Trainee

Subject Area
General Mechanic

09.1.3.16
1 - 4

Date:
1. Title of C.U. : Force Calculation - Wedge Forces

2. Subject / Class : Workshop Calculation, 1st Year of Training

3. Topics of
instruction
sections : 1. Basic wedge force formulae
2. Associated exercises





Instructor

Subject Area
General Mechanic

09.1.3.16
1 - 6

Date:
1. Title of C.U. : Force Calculation - Wedge Forces

2. Subject / Class : Workshop Calculation, 1st Year of Training

3. Topics of
instruction
sections : 1. Basic wedge force formulae
2. Associated exercises


4. Previous : Triangle calculations, force calculation, inclined plane
knowledge

5. Introduction : Key joints (wedge-type joints) are used as locating and connecting
elements.
Specific Aims


Requirement Levels
Targets

The Trainee should:

- Be able to explain and draw key joints
- Be able to calculate key joints



Knowledge


Resources
Time:

4 hours
Teaching Aids:

Key joint models






Abscherung

Scherflche S
Scherkraft F
Bolzendurchmesser d
Scherspannung
a

Scherfestigkeit
aB

Sicherheitszahl
Anzahl der Scherflchen i
Zulssige Scherspannung
a zul



4
d
i S
S
F

zul a a
aB
zul a
2
a
=

=

=
=

Flchenpressung

Projektionsflche A
Bauteilstrke s
Flchenpressung
Zulssige Flchen-
pressung
zul
Bolzendurchmesser d
Drehmoment M
Umfangsgeschwindigkeit F
Wirksamer Hebelarm r
r F M

s d A
A
F

zul
=
=
=
=

Title of C.U. :
Force Calculation - Wedge Forces

Instructor Trainee

09.1.3.16
2



1. Wedge forces

Keys (wedges) are used to increase an actuating force or to transmit a force to another compo-
nent. Applications of keys range from the fastening of components to the raising of heavy loads
and the securing of structural elements or machine parts.

Key action is based on the inclined plane principle:




The force required is governed by the key wedge angle.














If friction locking or self-locking is to be achieved with a key joint, the coefficient of friction must
be at least of the same magnitude as the ratio of key height to key length.


Small wedge angle = Great effect

Large wedge angle = Little effect
Force is saved at the expense of distance
F = Actuating force h = Key height
F
N
= Normal force l = Key length
F
W
= Force due to weight
= Coefficient of friction

I
F F
F F
W
W
h

l
h
tan tan
=
= =


F
F
tan
F
F

W W
= =

= tan
Key length l F
N
F
W

F

K
e
y

h
e
i
g
h
t


h





Title of C.U. :
Force Calculation - Wedge Forces
Instructor Trainee

09.1.3.16
3



Exercise example

Wedge forces

A sunk key with a standardised inclina-
tion ratio of 1 : 100 is used in a gear
mechanism between a gear wheel and
an input shaft.

Friction locking between shaft and gear
wheel should guarantee a contact
pressure F
C
of 15 kN. 70 % of this
takes effect in axial direction to over-
come friction.

Calculate the force F
S
with which the
key has to be pressed in against the
gear wheel.




Solution:













The key must be pressed in against the gear wheel with a force of 105 N.
F
S
Sunk key 1:100

0.01
mm 100
mm 1
tan = =


N 105 F
0.7 0.01 N 15000
tan F
S
C
=
=
=
S
S
F
F





Title of C.U. :
Force Calculation - Wedge Forces
Instructor

09.1.3.16
4

Trainee Exercise Sheet

Name of Trainee:

Time allowed: Max. possible points:


Exercise 1

A machine frame is to be raised using a wedge-type lifting device. The adjusting wedge
in the lifting device has a length of 115 mm and is 10 mm high.

What is the load in kg which can be
raised employing an actuating force
(F) of 400 N at the lifting device?








Solution:


Points
F
S
F



Title of C.U. :
Force Calculation - Wedge Forces
Instructor

09.1.3.16
5

Trainee Exercise Sheet

Name of Trainee:

Time allowed: Max. possible points:


Exercise 2

The angle of inclination of a clamping wedge in a clamping fixture is 8.

By how many mm will the slide be shifted if the clamping wedge is moved 32 mm in
wedge direction?








Solution:

Points
x
y



Title of C.U. :
Force Calculation - Wedge Forces
Instructor

09.1.3.16
6

Trainee Exercise Sheet Instructor's Sheet

Name of Trainee:

Time allowed: Max. possible points: 100


Exercise 1

A machine frame is to be raised using a wedge-type lifting device. The adjusting wedge
in the lifting device has a length of 115 mm and is 10 mm high.

What is the load in kg which can be
raised employing an actuating force
(F) of 400 N at the lifting device?









Solution:

Points



50






































0.087
mm 115
mm 10

l
h
tan = = =


kg 460 m N 4600
0.087
N 400

tan
F

= =
= =
S
S
F
F

F
S
F



Title of C.U. :
Force Calculation - Wedge Forces
Instructor

09.1.3.16
7

Trainee Exercise Sheet Instructor's Sheet

Name of Trainee:

Time allowed: Max. possible points:


Exercise 2

The angle of inclination of a clamping wedge in a clamping fixture is 8.

By how many mm will the slide be shifted if the clamping wedge is moved 32 mm in
wedge direction?








Solution:



Points




50





































mm 4.51 x
0.141 mm 32 x
8 tan mm 32
tan y
=
=
=
=
x
x