INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET (IPA)

VOWELS DIPHTHONGS CONSONANTS

The Sounds of English Vowels: i: i I e Q O: U u u: V 3: Diphthongs: eI U aI aU OI I

{ e

A: U

Semivowels: j w Consonants: p b t d k g m n N l r f v T D s z S Z tS dZ h

Voiced sounds: all vowels, diphthongs, semivowels, and the following consonants:
b d g m n N t l k r f v T D s z S Z h dZ tS

Voiceless sounds: p

VOWELS
i: tree see even sea field seize machine

i really city India Mary valley happier react appreciate i I it fit king symbol become useless village women e pen red head breath

{ glad bag cat black

A: far part garden half calm cant Q not dog sorry cough class aunt laugh

want what

O: U

saw put

lawn full who

author nor course bought book could to

short

board foot

look good woman

u you u: rule

(in unstressed position) who

blue music too food do move juice fruit soup shoe

up cut run other country

among young

come flood

front does

3:

bird

shirt

her

stern

fur

turn
courtesy

myrtle

earn

heard work

journey

along

attempt
doctor

matter
picture

sister
colour

actor

eI

DIPHTHONGS
make plain day play

U go home post only dont road toast know shoulder though

AI time night fly pie either buy eye AU loud house cow town flower OI I oil noise voice boy

deer dear ear beard here weird pierce fierce idea

e pair fair bear spare there their

U sure cure poor curious tour truant fluency

SEMIVOWELS j yes young yacht you use unit universe new few value music duty w worth want where away twelve queen quite one once

CONSONANTS p pea pen drop apart open plane b bus bank rub cab submarine black t two talk fit step kitten button little bottle trip true

d duck head adopt made sudden needle dream drive

k king cat call luck kick sky liqueur clear quick queen

g grey go bag big plague pigment glove glass giggle

m map miss immense same ham smell smoke

nut next nasty knit blunt snake done run N sing ring ink think banker uncle bangle

l leave left fly clever plot silly slack alone built called milk also r rat rest wreck proud spread cry grand bring grand fry through

f feast fool Philip

philosopher offer left

v vice vote revenge slave drive T thirst three method author bath cloth

D the this that those father mother with smooth bathe s seat sit circle cease goose glass z zoo zebra amaze buzz to close please revise is S shoe sheep push cushion machine champagne pressure delicious ocean Z pleasure treasure occasion vision rouge garage beige

tS cheese church catch which butcher adventure picture question

dZ just judge edge gem giant page religion George

h hear hit hen behind perhaps who whole

Articulatory Phonetics:THE ORGANS OF SPEECH

The following are the elements we should consider to produce our speech sounds:

ARTICULATORY PHONETICS: resonators

The human speech mechanism has three resonators (hollow spaces containing air): pharynx (can change its shape slightly); nasal cavity (constant in shape and size) and oral cavity (extremely variable).
Pharynx: at the top of the larynx communicating both cavities.

Articulators
All situated in or surrounding oral cavity: tongue, palate, teeth and lips. Active articulators (capable of movement) Passive articulators (incapable of movement)
Palate (separates mouth from nasal cavity. Divided into a- alveolar or teeth ridge b- hard palate c- soft palate or velum

Articulators: the tongue The most agile speech organ made of muscle

Articulators

THE LARYNX

References
CRUTTENDEN, ALAN. Gimsons Pronunciation of English. 5th Ed. London: Arnold, 1994. Captulos 1 y 6. FINCH, D. & Hctor ORTIZ LIRA, A course in English Phonetics for Spanish Speakers, London, Heinemann, 1982. Captulos 1, 4. GIEGERICH, Heinz, English Phonology, Cambridge, 1995. Captulo 2. HANCOCK, Mark (2003). Pornunciation In Use. Intermediate. Cambridge: CUP. JAMES, L. & O. Smith (2007). Get Rid of Your Accent. 3rd ed. Business & Technical Com. Services. JONES, D. J. English Pronouncing Dictionary. 15th Ed. Edited by Peter Roach & J. Hartman. Cambridge: CUP, 1997. MAIDMENT, J. 2006. Speech Internet Dictionary. http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/johnm/sid/sidhome.htm