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ME 200 Home HVAC Design Project

Massachusetts

Chris Felder and Brandon Williams

Spring 2013

Abstract
In this report we have designed a heating and cooling system for a typical single family residence based on a control volume analysis of the energy balance of the home. The energy analysis has been done for average and extreme summer and winter conditions in Massachusetts. Included is a comparison of a dual-purpose heat pump/air conditioning system against a gas furnace/central air conditioning system.

Introduction
The purpose of this project is to design the heating and cooling system for a typical single-family residence in Massachusetts, based on a control volume analysis of the energy balance. In able to perform this analysis, we are required to take into consideration all energy changes that are acting on the system. In addition, we have to use the extreme winter and summer temperatures to ensure that the device we choose for the home is able to perform in all possible conditions. We will perform energy analyses for average temperatures during summer and winter to get a more accurate depiction of the conditions in which our device of choice will have to perform. The HVAC market is a worldwide industry that has increasing demands yearly. In order to nd the most ecient choice for our household, we have to evaluate the two most common systems in the market; Dual-purpose heat pump/air conditioner system and a Gas Furnace and central air conditioner. In the United States in particular, the market is driven by residential building and units for houses such as the one we are analyzing may increase in price in the coming years. Due to this growth, it is important that we make a cost-ecient yet logical long-term equipment choice for this residence.

Symbols
Throughout this paper all calculations can be found in the Appendix and data will be described by the following variables: h : Enthalpy m = Mass Flow Rate P: Pressure; 1 atm for our considerations 1 : Total heat transfer rate through walls, windows, roof, and oor (summertime inwards, wintertime Q outwards) per degree temperature dierence; 1200 Btu/hr/ R 2 : Total heat transfer from air changes due to inltration and opening of doors; 0.40/hr Q 3 : Energy consumed for water heating; 0.6 therms/day, 20% of which is transferred to the house air Q 4 : Energy consumption rate for all other purposes (cooking, lighting, appliances, etc.); 30 kWh/day, Q which is transferred to the house air 5 : Energy input rate from human metabolism; 1500 Btu/hr total for all persons combined Q 6 : Net direct solar radiative heat input; 200 Btu/day in summer and 300 Btu/day in winter Q total : Total heat transfer Q R : The Universal gas constant T : Temperature : Volumetric Air Flow Rate V : Power delivered by air conditioning unit W

Method and Design

Our method and design is established entirely as a consequence of the Laws of Thermodynamics. Most importantly, the Clausius Statement of the Second Law: It is impossible for any system to operate in such a way that the sole result would be an energy transfer by heat from a cooler to a hotter body. Included will be a sketch of the energy balance for the home we are working with. This will provide clarity for determining the ow of heat transfers to and from the house.

Energy Analysis Under Extreme Winter Conditions

A temperature of 65 F = 524.67 R is to be maintained inside the house while in extreme winter conditions the outside temperature is 9 F = 468.67 R. 2 , we use linear interpolation from table A-22E from Wileys FundamenIn consideration of calculating Q tals of Engineering Thermodynamics to calculate enthalpy values houtside = 111.976Btu/lb and hinside = 125.388Btu/lb. Which yields 2 = 210.04Btu/hr. Q total = -(Q 1 +Q 2 )+Q 3 +Q 4 +Q 5 +Q 6 . Hence, From the Second Law, we know Q total = 61, 132Btu/hr. Q (4) (3) (2) (1)

Energy Analysis Under Average Winter Conditions

The energy analysis under average winter conditions is the same as extreme conditions except the outside 9) F temperature has been redened as Toutside =9 F + (652 =28 F=487.67 R. Again, in consideration of 2 , we use linear interpolation to nd enthalpy value calculating Q houtside = 116.53Btu/lb Which yields 2 = 138.72Btu/hr. Q total = -(Q 1 +Q 2 )+Q 3 +Q 4 +Q 5 +Q 6 . Hence, Again, as in the extreme winter case, Q total = 26, 261Btu/hr. Q (7) (6) (5)

Energy Analysis Under Extreme Summer Conditions

A temperature of 75 F = 534.67 R is to be maintained inside the house while in extreme summer conditions the outside temperature is 89 F = 548.67 R. 2 we must nd enthalpy values by linear interpolation Similar to the extreme winter case, to calculate Q from the blank blank table (need name and citation of book). That is houtside = 131.14Btu/lb and hinside = 127.78Btu/lb. This gives us 2 = 50.32Btu/hr. Q total = Q 1 +Q 2 +Q 3 +Q 4 +Q 5 +Q 6 . Hence, From the Second Law, in summer conditions Q total = 23, 124Btu/hr Q (11) (10) (9) (8)

Energy Analysis Under Average Summer Conditions

The energy analysis under average winter conditions is the same as extreme conditions except outside F temperature has been redened as Toutside =75 F + (8975) =82 F=541.67 R. Linear interpolation from 2 the blank blank table (need name and citation of book) gives us entropy values houtside = 129.46Btu/lb. Which yields 2 = 210.04Btu/hr. Q total = Q 1 +Q 2 +Q 3 +Q 4 +Q 5 +Q 6 . Hence, Again, from the Second Law, Q total = 14, 883.37Btu/hr Q (14) (13) (12)

Results and Discussion

Here we present our heat transfer results: Heat Transfer Source Outside Temp ( F) Heating/Cooling Hours 1 (Btu/hr) Q 2 (Btu/hr) Q 3 (Btu/hr) Q 4 (Btu/hr) Q 5 (Btu/hr) Q 6 (Btu/hr) Q Qtotal (Btu/hr) Extreme Winter 9 -67200 -210 500 4265 1500 12.5 61132.5 Average Winter 28 2250 -32400 -138.72 500 4265 1500 12.5 26261.22 Extreme Summer 89 16800 50.32 500 4265 1500 8.33 23123.65 Average Summer 82 580 8400 210.04 500 4265 1500 8.33 14883.37

