User Manual - Configuration Guide (Volume 1) Versatile Routing Platform

User Manual - Configuration Guide (Volume 1) Versatile Routing Platform
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Interface Configuration Overview ....................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Interface Overview .................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Interface Configuration.............................................................................................. 1-1 1.2.1 Interface Configuration Mode ........................................................................... 1-1 1.2.2 Set Interface Description.................................................................................. 1-2 1.2.3 Set Time Interval for Flow Control Statistics...................................................... 1-2 1.3 Interface Configuration Method .................................................................................. 1-2 1.4 Interface Monitoring and Maintenance........................................................................ 1-3 Chapter 2 Configuring LAN Interface .................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Ethernet Interface ..................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Ethernet Interface Overview............................................................................. 2-1 2.1.2 Configuring Ethernet Interface.......................................................................... 2-1 2.1.3 Monitoring and Maintenance of Ethernet Interface............................................. 2-4 2.1.4 Typical Ethernet Interface Configuration Example ............................................. 2-4 2.1.5 Fault Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Ethernet Interface................................. 2-5 Chapter 3 Configuring WAN Interface ................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Asynchronous Serial Port .......................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 Asynchronous Serial Ports Overview................................................................ 3-1 3.1.2 Configuring Asynchronous Serial Port .............................................................. 3-1 3.2 AUX Interface........................................................................................................... 3-7 3.2.1 Introduction to AUX Interface ........................................................................... 3-7 3.2.2 AUX Interface Configuration............................................................................. 3-7 3.3 Synchronous Serial Port ............................................................................................ 3-7 3.3.1 Synchronous Serial Ports Overview.................................................................. 3-7 3.3.2 Configuring Synchronous Serial Port ................................................................ 3-8 3.4 ISDN BRI Interface.................................................................................................. 3-13 3.4.1 ISDN BRI Interface Overview......................................................................... 3-13 3.4.2 Configuring ISDN BRI Interface...................................................................... 3-14 3.5 cE1/PRI Interface.................................................................................................... 3-14 3.5.1 cE1/PRI Overview ......................................................................................... 3-14 3.5.2 Configuring cE1/PRI Interface........................................................................ 3-15 3.5.3 Monitoring and Maintenance of cE1/PRI Interface ........................................... 3-19 Chapter 4 Configuring Logic Interface ................................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Dialer Interface ......................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Dialer Interface Overview................................................................................. 4-1 4.1.2 Configuring Dialer Interface.............................................................................. 4-1
Table of Contents
4.2 Sub-Interface............................................................................................................ 4-1 4.2.1 Sub-Interface Overview ................................................................................... 4-1 4.2.2 Configuring Sub-Interface................................................................................ 4-2 4.3 Backup Center Logic Channel.................................................................................... 4-5 4.3.1 Backup Center Logic Channel Overview........................................................... 4-5 4.3.2 Configuring Backup Center Logic Channel........................................................ 4-5 4.4 Virtual-Template and Virtual Interface......................................................................... 4-5 4.4.1 Virtual-Template and Virtual Interface Overview ................................................ 4-5 4.4.2 Configuring Virtual-Template............................................................................ 4-5 4.4.3 Monitoring and Maintenance of Virtual-Template and Virtual Interface................ 4-7 4.4.4 Fault Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Virtual-Template................................... 4-7
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Chapter 1
Interface Configuration Overview
Chapter 1 Interface Configuration Overview

1.1 Interface Overview
The router interface refers to the part through which the router system exchanges data and interacts with other devices in the network. It functions to implement data exchange between the router and other network devices. VRP supports physical interface and logic interface on the router. Physical interface is an interface actually exists and can be supported by corresponding devices, such as the Ethernet interface and synchronous/asynchronous serial port. There are two types of physical interfaces. One is LAN interface, which mainly refers to the Ethernet interface through which the router can exchange data with the network devices in LAN. The other is WAN interface including synchronous/asynchronous serial port, asynchronous serial port, AUX interface, cE1/PRI, ISDN BRI and voice interface, etc. Through the WAN interface, the router can exchange data with the network devices in the external network. Logic interface is an interface doesn t physically exist and needs to be established through configuration, and can also exchange data. Logic interface includes the Dialer interface, sub-interface, backup center logic channel and virtual-template.
1.2 Interface Configuration

1.2.1 Interface Configuration Mode
To facilitate configuration and maintenance of the interface, the interface configuration mode is set in VRP software. Interface commands will be effective only when used in the configuration mode of relevant interfaces.
I. Entering the interface configuration mode.

With interface command in the global configuration mode, you can enter the specified configuration mode of the interface. Table IC-1-1 Enter configuration mode of specified interface
Operation Enter configuration mode of specified interface Command interface interface-type interface-number
Examples: Input interface ethernet 0 in the global configuration mode to enter the configuration mode of Ethernet interface numbered 0. Quidway (config)#interface ethernet 0 Quidway (config-if-Ethernet0)#
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& Note: In VRP, the command to enter E1 interface configuration mode is controller e1, which is different from the command of other interfaces.
II. Exiting the interface configuration mode.

In the interface configuration mode, input exit to return to the global configuration mode.
1.2.2 Set Interface Description

VRP has a configuration item of interface description for routers physical interface. Interface description is mainly used to help identify the usage of interface. Please use this command in interface configuration mode. Table IC-1-2 Set interface description
Operation Set interface description Recover default interface description. Command description interface-description no description
1.2.3 Set Time Interval for Flow Control Statistics

VRP system counts interface flow every interval time and calculates unit flow as the reference for backup center. Other flow control methods (including the dialer threshold command of DDR-MP) need this parameter. This command is used to set the time interval for performing flow statistics on interfaces. It can be used on any interfaces. Perform the following task in global configuration mode. Table IC-1-3 Set interface description
Operation Set interval time for flow control on the interface Command flow-interval interval-time
Interval time is 5 minutes by default.
1.3 Interface Configuration Method

Before configuring an interface, it is necessary to have a clear idea about the networking requirement and networking diagram. Following operations must be implemented at least for the interface configuration. l l If this interface is a physical interface, be clear about the connection state, working mode of the physical interface to be selected and related working parameters. If this interface is a WAN interface, appoint the encapsulated link layer protocol and working parameters that should be abided by for the opposite port connected with this interface.
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l l
Configure network protocol (such as IP) address of this interface. Configure the static route that can reach the destination network via this interface, or configure working parameters of the dynamic route protocol on this interface. l If this interface supports dial, please configure dial mapping, DDR working parameters and management to Modem. l If this interface acts as the main interface or backup interface at the backup center, please configure related working parameters of the backup center. l If the firewall is to be established on this interface, please configure parameters about related message filtering or address conversion. There are lots of parameters to be configured in the interface mode. So, this part will mainly introduce configurations of some parameters special for the physical interface, and briefly introduce the logic interface definition. Configurations about the link layer protocol, network layer protocol, parameter and some special functions (such as dial, backup center, and firewall) will be introduced specially in other parts of this manual and no further details are provided here.
1.4 Interface Monitoring and Maintenance

Please use the following commands in relevant configuration mode. Table IC-1-4 Interface monitoring and maintenance
Operation Show current running state and statistic information of the interface (in any configuration mode) Clear interface statistic information (in privileged user mode) Shut down interface (in interface configuration mode) Restart interface (in interface configuration mode) Command show interface [interface-type interface-number] clear port [interface-type interface-number] shutdown no shutdown
These commands are described respectively as follows: 1) show interface command displays current running state and statistic information of the interface If relevant interface name is not specified, the running states and statistic information of all interfaces will be displayed. That is:
To view information of all interfaces, enter: Quidway#show interface To view information of specific interface, such as Serial 0, enter: Quidway#show interface serial 0 For example: after executing the command show interface serial 0, the following information is displayed:
Serial0 is down, line protocol is down Descript: HUAWEI, Quidway Router, Serial Interface The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500. The keepalive is 10(sec) Internet Address is 10.110.10.15/21 Encapsulation is PPP LCP initial Queueing strategy: FIFO Output queue: (size/max/drops) 0/75/0 Interface is no cable, baudrate is 64000 5 minutes input rate 0 bytes/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minutes output rate 0 bytes/sec, 0 packets/sec 0 packets input, 0 bytes 0 input error 0 packets output, 0 bytes
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0 output error DCD=DOWN DTR=DOWN
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RTS=DOWN CTS=DOWN
DSR=DOWN
The above information includes: l l l l l 2) Physical state and protocol state of the interface. Interface physical features (synchronous/asynchronous, DTE/DCE, clock selection, baud rate and external cable). Interface IP address. Interface-encapsulated link layer protocol, link layer protocol running state and statistic information. Statistic information of input/output message of interface clear port command is used to clear the statistic information of input/output message of the interface. If relevant interface name is not specified, the statistic information of all interfaces will be cleared. shutdown/no shutdown command is used to shut down and restart interface. Sometimes, the modification of interface parameters can not take effect immediately. In this case, the new parameters can not take effect unless the interface is shut down first and then restarted. Automatic output of the interface state information.
3)
4)
When the physical or protocol state of the interface changes, the system will automatically output related prompt information as shown in following table. Table IC-1-5 Interface state information
Interface state information % interface-name is shutdown % interface-name is reset %Interface interface-name changed state to DOWN %Interface interface-name changed state to UP %Line protocol protocol-name on interface interface-name, changed state to DOWN %Line protocol protocol-name on interface interface-name, changed state to UP Meaning The interface is shut down by the user. The interface is restarted by the user. The physical state of the interface is changed to DOWN The physical state of the interface is changed to UP The protocol state of the interface is changed to DOWN The protocol state of the interface is changed to UP
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Configuring LAN Interface
Chapter 2 Configuring LAN Interface

