dual-band network on the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal.
Context
The procedure for configuring the enhanced dual-band network is the same as that for 5.4.1 Configuring the Multiband Network.
Procedure
Step 1 Configure the enhanced dual-band cell. When you configure the cell attributes, set Cell Type to Enhance Dual Band cell, as shown in Figure 5-21.
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Figure 5-21 Configuring cells attributes
Step 2 Configure the handover data for the enhanced dual-band network. Click Handover Data as shown in Figure 5-21. A dialog box is displayed. Click Advanced and then select the Enhance dual band data tab to configure the handover data, as shown in Figure 5-22.
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Figure 5-22 Configuring data for the enhanced dual-band network
----End
5.5 Maintenance Information

This lists the alarms and performance counters related to the multiband network.
Alarms
Table 5-6 lists the alarms related to the multiband network. Table 5-6 Alarms related to the multiband network Alarm ID 2180 2302 2586 3580 4168 5314 Alarm Name TRX Band Mismatch ARFCN CDU Band Mismatch ARFCN Alarm PBU Band Mismatch ARFCN Alarm DRU Band Mismatch ARFCN Alarm ARFCN TRX Type Mismatch CDU Band Mismatch ARFCN Alarm
Counters
Table 5-7, Table 5-8, Table 5-9, and Table 5-10 list the performance counters related to the multiband network.
5 Multiband Network
Table 5-7 Incoming internal inter-cell handover measurement per cell Counter H3200Y H3200Z H3209Y H3209Z H3210Y H3210Z H3217Y H3217Z H3220Y H3220Z H3229Y H3229Z Description Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests (SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900) Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests (SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850) Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests (TCH) (900/850-1800/1900) Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests (TCH) (1800/1900-900/850) Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Responses (SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900) Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Responses (SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850) Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Responses (TCHF) (900/850-1800/1900) Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Responses (TCHF) (1800/1900-900/850) (Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900) (Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850) (Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (TCH) (900/850-1800/1900) (Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (TCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
Table 5-8 Outgoing internal inter-cell handover measurement per cell Counter H3101Y H3101Z H3111Y H3111Z Description Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests (Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900) Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests (Directed Retry) (1800/1900-900/850) Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands (Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900) Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands (Directed Retry) (1800/1900-900/850)
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Counter H3121Y H3121Z
Description Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900) Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (Directed Retry) (1800/1900-900/850)
Table 5-9 Incoming external inter-cell handover measurement per cell Counter H3400Y H3400Z H3409Y H3409Z H3410Y H3410Z H3417Y H3417Z H3418Y H3418Z H3420Y H3420Z H3429Y H3429Z Description Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests (SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900) Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests (SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850) Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests (TCH) (900/850-1800/1900) Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests (TCH) (1800/1900-900/850) Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Responses (SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900) Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Responses (SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850) Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Responses (TCHF) (900/850-1800/1900) Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Responses (TCHF) (1800/1900-900/850) Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Responses (TCHH) (900/850-1800/1900) Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Responses (TCHH) (1800/1900-900/850) Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900) Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850) Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (TCH) (900/850-1800/1900) Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (TCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
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Table 5-10 Outgoing external inter-cell handover measurement per cell and dual-band handover measurement per cell Counter H3301Y H3301Z H3311Y H3311Z H3321Y H3321Z K3170 K3173 Description Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests (Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900) Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests (Directed Retry) (1800/1900-900/850) Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands (Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900) Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands (Directed Retry) (1800/1900-900/850) Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900) Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (Directed Retry) (1800/1900-900/850) Dual-Band Handover Requests Successful Dual-Band Handovers
5.6 References
l
GSM 04.08: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) ; Mobile radio interface layer 3 specification"
GSM 05.05 (prETS 300 577) "Radio transmission and reception" GSM 05.08 (prETS 300 578): "Radio subsystem link control"
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01-05 Multiband Network - 900-1800mHZ

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HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Full Spelling Broadcast Control Channel BCCH Allocation Classmark

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Acronyms and Abbreviations ECSC MBR CBQ CBA CDU PBU

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Product Other BTS types

5.3 Technical Description

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

5.3.1 Frequency Band Segmentation

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Uplink Frequency 18501910 MHz

Fl(n) = 824.2 + 0.2 x (n 128) 824849 MHz

Fl(n) = 450.6 + 0.2 x (n 259) 450.4457.6 MHz

Fl(n) = 479 + 0.2 x (n 306) 478.8486 MHz

5.3.2 Frequency Assignment for TRXs

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

TRX PETR EETR RETR

Range of ARFCN 512 n 810 128 n 251 0 n 124 955 n 1023

5.3.3 Multiband Channel Assignment

Channel Assignment Algorithm II

Channel Assignment Strategy

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

... ... ... ...

... ... ... ...

5.3.4 Frequency Band Features

Propagation Features of 1800 MHz Band

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Coverage Requirements for 1800 MHz Band

Coverage Mode of 1800 MHz Band

Complete continuous coverage The features of complete continuous coverage are:

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

5.3.5 Multiband Network Topology

Independent MSC Networking

BTS MS BTS OMC EIR BSC MSC/VLR

BTS MS BTS BSC MSC/VLR

The features of independent MSC networking mode are as follows:

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Co-MSC/Independent BSC Networking

BTS MS BTS OMC MSC/VLR SMC HLR/AUC EIR BSC

BTS MS BTS BSC

The features of Co-MSC/independent BSC networking mode are as follows:

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

BTS OMC MSC/VLR SMC BTS MS BTS BSC HLR/AUC EIR

The features of Co-BSC networking mode are as follows:

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

5.3.6 Technical Principles

BCCH Allocation Table

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

System Information Support to Multiband Network

Early Classmark Sending Control (ECSC)

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

C1 is defined by the formula: .

Generally, the settings of cell selection are as follows:

GSM900 cell: CBQ = 1, CBA = 0. DCS1800 cell: CBQ = 0, CBA = 0.

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

If PT < 31, C2 = C1 + CRO TO x H (PT T) If PT = 31 (all 1s), C2 = C1 CRO