Equipment Choice
After performing energy analyses, we have selected the following equipment based on the extreme climate scenarios providing adequate power delivery: Heat Pump/Air Conditioner System2 Manufacturer Model Refrigerant SEER Tonnage C.O.P. Btu/hr Delivery Unit Price Gas Furnace/Central Air Conditioner3 Manufacturer Model Refrigerant SEER Tonnage C.O.P. Btu/hr Delivery Unit Price Goodman GPD1424070M41 R-410A 14.5 2 ton 3.53 70000 $2889.00

Goodman GKS90703BX R-410A 13 1.5 ton 3.28 70000 $1727.00

Cost
The following includes the annual costs of heating and cooling based on average summer and winter conditions, for each equipment choice: C.O.P. 3.53 3.28 heating W 35479 36185 cooling W 19099 19422 Annual Heating Cost $3275.46 $3340.61 Annual Cooling Cost $1763.30 $1793.10 Total Annual Cost $5038.76 $5133.70

Please see the appendix for calculations.

Recommendation
Our considerations: Total operating cost for Dual Purpose System of $5038.00/year and $2889.00 xed cost Total operating cost for Gas Furnace System of $5133.00/year and $1727.00 xed cost As a result of our analysis, we came to the conclusion that this home, in Massachusetts, would be better suited for a gas furnace and central air conditioning system. By choosing the gas furnace, the home would cost more per year to heat and cool but the money saved on the xed cost of the machinery is greater than the dierence in operating cost. In ten years, one would save $950 in operating cost with the dual purpose system but the xed cost is over $1100 more for this option. Thus, the gas furnace would be the most economical choice for this dwelling.

References
1. Wiley Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics; M. Moran, H. Shapiro, D. Boettner, M. Bailey, Seventh Edition, Page 977 Ideal Gas Properties of Air 2. http://www.nationalairwarehouse.comwholesale-heat-pumpsdual-fuel-package-units2-ton-goodman-145-seer-r-410a-80-afue-70-000-btu-dual-fuel-package-unit.html 3. http://www.nationalairwarehouse.comwholesale-air-conditioners/gas-furnace-split-systems-11-5-tongoodman-13-seer-r-410a-92-1-afue-70-000-btu-vertical-gas-furnace-split-system.html

Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Dr. Kim for a great semester and for his help with this project, specically in understanding air change rate and total heat transfer per degree temperature dierence. We would also like to thank Dr. Johnston in the Butler Mathematics Department and the resources at A http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX for assistance with the L TEXcoding of this document.

Appendix
Calculations
.67460 (1) houtside = 109.9 + ( 468 480460 )(114.69 109.9) = 111.976Btu/lb 524.67520 (2) hinside = 124.27 + ( 537520 )(128.34 124.27) = 125.388Btu/lb 1atm(15000f t3 )(.4hr ) 2 = (3) Q (125.388 111.876)Btu/lb = 210.04Btu/hr 3 .73024f t atm/lbmol R(524.67) R V = (1500f t3 )( .40 ) and R is the Universal 2 = m(h , P=1 atm, V *Q inside houtside ) where m = RTP hr inside Gas Constant. Btu/hr 2 + .2(.6x105 ) Btu + 30 kW h 142.173Btu + 1500 Btu + total = 1200 (524.67 468.67) R Q (4) Q R 24hr day hr hr Btu 300 24 = 61 , 132Btu/hr hr .67480 (5) houtside = 114.69 + ( 487 500480 )(119.48 114.69) = 116.53Btu/lb 3 1atm(15000f t )(.4hr ) 2 = (6) Q (125.388-116.53)Btu/lb=138.72Btu/hr. 3 .73024f t atm/lbmol R(524.67) R Btu/hr total = 1200 2 + .2(.6x105 ) Btu + 30 kW h 142.173Btu + 1500 Btu + (7) Q (524.67 487.67) R Q R 24hr day hr hr Btu 300 24 = 26 , 261Btu/hr hr .67540 (8) houtside = 129.06 + ( 548 560540 )(133.86 129.06) = 131.14Btu/lb 534.67520 (9) hinsde = 124.27 + ( 537520 )(128.34 124.27) = 127.78Btu/lb 1atm(15000f t3 )(.4hr ) 2 = (10) Q (125.388 111.876)Btu/lb = 50.32Btu/hr 3 .73024f t atm/lbmol R(548.67) R PV 2 = m *Q (hinside houtside ) as in the winter case, but m = RToutside total = 1200Btu/hr 2 +.2(.6x105 ) Btu +30 kW h 142.173Btu +1500 Btu +200 Btu = (11) Q (548.67534.67) R+Q R 24hr day hr hr 24hr 23, 124Btu/hr .67540 (12)houtside = 129.06 + ( 541 560540 )(133.86 129.06) = 129.46Btu/lb 3 1 atm (15000 f t )(.4hr ) 2 = (13) Q (127.78 118.68)Btu/lb = 210.04Btu/hr. 3 .73024f t atm/lbmol R(541.67) R

total = 1200Btu/hr 2 +.2(.6x105 ) Btu +30 kW h 142.173Btu +1500 Btu +200 Btu = (14) Q (541.67534.67) R+Q R 24hr day hr hr 24hr 14, 883.37Btu/hr ).02(SEER)2 All SEER converted to C.O.P.= 1.12(SEER3 via http://www.engineeringtoolbox.comcop-eer.41 d 409.html and Cost calculations have been made implicitly through programming, where All W total Q total and Cost is a W multiplied by the seasonal heating or cooling hours and the price W = C.O.P. +Q per energy unit