The local area network (LAN) mainly includes Ethernet and Token-Ring network. Currently, Ethernet has become the most important LAN networking technology thanks to its high flexibility, relative simplicity and easy implementation. Presently, VRP-supported LAN interface is Ethernet interface, including conventional Ethernet interface and fast Ethernet interface.
2.1 Ethernet Interface

2.1.1 Ethernet Interface Overview
Ethernet interface of Quidway series router comprises conventional Ethernet interface and fast Ethernet interface. The conventional Ethernet interface complies with 10Base-T physical layer specifications, working at 10Mbit/s and in two modes: full duplex and half duplex. The fast Ethernet interface complies with 100Base-T and also 10Base-T physical layer specifications, working at 10Mbit/s or 100Mbit/s, and in two modes: half duplex and full duplex. With the auto-negotiation capability, it can consult other network devices to determine and automatically select the optimum working mode and rate, thus greatly simplifying the configuration and management of the system. The configuration of conventional Ethernet interface is basically the same as that of fast Ethernet interface. But the former is simpler, and has less configuration items. Therefore, this chapter mainly introduces the configuration of fast Ethernet interface.
2.1.2 Configuring Ethernet Interface

I. Configuration task list of Ethernet interface
l l l l l l l Enter configuration mode of specified Ethernet interface Set network protocol address Set frame format of sending message Set MTU Select working rate of fast Ethernet interface Select working mode of Ethernet interface Enable or disable internal loopback.
The specified Ethernet interface can not be configured unless you enter its configuration mode. It's necessary to configure IP address. For other parameters, it's recommended to use default values, which can ensure the system to work normally in most cases.
II. Entering configuration mode of specified Ethernet interface

Please use the following command in the global configuration mode.
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Table IC-2-1 Enter configuration mode of specified Ethernet interface

Operation Enter configuration mode of specified Ethernet interface Command interface ethernet interface-number
III. Setting network protocol address

VRP supports IP and IPX at Ethernet interface. Therefore, it is necessary to configure IP or IPX network address. Please refer to Network Protocol Configuration part in this manual. Please use the following commands in Ethernet interface configuration mode. Table IC-2-2 Set IP network protocol address
Operation Set IP network protocol address Cancel IP network protocol address Command ip address ip-address ip-mask [secondary] no ip address ip-address ip-mask [secondary]
When an Ethernet interface is configured with two or more IP addresses, use keyword "secondary" to identify them. Table IC-2-3 Set IPX network protocol address
Operation Specify IPX network node value Delete IPX network node value. Specify IPX network number Delete IPX network number Command ipx routing [node] no ipx routing ipx network network-number no ipx network
node value is the MAC address of the first Ethernet interface in the router by default. The ipx routing command and no ipx routing command should be used in global configuration mode.
IV. Setting frame format of sending message

Both Ethernet_ II and Ethernet_ SNAP can support IP and IPX. The Ethernet interface can identify these two formats out of received frame, but can only choose one frame format for the sent frame. Please use the following commands in Ethernet interface configuration mode. Table IC-2-4 Set frame format of sending message
Operation Set frame format of sending message Recover default frame format of sending message Command send-frame-type {Ethernet_II | Ethernet_SNAP} no send-frame-type
The frame format of sending message is Ethernet_II by default.
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V. Setting MTU
Maximum transmission unit (MTU) will influence the fragmentation and reassembling of network message. Please use the following commands in Ethernet interface configuration mode. Table IC-2-5 Set MTU
Operation Set MTU Recover MTU default value mtu ethernet-mtu no mtu Command
Value ranges and default values of MTUs with different link layer encapsulation formats are different. When Ethernet_II frame format is adopted, MTU value range will be 461500 with default value 1500, and when Ethernet_SNAP frame format is adopted, MTU value range will be 46-1492 with default value 1492.
VI. Selecting working rate of fast Ethernet interface

As described before, the fast Ethernet interface can work at rates of 10Mbit/s and 100Mbit/s. Therefore, it is possible to select interface working rate with following command in Ethernet interface configuration mode. Table IC-2-6 Select working rate of fast Ethernet interface
Operation Select working rate of fast Ethernet interface Command speed {auto | 100 | 10}
The default is Auto, i.e. the system automatically chooses an optimum working rate. The user can also specify the interface working rate. But the rate specified must be the same as that of the actually connected network.
VII. Selecting working mode of Ethernet interface

As described above, the Ethernet interface can work in full duplex or half duplex mode. The router Ethernet interface should work in half duplex mode when connected with HUB and in full duplex mode when connected with LANSwitch. Therefore, it is possible to select working mode with the following command in Ethernet interface configuration mode. Table IC-2-7 Select working mode of Ethernet interface
Operation Select working mode of Ethernet interface Command duplex {auto | full | half}
The default is Auto, i.e. the system automatically chooses an optimum working mode.
VIII. Enabling or disabling internal loopback.

When performing special function test to Ethernet interface, it needs to be set as internal loopback sometimes. Therefore, it is possible to enable internal loopback with the following commands in Ethernet interface configuration mode.
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Table IC-2-8 Enable or diable internal sel-loop

Operation Enable internal loopback Enable internal loopback loopback no loopback Command
The default is to disable internal loopback.
2.1.3 Monitoring and Maintenance of Ethernet Interface

The following command can be used to specify the state of Ethernet interface in privileged user mode, so that specified Ethernet interface can be monitored and maintained. Table IC-2-9 Show the state of specified Ethernet interface
Operation Show the state of specified Ethernet interface Command show interface ethernet interface-number
For example: ! Show the state of Ethernet 0 Quidway#show interface ethernet 0 The system displays:
Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is down Hardware address is 00-e0-fc-00-00-00 Auto-Negotiation is enabled, Duplex AUTO, Speed AUTO Internet address is 10.111.0.8 255.255.0.0 10.111.255.255 Description: Quidway Router, ethernet interface IP Sending Frames' Format is Ethernet_II the Maximum Transmission Unit is 1500 5 minutes input rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/sec 5 minutes output rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/sec Input queue: (size/max/drops) 0/1000/0 Queueing strategy: FIFO Output Queue: (size/max/drops) 0/75/0 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffers 0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 no buffers 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame errors 0 overrunners, 0 aborted sequences, 0 input no buffers
The information displayed above includes the physical state, line state, network protocol address, frame encapsulation format and statistic information about transceiving message of this Ethernet interface.
2.1.4 Typical Ethernet Interface Configuration Example

I. Networking requirement
As shown below, the Ethernet interfaces of routers A, B, and C are connected respectively to IP networks 10.24.40.0, 129.102.0.0 and 202.38.165.0. And these three routers are connected together via frame relay network.
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II. Networking diagram

Network address: 10.24.40.0 Network address: 131.109.1.0 Ethernet
Frame Relay Network
Router A Interface address: 10.24.40.1
Network address: k 129.125.1. 0
Interface address: 129.102.0.0
Interface address: Interface address : 202.38.165.1 129.102.0. 1 Router B Router C Ethernet Ethernet Network address: 202.38.165.2
Figure IC-1-1 Networking diagram of Ethernet configuration example
III. Configuration procedure

