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Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds

Formation of Common Polyatomic Anions Nonmetal Formula Name 2CO3 Carbonate 3HCO Hydrogen carbonate/ bicarbonate Carbon 2CH3CO Acetate CN Cyanide NO3 Nitrate Nitrogen NO2 Nitrite Oxygen OH Hydroxide 3 PO4 Phosphate 2 Phosphorus HPO4 Hydrogen phosphate H2PO4 Dihydrogen phosphate 2 SO4 Sulfate HSO4 Hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate Sulfur 2SO3 Sulfite HSO3 Hydrogen sulfite or bisulfite Names of Common Anions Element Ion Symbol Name Bromine Br Bromide Fluorine F Fluoride Iodine I Iodide Chlorine Cl Chloride 2 Oxygen O Oxide 2Sulfur S Sulfide

Group IA lithium sodium potassium rubidium cesium hydrogen

Li+ Na+ K+ Rb+ Cs+ H+

COMMON MONOATOMIC CATIONS Group IIA Group IIIA 2+ beryllium Be boron magnesium Mg2+ aluminum calcium Ca2+ bismuth barium Ba2+ strontium Sr2+ Transition metals silver nickel zinc cadmium

B3+ Al3+ Bi3+

Ag+ Ni2+ Zn2+ Cd2+

METAL Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt

METALS FORMING CATIONS OF VARIABLE CHARGES CATIONS NOMENCLATURE OLD SYSTEM STOCK SYSTEM Cr2+ Chromous chromium (II) 3+ Cr Chromic chromium (III) Mn2+ Manganous manganese (II) 3+ manganese (III) Mn Manganic iron (II) Fe2+ Ferrous 3+ iron (III) Fe Ferric Co2+ Cobaltous cobalt (II) cobalt (III) Co3+ Cobaltic

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Sn2+ Stannous tin (II) 4+ Sn Stannic tin (IV) 2+ Pb Plumbous lead (II) lead lead (IV) Pb4+ Plumbic gold (I) Au+ Aurous gold gold (III) Au3+ Auric Cu+ Cuprous copper (I) copper copper (II) Cu2+ Cupric mercury (I) Hg22+ Mercurous mercury* mercury (II) Hg2+ Mercuric * Note that the symbol for mercurous is Hg22+. Mercurous is a diatomic atom with a total charge of 2+, thus the charge of each mercury atom is 1+. tin POLYATOMIC CATION Ammonium NH4+ Hydronium H3O+

COMMON MONOATOMIC ANIONS Group VA nitride phosphide arsenide Group IA hydride Group VIA oxide sulfide selenide telluride Group VIIA fluoride chloride bromide iodide

N P3As3H-

3-

O S2Se2Te2-

2-

FClBrI-

acetate

azide bicarbonate (hydrogen carbonate) bisulfate (hydrogen sulfate) bisulfite (hydrogen sulfite) cyanide cyanate dihydrogen phosphate hydroxide nitrate nitrite permanganate superoxide

COMMON POLYATOMIC ANIONS 2CH3COOhydrogen HPO42or phosphate C2H3O2N3carbonate CO32HCO3 chromate CrO42HSO4HSO3CNOCNH2PO4OHNO3NO2MnO4O2dichromate oxalate peroxide sulfate sulfite thiosulfate Cr2O72C2O42O22SO42SO32S2O32-

3arsenate

AsO43AsO33BO33Fe(CN)63PO43PO33-

arsenite borate ferricyanide phosphate phosphite

4ferrocyanide Fe(CN)64pyrophosphate P2O74-

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perchlorate chlorate chlorite hypochlorite

ClO4ClO3ClO2ClO-

COMMON OXYANIONS Perbromate BrO4periodate Bromate BrO3 iodate Bromite BrO2iodite hypobromite BrOhypoiodite

IO4IO3IO2IO-

Na K Ag Sn Pb Cu

sodium potassium silver tin lead copper

Latin/Foreign Names of Some Elements Natrium Sb antimony stibium Kalium Fe iron ferrum Argentum Au gold aurum Stannum Hg mercury hydrargyrum Plumbum W tungsten wolfram (swedish) Cuprum

Compound Binary Metal + nonmetal Metal with multiple charges/ O.N.

Nomenclature Rule 1st name Unmodified name of metal a. Unmodified name of metal + (oxidation number) b. smaller O.N.: add suffix -ous greater O.N.: add suffix -ic Add numerical prefix, EXCEPT if only one hydro_______ic Unmodified name of positive ion Modify; > O.N. add -ic < O.N. add -ous

Rule 2nd name Modify, add suffix -ide Modify, add suffix -ide

Nonmetal + nonmetal Binary Acids Ternary Compounds Ternary Acids

Add numerical prefix, modify, add suffix -ide + word acid Name of negative ion + acid

FORMULA WRITING Steps 1. Identify whether the compound is ionic or covalent compound 2. If Ionic compound 3. a. Write the symbol for each element b. Identify the charge of each element c. Crisscross charges d. If necessary, do lowest term. 4. If covalent compound a. Write the symbol for each element b. Identify the prefix used Number of Atoms 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Prefix Mono Di Tri Tetra Penta Hexa Hepta Octa Nona Deca

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c. Use the numerical value of each prefix as subscript

Covalent Bonding Predicted number of bonds = 8 number of valence electrons Number of bonds + Number of lone pairs = 4

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Systematic and Common Names for Some Metal Ions Element Ion Symbol Systematic Name Common Name + Cu Copper(I) Cuprous Copper Cu2+ Copper(II) Cupric 2+ Cr Chromium(II) Chromous 3+ Chromium Cr Chromium(III) Chromic 2+ Fe Iron(II) Ferrous 3+ Iron Fe Iron(III) Ferric 2+ Sn Tin(II) Stannous 4+ Tin Sn Tin(IV) Stannic