1.

................................................................................................................................................................ 3

2.

............................................................................................................................................................... 3

................................................................................................................................. 4

4 .............................................................................................................................................................. 5
5 ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
6 ................................................................................................................................... 8
7 ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
8 - .................................................................................................................. 9
9 ............................................................................................................................................................... 9

1.

2.

.

1 ) .
2 )
3 ) - ,


.

( 1) .

.
(
)
,
( ) .
Hooke =
G ,
Pa G 75-85 GPa .
H G :

= (+)

2 :
= (1)

()

(3)

r , ( =

( =

) ,

(1)&(2) : =

) ,

(4) , ,

: = () => =

G ( = ), ,

rad .

L :

(4)^(6) : =

) (6)

G . 1
G : / i (rad) (Nm) Gi= (/m2)

2
- ( =f() )

3


.
,



.

= = = =

i ()

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56

4
6
10
17
25
30
37
45
50
55
60
63
67
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
125
135
150
160
180
200
220
250
275
300
330
400
440
470
500
540
600
650
730
800
860
900
940
1000
1100
1230
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1830

i (rad)

3.14
180

0.0698
0.1047
0.1744
0.2966
0.4361
0.5233
0.6454
0.7850
0.8722
0.9594
10.467
10.990
11.688
12.211
13.083
13.956
14.828
15.700
16.572
17.444
18.317
19.189
20.061
21.806
23.550
26.167
27.911
31.400
34.889
38.378
43.611
47.972
52.333
57.567
69.778
76.756
81.989
87.222
94.200
104.667
113.389
127.344
139.556
150.022
157.000
163.978
174.444
191.889
214.567
226.778
244.222
261.667
279.111
296.556
314.000

(Nm)
0.09
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.25
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.33

i
( )

i (rad)

3.14

180

0.0698

(Nm)

0.1047

0.11

10

0.1744

0.11

17

0.2966

0.12

25

0.4361

0.12

30

0.5233

0.12

37

0.6454

0.13

45

0.7850

0.15

50

0.8722

0.15

10

55

0.9594

0.15

11

60

10.467

0.16

12

63

10.990

0.16

13

67

11.688

0.16

14

70

12.211

0.17

15
16

75
80

13.083
13.956

0.17
0.17

17

85

14.828

0.18

18

90

15.700

0.18

19

95

16.572

0.18

20

100

17.444

0.18

21

105

18.317

0.18

22

110

19.189

0.18

23

115

20.061

0.19

24

125

21.806

0.19

25

135

23.550

0.2

26

150

26.167

0.2

27

160

27.911

0.19

28

180

31.400

0.2

29

200

34.889

0.21

30

220

38.378

0.23

31

250

43.611

0.24

32

275

47.972

0.24

33

300

52.333

0.25

34

330

57.567

0.25

35

400

69.778

0.25

36

440

76.756

0.26

37

470

81.989

0.26

38

500

87.222

0.26

39

540

94.200

0.26

40

600

104.667

0.27

41

650

113.389

0.27

42

730

127.344

0.28

G i =

0.09

191405104 2

55

Gi=

104 (/m )

50696
41308
24799
15907
10819
09016
07920
07513
06762
06147
00601
00572
00538
00547
00511
00479
00477
00451
00427
00406
00386
00369
00372
00343
00334
00301
00268
00250
00237
00236
00216
00197
00188
00171
00141
00133
00125
00117
00109
00101
00094
00086

i ( )

i (rad)

3.14

180

(Nm)

43

800

139.556

0.28

44

860

150.022

0.25

45

900

157.000

0.25

46

940

163.978

0.27

47

1000

174.444

0.29

48

1100

191.889

0.3

49

1230

214.567

0.3

50

1300

226.778

0.31

51

1400

244.222

0.31

52

1500

261.667

0.31

53

1600

279.111

0.32

54

1700

296.556

0.33

55

1800

314.000

0.33

=3480 104 2

Gi=

104
2

(/m )

00079
00066
00063
00065
00065
00061
00055
00054
00050
00047
00045
00044
00041

191405

2
/
1

0.0042
0.0063
0.0105
0.0178
0.0262
0.0314
0.0387
0.0471
0.0523
0.0576
0.6280
0.6594
0.7013
0.7327
0.7850
0.8374
0.8897
0.9420
0.9943
1.0466
1.0990
1.1513
1.2037
1.3084
1.4130
1.5700
1.6747
1.8840

2123100
2595000
2595000
2830900
2830900
2830900
3066800
3538600
3538600
3538600
3774500
3774500
3774500
4010400
4010400
4010400
4246300
4246300
4246300
4246300
4246300
4246300
4482200
4482200
4718100
4718100
4482200
4718100

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

/
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55

4954000
5425800
5661700
5661700
5897600
5897600
5897600
6133500
6133500
6133500
6133500
6369400
6369400
6605300
6605300
5897600
5897600
6369400
6841200
7077100
7077100
7313000
7313000
7313000
7549000
7784900
7784900

2.0933
2.3027
2.6167
2.8783
3.1400
3.4540
4.1867
4.6054
4.9193
5.2333
5.6520
6.2800
6.8033
7.6406
8.3734
9.0013
9.4200
9.8387
10.4666
11.5133
12.8740
13.6067
14.6533
15.7000
16.7467
17.7934
18.8400

=f() .
4 . G
:

2123100
2595000
2595000
2830900

2
3
4

Gi=

13.2358
4

0.0042
0.0063
0.0105
0.0178

Gi= 108 2
5.0550
4.1190
2.4714
1.5904
13.2358

= 0.30895 108 2 = 3089.5 104 2

6
=f()
6

x 10

10

12

14

16

18

x 10
3.8

3.6

3.4

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.2

2
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

20

, G 2
1 11.2%
(34803309) 10
348010

2 100%

4.91%

8 -

.
,

9
, , : SPIN

- ,