1) Configure Router A ! Specify the IP address as 10.24.40.1 and the mask as 255.255.255.0. Quidway (config-if-Ethernet0)#ip address 10.24.40.1 255.255.255.0 ! Set MTU of the interface to 1492 bytes and frame format to Ethernet_II. Quidway(config-if-Ethernet0)# mtu 1492 Quidway(config-if-Ethernet0)# send-frame-type Ethernet_II 2) Configure Router B ! Specify the IP address as 202.38.165.1 and the mask as 255.255.255.0. Quidway (config-if-Ethernet0)#ip address 202.38.165.1 255.255.255.0 ! Set MTU of the interface to 1492 bytes and frame format to Ethernet_II. Quidway(config-if-Ethernet0)# mtu 1492 Quidway(config-if-Ethernet0)# send-frame-type Ethernet_II 3) Configure Router C ! Specify the IP address to be 129.102.0.1 and the mask to be 255.255.255.0. Quidway (config-if-Ethernet0)#ip address 129.102.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! Set MTU of the interface to 1492 bytes and frame format to Ethernet_II. Quidway(config-if-Ethernet0)# mtu 1492 Quidway(config-if-Ethernet0)# send-frame-type Ethernet_II
2.1.5 Fault Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Ethernet Interface

The following test methods can be used to judge whether Ethernet interface is faulty:
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l l
Ping the Ethernet interface from the host located in the same LAN as the router to observe whether the returned messages are correct. View the statistic information of two ends of the connection (such as the router and switch) to observe whether the statistic number of the received error frames increases quickly.
If either test fails to pass, it indicates that the Ethernet interface of the router or the connected Ethernet is abnormal. After confirming the fault, proceed as follows: Step 1: View whether the LAN connection between the host and router is correct. If the Ethernet is connected with HUB or LAN Switch, please check the status of relevant link indicators on HUB or LAN Switch. If the indicators are on, it means that the Ethernet interfaces of the host & router and the network cable are physically correct. Otherwise, please replace such physical equipment as the network adapter, network cable, router or relevant interface module. When the Ethernet is connected with unshielded twisted pair and at least one of the connection parties supports 100Base-TX, rate matching must be taken into consideration. If the working rates of two parties do not match, i.e. one works in 100Mbit/s mode while the other works in 10Mbit/s mode, then the fault is that the party with 100Mbit/s configuration shows no connection, while the party with 10Mbit/s connection shows the connection has been established. Furthermore, the activity indicator of the physical layer blink quickly and messages cant be received or transmitted normally. On checking the connection of fast Ethernet interface of Quidway series router, the following prompt information is very helpful. Both these two pieces of information are output on the control console when the user is executing the rate selection command or connecting the network cable.
Ethernet 0: Warning--the link partner do not support 100M mode Ethernet 0: Warning--the link partner may not support 10M mode
Here, the first piece of prompt information indicates that the opposite end, which is detected by the Ethernet interface of Quidway series router, does not support 100Mbit/s working rate, while the local end is working at 100Mbit/s rate by force. At this time, the user should ensure the opposite has been configured correspondingly and is working in rate of 100Mbit/s. The second prompt information indicates that the opposite, detected by the Ethernet interface of Quidway series router, may not support 10Mbit/s working rate, while the local end is forced to work in 10Mbit/s rate. Now, the user should ensure the opposite end to work at the rate of 10Mbit/s. However, when the Ethernet interface of Quidway series router is connecting 10/100Mbit/s adaptive port of HUB, this information doesnt mean setting is incorrect. Step 2: View whether IP addresses of the Ethernet interfaces of the host and router are within the same sub-net. That is the network addresses must be the same, only the host addresses are different. If they are not in the same sub-net, please re-set the IP address. Step 3: Check whether the link layer protocols match one another. Take for example two link layer protocol standards supporting IP protocol, Ethernet_II and Ethernet_SNAP: these two link layer protocols have different encapsulation formats and MTUs. MTU of the former has 1500 bytes and MTU of the latter has 1492 bytes. Two Ethernet devices cant communicate reliably unless they are connected with the same link layer protocol. The Ethernet interface of Quidway series router can simultaneously receive data frames with Ethernet_II and Ethernet_SNAP formats. However, the format of sending data frame must be in accordance with either Ethernet_II or Ethernet_SNAP specified by the user. Therefore, please confirm
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whether the data frame sending format of the router is the same as that of other hosts. When the protocols do not match, the cables and interfaces are physically normal, but cant be pinged through. Step 4: View whether the working mode of the Ethernet interface is correct. When connecting the Ethernet with unshielded twisted pair or fiber, there are two working modes: full duplex and half duplex, specified in 10Base-T/100BaseTX/100Base-FX standard. When using HUB, the half-duplex working mode should be selected. When using LAN Switch, if LAN Switch works in half duplex mode, the Ethernet interface of the router also works in half duplex mode. If LAN Switch works in full duplex mode, the Ethernet interface of the router works in full duplex mode too. If the working mode is incorrect, i.e. one party of the connection works in full duplex mode while the other party in half duplex mode, fault will occur. That is, when network flow increases, the party working in half duplex mode shows frequent network collisions (for example, if HUB is connected, all the other devices on the whole network segment will show serious network collisions), while the party working in full duplex mode shows large amount of error messages received, accompanied with serious message losses at both parties. In this case, use show interface ethernet command to view the error ratio of transceiving messages of the Ethernet interface. Usually, the collision can be observed through the status indicator of the network interface.
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Configuring WAN Interface
Chapter 3 Configuring WAN Interface

The wide area network (WAN) can be divided into X.25 network, frame relay network, ATM network and ISDN network according to the line type. Accordingly, the router has synchronous/asynchronous serial port, ATM interface, ISDN BRI and cE1/PRI. Presently, VRP-supported WAN interfaces include asynchronous serial port, AUX interface, synchronous serial port, ISDN BRI and cE1/PRI interfaces.
3.1 Asynchronous Serial Port

3.1.1 Asynchronous Serial Ports Overview
There are two asynchronous serial ports in VRP. One is Serial, which sets the synchronous/asynchronous serial port to work in asynchronous mode. The other is Async, a special asynchronous serial port. You can set asynchronous serial port to dedicated line mode or dialup mode, and the latter is in more common use. When the asynchronous serial port is connected with Modem or ISDN terminal adapter (TA) externally, it can serve as a dialup interface, encapsulating link layer protocol SLIP or PPP, and supporting IP and IPX.
3.1.2 Configuring Asynchronous Serial Port

I. Configuration task list of asynchronous serial port
The configuration task of asynchronous serial port includes: l l l l l l l l l l l l l Set the synchronous/asynchronous serial port to work in asynchronous mode. Enter the configuration mode of specified asynchronous serial port Set the asynchronous serial port to work in dialup or dedicated line mode. Set encapsulation format Set baud rate Set link establishment mode. Set the interactive check mode set stop bit in interactive mode Set data bit in interactive mode Set flow control mode Enable or disable level detection Enable or disable internal loopback. Set MTU
The asynchronous serial port may also need to be configured with SLIP parameter, PPP parameter, DDR parameter, IP address, firewall and backup center parameter as required. Please see relevant chapters in this manual for details.
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II. Setting the synchronous/asynchronous serial port to work in asynchronous mode

If the physical interface to be configured is synchronous/asynchronous serial port, it must be set to work in asynchronous mode by executing the following commands. If this physical interface is a special asynchronous serial port, proceed to Step 3. Please use the following command synchronous/asynchronous serial port in the configuration mode of
Table IC-3-1 Set the synchronous/asynchronous serial port to work in asynchronous mode
Operation Set the synchronous/asynchronous serial port to work in asynchronous mode. Command physical-layer async
The synchronous/asynchronous serial port works in synchronous mode by default.
III. Entering the configuration mode of specified asynchronous serial port

Please use the following commands to enter the configuration mode of the specified serial port in global configuration mode. Table IC-3-2 Enter configuration mode of specified asynchronous interface
Operation Enter the configuration mode of specified asynchronous serial port Enter the configuration mode of the specified synchronous/asynchronous serial port (which has been set to work in asynchronous mode) Command interface async number interface serial number
IV. Setting the asynchronous serial port to work in dialup or dedicated line mode.
For special asynchronous serial port or the asynchronous serial port set from synchronous/asynchronous serial port, it is possible to dialup with modem command. Please see DDR Configuration part in this manual for other settings and detailed instructions in dialup mode. In dedicated line mode, ensure that modem command is not configured, i.e. disable dial with no modem command. Please use the following commands in the configuration mode of asynchronous serial port. Table IC-3-3 Set the working mode of asynchronous serial port
Operation Set the asynchronous serial port to work in dial mode. Set the asynchronous serial port to work in dedicated line mode. Command modem {in | out} no modem
The asynchronous serial port works in dial mode by default, i.e. modem command is configured by default. Both calling in and calling out are allowed with modem in and modem out command.
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V. Setting encapsulation format

