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KELZAN XCD and XANVIS are useful in the various spacer fluids because of their unique rheological properties. The pseudoplasticity (high viscosity at low shear rates and low viscosity at high shear rates) of these polymers provides a high annular viscosity for optimum displacement efficiency. Considerable experimental and field-work have been done investigating the displacement of one fluid by another, primarily in cementing operations. The principles and fluid properties found desirable during these tests will normally apply to all fluid displacements. It was found that under most circumstances turbulent flow has the highest displacement efficiency due to its scouring effect at the wellbore and pipe surfaces. However, it has also been established in most drilling, workover, and completion operations, that optimum suspension properties are achieved under laminar flow conditions. Turbulent flow across the annulus is generally not possible because of normal pump limitations and pipe eccentricity, exceeding formation breakdown pressure, hole erosion and other considerations.
Houston, TX 77064
(713) 895-7575
www.kofg.com
Technical Bulletin
Figure 1. Annular Flow Profile of a KELZAN XCD or XANVIS Formulated, Low n Value Spacer Fluid, Illustrating Carrying Capacity
10,000
1,000
Viscosity, cP
0.75 lb/bbl
100
10
www.kofg.com
Technical Bulletin
Additional features of KELZAN XCD and XANVIS spacer fluids: High annular viscosities Suspend weighting agents (9.0 to 20 lb/gal) Compatible with most salt solutions Not affected by drilling and work-over fluids generally being displaced Good temperature and pH stability Provide more friction reduction in tubulars More shear stable than cellulosics
Adjust spacer fluid flow properties by varying amount of xanthan gum. Use weight material or dissolved salts for density.
Table 1 Suggested Parameters for Fluid Design Well Fluid "n" Value "K", dynes-secn/cm2 PV, cP YP, lb/100 ft2 3 rpm reading Density, lb/gal 0.55 6.3 23 14 3 11.6 Spacer Fluid * 0.24 33 9 20 10 10.5 Displacing Fluid 0.9 0.2 7 1 0.5 9.0
* Ingredients: sea water, 1.5 Ib/bbl KELZAN XCD, 115 lb/bbl barite.
n and K calculated between 3 and 300 rpm.
KELZAN and XANVIS are registered trademarks of CP Kelco U.S., Inc. and may be registered or applied for in other countries. 2001 CP Kelco U.S., Inc. The information contained herein is, to our best knowledge, true and accurate, but all recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee, since we can neither anticipate nor control the different conditions under which this information and our products are used. It is our policy, to assist our customers and to help in the solution of particular problems, which may arise in connection with application of our products. Rev. 09/05