1.

0 ISSUES FOUND IN THE CASE Based on the case Aman and Cikgu Ina, we found out one problematic student named Aman who causes some issues in the classroom. First, he threatens and disrespects the teacher. When teacher Ina scolded him for his bad attitude, he refused to follow the teachers instruction and even threaten the teacher, for evidence he said that, If you want to teach, teach! Dont have to scream at me, dont find trouble with me! Second, Aman is an attention seeker because he wants to grab the teachers and other students attention. This is due to his personal problem in which he had been isolated by his father and he did not get enough love from his family members. The last issue is Amans ambition as an along in the future. He wants to be an along and he even justifies that nothing wrong to be an along to the teacher. Thus, the issues in the case study are, 1) 2) 3) threaten and disrespects the teacher, attention seeker and Amans ambition as an along.

2.0 MODELS OF DISCIPLINE & THEORY OF LEARNING The above case of Aman and Cikgu Ina can be related with Canters, Dreikus and Glassers models of discipline together with behaviorist and humanist learning theory. The first issue in this case is, threatens and disrespects the teacher. This issue relates with Canters model of Assertive Discipline. In this model, Canter suggests that a teacher should be assertive (firm) in order to control the class but the teacher in this case, teacher Ina is not assertive whereas, she is being permissive with the students (Aman) attitude, for evidence, she stays quiet and continue the lesson without bothering Amans attitude in the class. Teacher Ina did not use any kind of assertive responses when communicating with Aman but being more permissive with him. Besides that, this issue is also related with the behaviorist theory proposed by Skinner in his Operant conditioning (response-stimuli). Skinner suggests that, a teacher should provide reinforcement (response) in classroom in order to get the feedback (stimulus) from the students. In this case, teacher Ina fails to implement the reinforcement in the

classroom in which she did not set or maintain any classroom rules and regulations and this causes Aman to behave irrespectively towards her. The second issue in this case is, Aman being an attention seeker because he wants to grab the teachers and other students attention by not sitting quietly in the class and disturbing his friends. According to Drekurs model of Logical Consequences, he said that all students need appreciation and if they fail to achieve the appreciation then their behavior falls into four mistaken goals that are, seeking attention, gaining power, taking revenge and displaying inadequacy. Aman, in this case lack of appreciation (love) from his parents and this situation makes him to develop the characteristic of seeking attention from others because he wants to feel the appreciation (love) that he needs in his life. Besides that, according to Maslows hierarchy of needs in Humanist learning theory, love is one of the basic needs in the stage of social needs and it should be acquired by every student to achieve equilibrium in their life but, in Amans case he did not acquire his needs of love from his parents, so now he is seeking love from others. Infact, the third issue in this case that is, Amans ambition as an along is also related to the Drekurs Logical Consequences and Maslows hierarchy of needs. In our opinion, Aman wants to become an along because he wants to gain power through this profession and the behavior of gaining power is one of the mistaken behaviors of students when they fail to gain the appreciations according to Drekurs. Besides that, this behavior is also one of the Maslows hierarchy of needs in which, Aman will feel secure and safety when he has the power in him as people will scared of him when he become an along. Furthermore, Glassers model of Rational Choices is also related with these second and third issues, in which this model propose that inappropriate behavior happens when the students basic needs for loving, power, fun and freedom is not achieved. In another word, Aman behavior of being an attention seeker and wants to become an along are due to the failure to meet his basic needs for love and power in his life. 3.0 STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME THE ISSUE For the first issue, Aman is being rude, threatens and disrespects the teacher. According to the Canters model of Assertive Discipline, teacher plays vital role in managing classroom where she has to be assertive towards students (Aman) attitude. There are some strategies to overcome the misbehavior in a classroom.

The teacher must consistently identify expectation clearly by willing to say I like that or I dont like that. In this case, Cikgu Ina should state her expectation when Aman does not want to focus in the class. For instance, I like when my student get ready before I start my class or I dont like when my student does other work during my lesson. This is important because if the teacher only expect good behavior without using words, the student would not know whether his behavior pleases the teacher or not. To ensure that the misbehavior problem would not happen again, the teacher must also clearly state the rules and routines in the class and maintain it. For example, if Cikgu Ina wants all of her students to focus during her lesson, then the rules should be, All of the students should not talk about other things during the lesson, or Put aside unrelated things from the table. If the rules are set, automatically all of the students feel responsibility toward it and try on not to break the rule. If the rules are followed, then the teaching and learning process would not be disturbed. Aman is being rude to the teacher. He does not show respect to her. In this context, according to Canter, Cikgu Ina should use firm tone of voice in telling that she has the right to expect appropriate behavior from Aman. For example, Please show some respect, dont overboard it. Aman should know that he must respect Cikgu Ina. If he is not satisfied on something, talk nicely rather than raising his voice. The issue can also be solved if Cikgu Ina uses the reinforcement which are social and activity reinforcements suggested by Skinners model of shaping desired behavior. For instance, if Aman follows her instruction, she can say verbally, Wow, youre doing a great job or Nice one! Keep it up, while in the aspect of nonverbal, Cikgu Ina can smile, nods and do thumbs up for every good deeds. All of these words and body language can motivate him in to show good behavior because he feels appreciated and acknowledged for the work that he has done. This is according to Dreikurs Logical Consequences in which appreciation and recognition will lead to good behavior. The second and third issues are attention seeker and Amans ambition as an along. The main points are, Aman wants to acquire love and power (appreciation) in his life. According to Dreikurs, he suggested that the teacher must establish a good relationship with the individual based on trust and mutual respect. Cikgu Ina must do confrontation with Aman. Forcing is the last way when persuading is no longer effective. Ask Aman if he has any problem. The student at his age does betray and loves to challenge themselves. Try to use psychology way instead of attacking him with harsh word. Then Aman will put trust on the teacher by telling her the problem. This is because when the teacher takes care of him, he will feel appreciated. This strategy tally to the Dreikurs model, in which when one gains appreciation; he will behave in the

classroom. If the problem cannot be solved by the teacher, then seek help from the parent and counselors. Aman is being isolated by his father and no one there to support him. Giving advice and comfort him are the simplest ways but yet worthy as it giving him moral support to live as a normal person. Tell him the consequences of his behavior in which he can be left behind if he does not focus in the classroom. According to Glasser, when his needs for love and power are achieve, then misbehavior will not happen. This is also according to Maslows hierarchy of needs in Humanist theory of learning. Furthermore, Cikgu Ina must avoid on not trying to support his ambition to become an along, by taking other people as an example. For instance, policeman is also a kind man because he keeps the country safe and makes us feel secured to move freely. When he had done good job, he will be appreciated by people and country. In conclusion, the issues found in the case can be solved in various strategies but we think that, all these depend on the ability of the teacher in managing her classroom. As for us, a good teacher teaches but an excellent educator learns. Every teacher should be an excellent educator by learning how to manage their classroom well before teaching.

Models of Discipline - TeacherMatterswww.teachermatters.com

DEVELOPING A DISCIPLINE PLAN FOR YOU www.kean.edu

The Positive Discipline Modelwww.metu.edu.

Learning Theorieswww.learning-theories.com

learning theory - models, product and processwww.infed.org/biblio/b-learn.htm

Learning Theories: A to Z By David C. Leonard, united states of America, 2002, Greenword Press

A New Model of School Discipline : Engaging Students and Preventing Behavior problems By David R. Dupper, Oxford University Press 2008, united states of America Buku kajian kes