The encapsulation format refers to the link layer frame format of the data passing by the asynchronous serial port. It can be set as SLIP and PPP. Please use the following command in the configuration mode of the asynchronous serial port. Table IC-3-4 Set the encapsulation format of asynchronous serial port
Operation Set the encapsulation format of the asynchronous serial port Command encapsulation { slip | ppp }
The default encapsulation format is PPP.
VI. Setting baud rate

Please use following command in the configuration mode of the asynchronous serial port. Table IC-3-5 Set the baud rate of asynchronous serial port
Operation Set baud rate of the asynchronous serial port baudrate baudrate Command
Default value is 9600bit/s. When the asynchronous serial port is used in dialup mode, the baud rate only refers to the communication rate between the asynchronous serial port of the router and Modem. And the rate between two Modems must be determined according to the line quality after mutual consultation. Therefore, baud rate settings of asynchronous serial ports of two routers at two ends of the line can be inconsistent. When the asynchronous serial port is used in dedicated line mode, the baud rate setting must be consistent with the opposite equipment.
& Note: After the synchronous/asynchronous serial port is set to work in asynchronous mode, the router will automatically change the baud rate to 9600bit/s.
VII. Setting link establishment mode

There are three link establishment modes for the asynchronous serial port: l l Dedicated: after successful dialing, the local end directly uses the set link layer protocol parameter to establish link with the opposite end. Dedicated mode is usually used when asynchronous serial ports are directly connected. Interactive: also called the flow mode, which means two ends of the link interact with each other after successful dialing. The calling end sends configuration command to the receiving end (with the same effect as the user inputs configuration command remotely), sets working parameters of the link layer
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protocol at the receiving end and then establishes the link. This mode is usually used for such man-machine interactions as dumb terminal and dialing, etc. Please use the following commands in the configuration mode of the asynchronous serial port. Table IC-3-6 Set the link establishment mode of asynchronous serial port
Operation Set the asynchronous serial port to establish the link in dedicated mode Set the asynchronous serial port to establish the link in interactive mode Command async mode dedicate async mode interactive
Establish the link in dedicated mode by default.
VIII. Setting flow control mode

When the serial interface sets up a link in interactive mode, there are two flow control methods hardware flow control and software flow control. In hardware flow control, data sending on the asynchronous serial port is controlled by hardware signal. While sending data, the serial interface auto-detects the CTS signal. It will normally send the data when a CTS signal is detected. If no CTS signal is detected, it stops sending the data. In software flow control, data sending on the asynchronous serial port is controlled by software signal. On receipt of the flow control character XOFF (0x13), the async serial interface will shut down data sending on local interface; on receipt of the flow control character XON (0x11), it will start data sending of local interface. If the flow control method is set to normal, the asynchronous serial interface will only start software flow control. If the flow control method is set to auto, the interface will start hardware flow control and software flow control. Please use the following command in the configuration mode of the asynchronous serial port. Table IC-3-7 Set the flow control mode of asynchronous serial port
Operation Set the flow control mode of the asynchronous serial port. Command flowcontrol {normal | auto}
The default flow control mode is auto.
IX. Set the interactive check mode

When the link establishment mode of async serial port is interactive or Tty, the two ends of the link will interact with each other after a successful dial. The calling end will send configuration command to the receiving end and set the interactive parameters of link layer protocol on the receiving end before the establishment of the link. In practical application (such as terminal server), the router will send configuration command to the terminal and transmit interactive operating parameters of the link layer which are set at local end to the opposite end. This command is used to set the interactive operating parameter of the link layer protocol ---check mode.
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Please perform the following configuration in asynchronous serial interface configuration mode. Table IC-3-8 Set the check mode when the async serial port works in interactive mode
Operation Set the check mode when the async serial port works in interactive mode Command parity { even | mark | none | odd | space }
By default, none is adopted for nonparity check.
X. set stop bit in interactive mode

This command is used to set another interactive operating parameter of the link layer protocol---stop bit. Please perform the following configuration in asynchronous serial interface configuration mode. Table IC-3-9 Set the stop bit when the asynchronous serial port works in interactive mode
Operation Set the stop bit when the asynchronous serial port works in interactive mode Command stopbits { 1 | 1.5 | 2
By default, there is only 1 stop bit.
XI. Set data bit in interactive mode

This command is used to set another interactive operating parameter of the link layer protocol---data bit. Please perform the following configuration in asynchronous serial interface configuration mode. Table IC-3-10 Set the data bit when the asynchronous serial port works in interactive mode
Operation Set the data bit when the asynchronous serial port works in interactive mode Command databits { 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 }
5, 6, 7 and 8 stand for 5, 6, 7 and 8 data bits respectively. By default, there are 8 data bits.
IX. Enabling or disabing level detection

If the level detection is disabled for the asynchronous serial port, the system will only detect whether the asynchronous serial port connects cables externally and automatically report its state (UP or DOWN) to the user. If the level detection is enabled, the system will detect DSR signal in addition to the above-mentioned detection. Only when this signal is effective will the system regard the asynchronous serial port as UP. Otherwise, DOWN.
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Please use the following commands in the configuration mode of the asynchronous serial port. Table IC-3-11 Enable or disable the level detection for the asynchronous serial port
Operation Enable the level detection for the asynchronous serial port. Disable the level detection for the asynchronous serial port. Command detect dsr-dtr no detect dsr-dtr
By default the level detection is enabled for the asynchronous serial port.
X. Enabling or disabling internal loopback.

On performing special function test, the internal loopback is enabled for the asynchronous serial port. Please use following commands in the configuration mode of the asynchronous serial port. Table IC-3-12 Enable or disable internal loopback for the asynchronous serial port
Operation Enable internal loopback for the asynchronous serial port. Disable internal loopback for the asynchronous serial port. loopback no loopback Command
The internal loopback is disabled by default.
XI. Setting MTU

MTU of asynchronous serial port influences the fragmentation and reassembling of IP network protocol message on this interface. Please use the following commands in the configuration mode of the asynchronous serial port. Table IC-3-13 Set MTU of asynchronous serial port
Operation Set MTU of asynchronous serial port Recover MTU default mtu mtu no mtu Command
The unit of mtu is byte, ranging 128 to 1500, with 1500 as default. The asynchronous serial port is used in dialup service or dedicated line service. For details about its monitoring, maintenance, typical configuration example, fault diagnosis and troubleshooting, please see related chapters of 03 WAN Protocol Configuration and 06 DDR Configuration in this manual.
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3.2 AUX Interface

3.2.1 Introduction to AUX Interface
AUX interface is a fixed port provided by Quidway router. It can be used as a common asynchronous serial interface with the highest speed of 115200bps. With AUX interface, the functions like remote configuration of the router and line backup can be implemented.
3.2.2 AUX Interface Configuration

I. Entering AUX interface configuration mode
Perform the following configuration in global configuration mode. Table IC-3-14 Entering AUX interface configuration mode
Operation Enter AUX interface configuration mode interface aux 0 Command
II. AUX interface parameter configuration

AUX interface is configured in a similar way as that of the common asynchronous serial port. Notice that: 1) 2) By default, AUX interface works in Interactive mode. When configuring the databits of AUX interface, the parameter of the databits command cannot be set to 5, that is to say, AUX interface does not support the databits to be 5. When configuring the stopbits of AUX interface, the parameter of the stopbits command cannot be set to 1.5, that is to say, AUX interface does not support the stopbits to be 1.5. On some Quidway routers of old type, AUX interface does not support the checking of DSR signal. When using AUX interface, if the interface cannot check whether the cable of the peer router has been properly connected, configure the no detect dsr-dtr command to disable the level checking of AUX. And then AUX will stay UP.
3)
4)
In addition to the above points, AUX interface is configured in the same way as that of the asynchronous serial interface. For other relevant configurations, refer to Asynchronous Serial Interface Configuration of this manual.
3.3 Synchronous Serial Port

3.3.1 Synchronous Serial Ports Overview
Features of synchronous serial port: l It can work in two modes: DTE and DCE. Usually, the synchronous serial port serves as DTE and receives DCE-provided clock.
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l l l l
The synchronous serial port can connect multiple cables externally, such as V.24 and V.35. VRP can automatically detect types of cables connected externally and select electrical characters. There is no need to configure manually. The link layer protocols supported by synchronous serial port include PPP, frame relay, LAPB and X.25. It supports IP and IPX network layer protocol. Type of external cable and the working mode (DTE/DCE) of the synchronous serial port can be viewed with show interface serial command.
value the voice output attenuation ranging 14.0 to 14.0 in dB with one digit after the decimal point.
3.3.2 Configuring Synchronous Serial Port

I. Configuration task list of synchronous serial port
Configuration tasks of the synchronous serial port include: l Set the synchronous/asynchronous serial port to work in synchronous mode. l Enter the configuration mode of specified synchronous serial port. l Set encapsulation format l Set line coding mode. l Set baud rate. l Select working clock l Set clock inversion l Enable or disable internal loopback/external echo l Enable or disable level detection l Set MTU PPP/X.25/FR parameters, DDR parameters, IP address, firewall parameters and backup center parameters should be configured on the synchronous serial interface if needed. Refer to the relevant chapters in this manual for details.
II. Setting the synchronous/asynchronous serial port to work in synchronous mode.

Before further configuration, please set the synchronous/asynchronous serial port to work in synchronous mode with the following command in the configuration mode of synchronous/asynchronous serial port. Table IC-3-15 Set the synchronous/asynchronous serial port to work in synchronous mode
Operation Set the synchronous/asynchronous serial port in synchronous mode. Command physical-layer sync
The synchronous/asynchronous serial port works in synchronous mode by default.
III. Entering the configuration mode of the specified synchronous serial port
In global configuration mode, enter the configuration mode of the specified synchronous serial port with the following command.
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Table IC-3-16 Enter configuration mode of specified synchronous interface

Operation Enter the configuration mode of the specified synchronous/asynchronous serial port (which has been set to work in synchronous mode) Command interface serial number
IV. Setting encapsulation format

The encapsulation format refers to the link layer frame format of data passing by the synchronous serial port. It can be set to have various encapsulation types. Please use the following command in the configuration mode of the synchronous serial port. Table IC-3-17 Set the encapsulation format of synchronous serial port
Operation Set encapsulation format Command encapsulation { frame-relay | hdlc | lapb | ppp | sdlc | x25 }
Select PPP encapsulation format by default.
V. Setting line code mode

There are two line-coding format: none-return-to-zero (NRZ and none-return-to-zero inverted (NRZI). Please specify NRZI as the line-coding mode with the following commands in the configuration mode of synchronous serial port. Table IC-3-18 Select NRZI as the line code mode
Operation Select NRZI as the line coding mode. Return to the default line-coding format nrzi-encoding no nrzi-encoding Command
Line coding format is NRZI by default.
VI. Setting baud rate

Please use the following command in the configuration mode of the synchronous serial port. Table IC-3-19 Set the baud rate of synchronous serial port
Operation Set baud rate of the synchronous serial port baudrate baudrate Command
The baud rates supported by the synchronous serial port are: l l l 1200bit/s 4800bit/s 9600bit/s
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l l l l l l l l
19200bit/s 38400bit/s 64000bit/s 72000bit/s 115200bit/s 128000bit/s 384000bit/s 2048000bit/s
For different physical electrical procedure, the range of baud rate supported by the synchronous serial port are different. l l V.24DTE/DCE: 1200bit/s-64000bit/s V.35DCE/DCE, X.21DTE/DCE, EIA/TIA-449DTE/DCE and EIA-530DTE /DCE: 1200bit/s-2048000bit/s When two synchronous serial ports are connected, the baud rate on line is determined at DCE-side. Therefore, when the synchronous serial ports are working in DCE mode, the baud rate is to be set. However, if the ports act as DTE, then the baud rate neednt be configured. Default baud rate of synchronous serial port is 64000bit/s.
& Note: After the synchronous/asynchronous serial port is set to synchronous mode from asynchronous mode, the system will automatically change the default baud rate to 64000bit/s.
VII. Selecting working clock

The synchronous serial port works in two modes: DTE and DCE. Different working modes has different working clocks. l l If the synchronous serial port is used as DCE, it is necessary to provide clock to the opposite DTE by choosing DCEclk. If the synchronous serial port is used as DTE, the clock provided by the opposite DCE needs to be accepted. As the receiving clock and transmitting clock of the synchronous equipment are independent, the receiving clock of DTE can be the transmitting clock or receiving clock of DCE, or the sending clock of DTE can be the transmitting clock or receiving clock of DCE. Thus, there will be four combinations, i.e. four kinds of clock selections are available at DTE side.
TxClk DCE RxClk DTE
Figure IC-3-1 Schematic diagram of synchronous serial port clock selection
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Table IC-3-20 Selection method with synchronous serial port serving as DTE-side clock
Selection method DTE1 DTE2 DTE3 DTE4 Meaning TxClk = TxClk, RxClk = RxClk TxClk = TxClk, RxClk = TxClk TxClk = RxClk, RxClk = TxClk TxClk = RxClk, RxClk = RxClk
& Note: TxClk stands for transmitting clock, RxClk for receiving clock, the clock before = is DTE-side clock, and that behind = is DCE-side clock.
Please use the following commands in the configuration mode of the synchronous serial port. Table IC-3-21 Select working clock
Operation Select DCE-side synchronous serial port clock Select DTE-side synchronous serial port clock. Command clock-select DCEclk clock-select {DTE1 | DTE2 | DTE3 | DTE4}
The clock of DCE-side synchronous serial port is DCEclk by default, and that of DTE side is DTE3 by default.
VIII. Setting clock inversion

In some special cases, the clock will generate half-period delay on the line, which may cause failed interconnection of equipment at two ends or large amount of messages discarded. In this case, the receiving clock signal of DTE-side synchronous serial port can be inverted to eliminate the influence of delay. Please use the following commands in the configuration mode of the synchronous serial port. Table IC-3-22 Set clock inversion
Operation Enable the inversion of receiving clock signal of DTE-side synchronous serial port Disable the inversion of receiving clock signal of DTE-side synchronous serial port Command invert transmit-clock no invert transmit-clock
The inversion is disabled by default.
& Note: This command is only effective to certain clock signals provided by some DCEs. Usually, clock inversion should not be set.
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IX. Enabling or disabling level detection

If level detection is disabled for the synchronous serial port, the system will only detect whether the synchronous serial port connects cables externally and automatically report its state (UP or DOWN) to the user. If level detection is enabled, the system will further detect DSR and DCD signals. Only when these two signals are effective will the system regard the synchronous serial port as UP. Please use the following commands in the configuration mode of the synchronous serial port. Table IC-3-23 Enable or disable level detection for the synchronous serial port
Operation Enable level detection for the synchronous serial port. Disable level detection for the synchronous serial port. detect dsr-dtr no detect dsr-dtr Command
Level detection is enabled for the synchronous serial port by default.
X. Enable or disable internal loopback/external echo

To perform special function test, the internal loopback/external echo is enabled for the synchronous serial port. Please use the following commands in the configuration mode of the synchronous serial port. Table IC-3-24 Enable/disable internal loopback/external echo for the synchronous serial port
Operation Enable the internal loopback/external echo for the synchronous serial port. Disable the internal loopback/external echo for the synchronous serial port. Command loopback no loopback
The internal loopback/external echo is disabled by default.
XI. Configuring MTU

MTU of synchronous serial port affects the fragmentation and reassembling of IP network protocol message on this interface. Please use the following commands in the configuration mode of the synchronous serial port. Table IC-3-25 Set MTU of synchronous serial port
Operation Set MTU of synchronous serial port Recover the default value of MTU mtu mtu no mtu Command
The unit of mtu is byte, ranging between 128-1500, with 1500 as default. The synchronous serial port is mainly used in dialup service. For details about its monitoring and maintenance, typical configuration example, fault diagnosis and troubleshooting, please see DDR Configuration part in this manual.
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3.4 ISDN BRI Interface

3.4.1 ISDN BRI Interface Overview
I. Technical background
Integrated services digital network (ISDN) is a new technology developed since 1970s. It can provide all-digital services from terminal user to terminal user, and fulfill an alldigital transmission mode integrating such services as voice, data, graphics and video. ISDN is different from conventional PSTN. In conventional PSTN, information is sent to the switch via analog user loop, converted to digital signal through A/D conversion, and then resumed to analog signal when reaching the destination user. ISDN realizes the digital transmission of user loop, implements digital end-to-end communication, and enables various digital and analog information to transmit via the standard digital interface. Besides, ITU-T standardizes ISDN services and formulates such protocols as I.430, Q.921 and Q.931 to make any equipment complying with relevant ISDN standard of ITU-T able to access ISDN easily. User-network interface specification of ISDN: In ITU-T I.411 recommendations, reference configuration of ISDN user-network interface is given according to concepts of function group (a group of functions required by users to access ISDN) and reference point (a point used to distinguish function groups), as shown in the following diagram. 5 4 3 2 1
TE1
NT2
NT1
TE2
TA
Figure IC-3-2 Reference configuration of ISDN user-network interface The function group includes: l l l l Network terminal 1 (NT1): it mainly fulfills functions of OSI layer 1, including subscriber line transmission function, loop test and D channel contention. Network terminal 2 (NT2): also called intelligent network terminal, including layer 1-layer 3 of OSI. Type-1 terminal equipment (TE1): also called ISDN standard terminal, which is user equipment conforming to ISDN interface standard (such as digital phone set). Type-2 terminal equipment (TE2): also called non-ISDN standard terminal, which is user equipment not conforming to ISDN interface standard.
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Terminal adapter (TA): it implements adaptation function, making TE2 to access ISDN standard interface. R reference point: it is between non-ISDN equipment and TA S reference point: it is between user terminal and NT2. T reference point: it is between NT1 and NT2. U reference point: it is between NT1 and line terminal.
The reference point includes: l l l l
II. Preparations before configuration

Be clear about the following items before the configuration: l Whether the interface provided by telecom service provider is ISDN BRI U interface or ISDN BRI S/T interface: In ITU-T I.411 recommendation, the reference model of ISDN user-network interface is given. However, there is worldwide dispute about the position of division point between the user and network. And U interface or S/T interface is used according to different nations. In this case, before purchasing the router, the user must ensure whether the interface provided by the telecom server is ISDN BRI U interface or ISDN BRI S/T interface. Whether digital service is provided: ISDN can provide integrated services like digital service or voice service. Since the router is to perform digital communication, the ISDN line that the user applies for must support digital calling service. Otherwise, data communication cant be realized. Whether to select Point-to-Point connection or Point-to-Multipoint connection (optional): ISDN supports semi-permanent connection function. If the user only uses ISDN to connect fixed points, ISDN dedicated line can be used. Otherwise, Point-to-Multipoint connection is required. Caller Identification function (optional): On ISDN with CID function, the caller number can be filtered, so that only a group of user lines can dial in this router, enhancing the security of the network.
3.4.2 Configuring ISDN BRI Interface

Please enter the configuration mode of the specified ISDN BRI interface with the following command in global configuration mode. Table IC-3-26 Enter the configuration mode of the specified ISDN BRI interface
Operation Enter the configuration mode of the specified ISDN BRI interface Command interface bri interface-number
Please dial before using ISDN BRI interface. See 06 DDR Configuration part in this manual for detailed description of configuration, monitoring and maintenance, typical configuration example, fault diagnosis and troubleshooting of ISDN BRI interface.
3.5 cE1/PRI Interface

3.5.1 cE1/PRI Overview
cE1/PRI interface works in two modes E1 working mode and cE1/PRI working mode. In E1 mode, it works like an interface without timeslot whose data bandwidth is 2Mbit/s. It has the same logic features as the synchronous serial port, supports such link layer
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protocols as PPP, frame relay, LAPB and X.25 and such network protocols as IP and IPX. In cE1/PRI mode, it is physically divided into 32 timeslots, respectively corresponding to numbers 0-31. This interface is used in two ways: l When used as cE1 interface, it can divide all timeslots into random groups. Each group of timeslots, whose logic features are the same as those of synchronous serial port, is bound to serve as a channel-group interface, supporting such link layer protocols as PPP, frame relay, LAPB and X.25, and network protocols such as IP and IPX. When used as PRI interface, since the timeslot numbered 16 is used as D channel for signaling transmission, it can only select a group of timeslots out of those timeslots except timeslot 16, and bind this group to serve as a pri-group interface. Its logic features are the same as those of ISDN dialing interface that supports PPP link layer protocol and such network protocols as IP and IPX. In addition, parameters link DDR can also be configured.
3.5.2 Configuring cE1/PRI Interface

I. Configuration task list of cE1/PRI Interface
The configuration tasks of cE1/PRI interface include: l l l l l l l l l l Enter the configuration mode of the specified cE1/PRI Set line CODEC format Set line clock Enable or disable internal loopback. Switch-over of E1 and cE1/PRI Set frame check mode Set timeslot binding mode of cE1/PRI interface Set working parameters of channel-group Set working parameters of pri-group Set working parameters of E1
II. Entering the configuration mode of the specified cE1/PRI interface

Enter the configuration mode of the specified cE1/PRI interface with the following command in global configuration mode. Table IC-3-27 Enter the configuration mode of the specified cE1/PRI interface
Operation Enter the configuration mode of the specified cE1/PRI interface Command controller e1 number
III. Setting line CODEC format

cE1/PRI interface supports two line CODEC formats: AMI format HDB3 format Please use the following commands in the configuration mode of cE1/PRI interface.
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Table IC-3-28 Set the line CODEC format for cE1/PRI interface
Operation Set the line CODEC format of cE1/PRI interface Restore the default line CODEC format of cE1/PRI interface Command linecode { ami | hdb3 } no linecode
The default is HDB3 format.
IV. Setting line clock

When cE1/PRI is used as synchronous interface, there are also two working modes: DTE and DCE, and it is also necessary to select line clock. When cE1/PRIs of two routers are connected directly, two ends must work in DTE and DCE modes respectively. When cE1/PRI of the router is connected with the switch, the switch works as DCE, and cE1/PRI of the router should then work in DTE mode. Used as a synchronous interface, cE1/PRI works in DTE mode by default. Please use following commands in configuration mode of cE1/PRI. Table IC-3-29 Set the line clock of cE1/PRI interface
Operation Set the line clock of cE1/PRI interface Restore the default line clock of cE1/PRI interface Command clock { dce | line } no clock
By default, Select DTE clock, i.e., the line clock, on cE1/PRI interface.
V. Enabling or disabling internal loopback.

Please use the following commands in the configuration mode of cE1/PRI interface. Table IC-3-30 Enable or disable internal loopback of cE1/PRI interface
Operation Enable loopback of cE1/PRI interface Disable loopback of cE1/PRI interface loopback no loopback Command
The internal loopback is disabled by default.
VI. Switching-over of working modes of E1 and cE1/PRI

cE1/PRI interface works in two modes: E1 and cE1/PRI. Please use the following commands in the configuration mode of cE1/PRI interface. Table IC-3-31 Set the working modes of cE1/PRI interface
Operation Set cE1/PRI interface to work in E1 mode Set cE1/PRI interface to work in cE1/PEI mode using e1 using ce1 Command
The default is cE1/PRI working mode.

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VII. Setting frame check mode

Working in cE1/PRI mode, cE1/PRI interface supports 4-bit CRC to physical frame. Please use the following commands in the configuration mode of cE1/PRI interface. Table IC-3-32 Set frame check mode of cE1/PRI interface
Operation Set the frame check mode of cE1/PRI interface to 4-byte CRC Disable frame check to cE1/PRI interface. Command framing crc4 no framing or framing no-crc4
Frame check is disabled by default.
VIII. Setting timeslot binding mode of cE1/PRI interface

cE1/PRI interface has 32 timeslots. In cE1/PRI mode, it supports two timeslot binding modes: channel-group and pri-group. In E1 mode, only pri-group is supported. Please use the following commands in the configuration mode of cE1/PRI interface. Table IC-3-33 Set timeslot binding mode of cE1/PRI interface
Operation Bind timeslots of cE1 interface to channel-group Cancel timeslot binding of channel-group Bind timeslots of cE1 interface to pri-group Cancel timeslot binding of pri-group Command channel-group channel-group-number timeslots { number | number1-number2} [, number | number1-number2...] no channel-group channel-group pri-group [ timeslots { number | number1- number2} [,number | number1-number2...]] no pri-group
Here, channel-group-number is the group number of channel, ranging 0 to 30, and number is channel number ranging 1 to 31. On a cE1/PRI interface, up to 31 channel-groups can be bound, but only one pri-group can be bound. When bound as pri-group, if no timeslot is specified, all timeslots except timeslot 16 will be bound, forming an ISDN PRI interface similar to 30B+D. If timeslot 16 is included in the bound timeslots, it will be omitted. If only timeslot 16 is to be bound, binding will be unsuccessful. Besides, only one timeslot binding mode is supported on a cE1/PRI interface on the same time, i.e. there can not be channel-group and pri-group at the same time.
IX. Setting working parameters of channel-group

channel-group can be used as a synchronous serial port. Please enter the corresponding configuration mode with the following command in the configuration mode of cE1/PRI interface. Table IC-3-34 Enter the configuration mode of the synchronous serial port
Operation Enter the configuration mode of the synchronous serial port Command interface serial interface-number: channel-groupnumber
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Here, interface-number stands for the number of Serial interface added in the system when channel-group is set for cE1/PRI interface, and channel-group-number is the set channel group number. The main setting includes: l l l l Working parameters of such link layer protocols as PPP, frame relay, LAPB or X.25. IP address If the interface serves as main interface or backup interface of the backup center, it is necessary to set working parameters of the backup center. To build up firewall on this interface, it is required to set address translation and bit/s filtering rules.
Please see related parts in this manual for detailed information.
X. Setting working parameters of pri-group

pri-group can be used as an ISDN dialup interface. Please use the following command to enter the corresponding configuration mode in cE1/PRI configuration mode. Table IC-3-35 Enter the configuration mode of ISDN interface
Operation Enter configuration mode of ISDN interface Command interface serial interface-number: 15
Here, interface-number stands for the number of Serial interface added in the system when pri-group is set for cE1/PRI interface. The main setting includes: l l l l l DDR working parameters Encapsulation link protocol PPP and its authentication parameters IP address If the interface serves as the main interface or backup interface of the backup center, it is necessary to configure working parameters of the backup center. To build up firewall on this interface, it is required to configure the firewall
Please see related parts in this manual for detailed information.
XI. Setting working parameters of E1

E1 can be used as a synchronous serial port. Please use the following command to enter the corresponding configuration modes in cE1/PRI configuration mode (which has been set to E1 mode). Table IC-3-36 Enter the configuration mode of the synchronous serial port
Operation Enter the configuration mode of the synchronous serial port Command interface serial interface-number: 0
Here, interface-number stands for the number of Serial interface added in the system when pri-group is set for cE1/PRI interface. The main setting includes:
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l l l l
Working parameters of such link layer protocols as PPP, frame relay, LAPB or X.25. IP address If the interface serves as main interface or backup interface of the backup center, it is necessary to configure working parameters of the backup center. To build up firewall on this interface, it is required to configure address translation and bit/s filtering rules.
Please see relevant parts in this manual for detailed information.
3.5.3 Monitoring and Maintenance of cE1/PRI Interface

Please use the following commands to display the state and relevant information of cE1/PRI interface in privileged user mode, so as to monitor and maintain cE1/PRI interface Table IC-3-37 Monitor and maintenance cE1/PRI interface
Operation Show the working state of cE1/PRI interface Show the working state of channel-group or pri-group Command show controller e1 interface-number show interface serial interface-number:number
Example 1: ! Show the working state of cE1/PRI interface Quidway#show controller e1 1 The system displays:
E1 1-1 is down. Applique type is E1 - 75 OHM unbalanced Framing is NO-CRC4, Line Code is HDB3, Source Clock is Line.
The information displayed above includes the physical state, application mode, frame check mode, line CODEC format, and line clock selection. Example 2: ! Show working state of pri-group Quidway#show interface serial 9:15 The system displays:
Serial9:15 is down, line protocol is down physical layer is E1, baudrate is 1920000 bps Encapsulation is PPP 5 minutes input rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/sec 5 minutes output rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/sec Input queue :(size/max/drops) 0/50/0 Queueing strategy: FIFO Output Queue :(size/max/drops) 0/50/0 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffers 0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 no buffers 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame errors 0 overrunners, 0 aborted sequences, 0 input no buffers Timeslot(s) Used: 1-31
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The information displayed above includes the physical state, line state, frame encapsulation format, application mode and statistic information of transceiving message of pri-group. cE1/PRI interface is usually used in dialup service or dedicated line service. For its typical configuration example, fault diagnosis and troubleshooting, please see related chapters of 03 Link Layer Configuration and 10 DDR Configuration in this manual.
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Configuring Logic Interface
Chapter 4 Configuring Logic Interface

As described above, the logic interface refers to the interface that can exchange data, but does not exist physically and needs to be established through configuration, including the Dialer interface, sub-interface, backup center logic channel and virtualtemplate.
4.1 Dialer Interface

4.1.1 Dialer Interface Overview
Dialer interface is a dialup interface. Dial-supporting interfaces on Quidway series router include synchronous serial port, asynchronous serial port, ISDN BRI interface and ISDN PRI interface. VRP realizes the Dial on Demand Routing (DDR) function, and provides two DDR configuration methods: standard DDR and flexible DDR. Please see "DDR Configuration part in this manual for detailed information about concepts of standard DDR and flexible DDR.
4.1.2 Configuring Dialer Interface

According to different DDR modes, configurations of Dialer interface are: l l Configure Dialer interface for standard DDR Configure Dialer interface for flexible DDR
Please see related chapters in 06 DDR Configuration part in this manual for detailed description, monitoring and maintenance, typical configuration example, fault diagnosis and troubleshooting of the configurations of standard and flexible DDR.
4.2 Sub-Interface
4.2.1 Sub-Interface Overview
VRP provides the concept of sub-interface, which enables user to configure multiple sub-interfaces on single physical interface of Quidway series router. Sub-interface implements multiple logic interfaces on a physical interface, i.e. to associate multiple logic interfaces with one physical interface. The logic interfaces that belong to the same physical interface will share physical configuration parameters during work, and they also have independent link layer and network layer configuration parameters. In Quidway series router, the physical interfaces supporting sub-interface features include: l l Ethernet interface: when the sub-interface of Ethernet has not been configured with VLAN id, it can only support IPX network protocol. After configured with VLAN id, it will be able to support both IPX and IP protocols. WAN interface of encapsulation frame relay: its sub-interface can support IP and IPX network protocols.
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WAN interface of encapsulation X.25: its sub-interface can support IP and IPX network protocols.
4.2.2 Configuring Sub-Interface

I. Configuration task list of sub-interface
According to different physical interfaces, the configuration tasks of sub-interfaces include: l l l Configure sub-interfaces of Ethernet interface Configure sub-interfaces of WAN interface of encapsulation frame relay Configure sub-interfaces of WAN interface of encapsulation X.25
II. Configuring sub-interfaces of Ethernet interface

1) Create and delete Ethernet sub-interfaces Please use the following commands in global configuration mode. Table IC-4-1 Create and delete Ethernet interface
Operation Create Ethernet sub-interface and enter its configuration mode Delete the specified Ethernet sub-interface Command rinterface ethernet interfacenumber.subinterface-number no interface ethernet interfacenumber.subinterface-number
When using the above commands, if corresponding Ethernet sub-interface has been created (the same as subinterface-number ), enter the configuration mode of this subinterface directly. Otherwise, first create Ethernet sub-interface with subinterfacenumber as the specified one, and then enter the configuration mode of this subinterface. 2) Configure relevant working parameters If the sub-interface of Ethernet has not been configured with VLAN id, it can only support IPX network protocol. Therefore, only IPX network address and other IPX working parameters can be configured on this sub-interface. The detailed configuration procedure and method are similar to those of the Ethernet interface. Please see LAN interface configuration in Interface Configuration and IPX configuration in Network Protocol Configuration of this manual. After configured with VLAN id, the sub-interface of Ethernet can support IP and IPX. For relevant configuration, refer to LAN interface configuration in Interface Configuration and IP configuration in Network Protocol Configuration of this manual.
III. Configuring sub-interfaces of WAN interface of encapsulation frame relay

1) Create and delete WAN sub-interfaces
Please use the following commands in global configuration mode.
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Table IC-4-2 Create and delete WAN sub-interface

Operation Create WAN sub-interface and enter its configuration mode Delete specified WAN sub-interface Command interface { serial | async } interface-number.subinterface-number [multipoint | point-to-point ] no interface { serial | async } interface-number.subinterfacenumber [ multipoint | point-to-point ]
When using the above commands, if corresponding WAN sub-interface has been created (the same as subinterface-number ), enter the configuration mode of this subinterface directly. Otherwise, first create WAN sub-interface with subinterface-number as the specified one, and then enter the configuration mode of this sub-interface. 2) Configure relevant working parameters The following items can be configured on the sub-interface of WAN interface of encapsulation frame relay: l l l l Frame relay address mapping different from the affiliated WAN interface (i.e. the main interface) IP address which is not in the same network segment as the affiliated WAN interface IPX network number different from that of the affiliated WAN interface, and other IPX working parameters Virtual circuit of the sub-interface
Please see chapters in WAN Protocol Configuration and Network Protocol Configuration in this manual for details about the above configurations.
IV. Configuring sub-interfaces of WAN interface of encapsulation X.25

1) Create and delete WAN sub-interfaces The command is the same as above. 2) Configure relevant working parameters The following items can be configured on the sub-interface of WAN interface of encapsulation X.25: l l l l X.25 address mapping different from the affiliated WAN interface (i.e. the main interface) IP address which is not in the same network segment as the affiliated WAN interface IPX network number different from that of the affiliated WAN interface, and other IPX working parameters Virtual circuit of the sub-interface
Please see chapters in WAN Protocol Configuration and Network Protocol Configuration in this manual for details about the above configurations, and subinterface monitoring and maintenance. No further details are provided here.
V. Typical WAN sub-interface configuration example

1) Networking requirements As shown below, WAN interface Serial0 of router A is connected with router B and router C via public frame relay network. By configuring sub-interfaces on Serial0 of router A, LAN 1 can simultaneously access LAN 2 and LAN 3 via Serial0. 2) Networking diagram
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129.10.0.0 Ethernet 2 202.38.160.1 DLCI=50 Router A Serial0 202.38.160.2 DLCI=70 Frame relay DLCI=80 202.38.161.2 Router B
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Figure IC-4-1 Networking diagram of WAN sub-interface configuration example 3) Configuration procedure
! Enter the configuration mode of WAN interface Serial0 of router A Quidway(config)#interface serial 0 ! Select frame relay encapsulation format Quidway(config-if-Serial0)#encapsulation frame-relay ! Specify DTE as its frame relay terminal type Quidway(config-if-Serial0)#frame-relay intf-type dte ! Create sub-interface Serial 0.1 on WAN interface Serial0 of router A in point-to point mode, and enter its configuration mode Quidway(config)#interface serial 0.1 point-to-point ! Set its IP address to 202.38.160.1 and address mask to 255.255.255.0. Quidway(config-if-Serial0.1)#ip address 202.38.160.1 255.255.255.0 ! Allocate a virtual circuit with DLCI 50 to it. Quidway(config-if-Serial0.1)#frame-relay interface-dlci 50 ! Create sub-interface Serial 0.2 on WAN interface Serial0 of router A in point-to point mode, and enter its configuration mode Quidway(config)#interface serial 0.2 point-to-point ! Set its IP address to 202.38,161.1 and address mask to 255.255.255.0. Quidway(config-if-Serial0.2)#ip address 202.38.161.1 255.255.255.0 ! Allocate a virtual circuit with DLCI 60 to it. Quidway(config-if-Serial0.2)#frame-relay interface-dlci 60 ! Configure the static route from router A to LAN2 and LAN3. Quidway(config)#ip route 129.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 202.38.160.2 Quidway(config)#ip route 129.11.0.0 255.255.0.0 202.38.161.2 Configurations of router B and router C are omitted here. For fault diagnosis and troubleshooting of sub-interface, please see chapters in 03-Link Layer Protocol Configuration and 04-Network Protocol Configuration in this manual.
Ethernet 1 129.9.0.0
DLCI=60 202.38.161.1
Router C Ethernet 3 129.11.0.0
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4.3 Backup Center Logic Channel

4.3.1 Backup Center Logic Channel Overview
The backup center not only provides mutual backup between respective interfaces, but also chooses a certain virtual circuit belonging to X.25 or frame relay as the main interface or backup interface of the backup center. Please see relevant chapters for details about the backup center. To facilitate configuration, the user can specify relevant logic channel for the abovementioned virtual circuit and configure working parameters of the backup center in the logic channel.
4.3.2 Configuring Backup Center Logic Channel

For detailed description, monitoring and maintenance, typical configuration example, fault diagnosis and troubleshooting oriented to the configurations of the backup center logic channel, please see Configuration of Backup Center in Reliability Configuration in this manual.
4.4 Virtual-Template and Virtual Interface

4.4.1 Virtual-Template and Virtual Interface Overview
Virtual-template, just as the name implies, is a template used to configure a virtual interface, mainly used in VPN and MP. After setting up the connection of VPN session, it is necessary to create a virtual interface to exchange data with the opposite end. At this time, the system will choose a virtual-template according to the users configuration, and dynamically create a virtual interface based on the configuration parameters of the template. Please see related chapters in 08-VPN Configuration in this manual for the configuration of VPN. Similarly, after multiple PPP links are bound as MP, a virtual interface also needs to be created to exchange data with the opposite end. At this time, select an interface template to dynamically create a virtual interface.
4.4.2 Configuring Virtual-Template

I. Configuration task list of virtual-interface
In VPN and MP application environments, the system automatically creates and deletes virtual interface, which is completely transparent to the user. The user only needs to configure VPN or MP at corresponding physical interface, creates and configures virtual-template, and then builds up relation between the virtual-template and relevant physical interface. The configuration tasks of virtual-template include: l l Create and delete virtual-template Set working parameters of the virtual-template
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Build up corresponding relation between the virtual-template and relevant physical interface.
II. Creating and deleting virtual-template

Please use the following commands in global configuration mode. Table IC-4-3 Create and delete virtual-template
Operation Create virtual-template and enter its configuration mode Delete the virtual-template Command interface virtual-template number no interface virtual-template number
Here, number stands for template number of virtual-template ranging 1 to 25, i.e. the user can create up to 25 virtual-templates. In executing interface virtual-template command, if corresponding virtual-template has been created, then directly enter the configuration mode of this virtual-template. Otherwise, first create the virtual-template with specified template number. In deleting the virtual-template, make sure that all of its derived virtual interfaces have been removed and this virtual-template is not in use any more.
III. Setting working parameters of virtual-template

Compared with normal physical interface, the virtual-template has the following features: the link layer protocol only supports PPP, and the network protocol supports IP and IPX. Therefore, the following working parameters can be set: l Set working parameters of PPP l Set IP address of virtual interface l Set IP address (or IP address pool) allocated to PPP opposite end l Set bit/s filtering rules on the virtual interface Settings of these parameters on virtual-template are the same as those on normal interface. Please see related chapters of PPP configuration in 03-WAN Protocol Configuration, IP address configuration in 04-Network Protocol Configuration and Radius configuration in 07-Security Configuration in this manual for configuration details.
IV. Create corresponding relation between the virtual-template and related physical interface.
In VPN application environment, it is necessary to build up corresponding relations between VPDN group and virtual-template. In MP application environment, it is necessary to build up corresponding relations between MP and virtual-template. Please use the following commands in relevant configuration mode. Table IC-4-4 Create corresponding relation between the virtual-template and related physical interface
Operation Build up corresponding relation between VPDN group and virtual-template (in configuration mode of VPDN group) Build up corresponding relation between MP user and virtual-template (in global configuration mode) Command accept dialin l2tp virtual-template virtual-templatenumber [remote remote-name] multilink-user user-name bind virtual-template number
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Please see chapters in VPN Configuration and WAN Protocol Configuration in this manual for details about the above commands.
4.4.3 Monitoring and Maintenance of Virtual-Template and Virtual Interface

The virtual interface, automatically created by the system if necessary, will work by using parameters of related virtual-template. So, it's unnecessary for manual configuration. The virtual interface will be deleted because of low-layer link disconnection or user intervention. The following command can be used to specify the state of virtual-template in privileged user mode. Table IC-4-5 Show state of the specified virtual-template
Operation Show the state of the specified virtual-template Command Show interface virtual-template virtual-template-number
For example: ! Show the state of Virtual-Template 1. Quidway#show interface virtual-template 1 The system displays:
Virtual- Template1 is up, line protocol is up physical layer is Virtual Template Encapsulation is PPP 0 packets input, 0 bytes 0 input errors, 0 broadcast, 0 drops 0 packets output, 0 bytes 0 output errors, 0 broadcast, 0 no protocol
The information displayed above includes the physical state, circuit state, frame encapsulation format and statistic information of transceiving message of this virtualtemplate. Please see related chapters of VPN Configuration and WAN Protocol Configuration in this manual for typical configuration examples of virtual-template.
4.4.4 Fault Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Virtual-Template

Before checking and eliminating faults of virtual-template, first find out the virtualtemplate is used to create VPN virtual access interface or MP virtual interface, then locate the fault of the virtual-template in actual application environment. Fault 1: fail to create virtual interface. Troubleshooting: the reasons may be as follows: l l The virtual-template is not configured with IP address. Therefore, PPP consultation fails and the virtual interface cant turn to Up state. The virtual-template is not configured with IP address (or IP address pool) allocated to the opposite end. If it is required to allocate addresses to the opposite end in actual application, the virtual interface can not meet the requirement, nor turn to Up state. PPP authentication parameter is set incorrectly. If the opposite end is not the user defined by the router, PPP consultation will also fail.
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Please see related chapters of VPN Configuration and WAN Protocol Configuration in this manual for more methods of fault diagnosis and troubleshooting of virtualtemplate.
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