Đồ án máy tiện T6M16

Thuyt minh n mn hc My ct kim loi
Tr-ng i hoc KTCN Thi Nguyn

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B gio dc v o to Cng ha x hi ch ngha
vit nam
---------------- c lp T do
Hnh phc
Tr-ng i hc -------------
o0o------------
Cng nghip thi nguyn
Khoa : c kh
B mn : My v T ng ho

ti
thit k n mn hc

Ng-i thit k : Hong Tun
Lp : K35MA
Ngnh : C kh ch to my
Cn b h-ng dn : Nguyn Thun
Ngy giao ti : 10/03/2003

Ni dung ti : Thit k my tin ren vt
vn nng
H=200 ; Z=22 ; = 1,26 ;
n
max
= 1600 (v/ph)
Ct -c ren quc t, m
un, Anh, Pt

S lng v kch thc bn v : 02 bn A
0

1 . Khai trin hp tc - A
0

2 . Khai trin ng - A
0

Thi Nguyn , Ngy 10 thng 3 nm 2003

T tr-ng b mn
Cn b h-ng dn
(k tn)
(k tn)

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Nguyn Thun

LI NI U

Trong giai on pht trin x hi nh- hin
nay,vic xy dng mt nn cng nghip hin i l mt
nhim v trng tm trong thi k pht trin nn kinh
t th tr-ng.Nhn r -c nhim v quan trng
ng v nh n-c ta rt ch trng n vic pht
trin nn cng nghip nng trong mi nhn l
nghnh C KH CH TO MY.
Trnh k thut ca mt t n-c tr-c ht -c
nh gi bi s pht trin ca ngnh c kh ch to
my-Mt trong nhng ngnh ch o ca nn cng nghip
trong my ct kim loi l thit b ch yu ca
nghnh,chng dng bc i mt l-ng d- no t
phi bin thnh nhng chi tit my theo
mun.Ngy nay cng ngh sn xut phi t nhng
thnh tu to ln trong vic to ra nhng phi c hnh
dng ging vi chi tit gia cng v l-ng d- gia cng
bc i rt nh.Song khng v th m ngha ca my
ct kim loi trong nghnh c kh li gim m cn tng
ln v bi qa trnh gia cng trn my ct rt phc
tp v yu cu chnh xc rt cao m cc dng gia
cng khc khng th t -c.
Sau thi gian hc tp ti tr-ng i Hc K Thut
Cng Nghip n nay,em hon thnh ch-ng trnh hc
ca nghnh c kh ch to my. c s tng hp cc
kin thc hc trong cc mn hc ca ngnh v c
-c s khi qut chung v nhim v ca mt ng-i

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thit k ,em -c nhn ti thit k my Thit k
my tin ren vt chnh xc v chuyn thnh lp s
ng ct ren c b-c ren thay i. -c s ch bo
tn tnh ca thy gio h-ng dn
TS Nguyn ng Ho v tp th cc thy c gio trong
b mn my v t ng ho cng vi s c gng ca bn
thn,n nay em hon thnh n tt nghip ca
mnh.Trong qu trnh lm n chc chn s khng
trnh khi nhng thiu st.Em rt mong -c s ch
bo ca cc thy c em c iu kin hc hi thm.
Em xin chn thnh cm n.

Thi Nguyn, ngy thng
nm 2002
Sinh
vin thit k

Hong Tun

Nhn xt ca gio vin h-ng dn

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Ti liu tham kho

[1] : Thit k my ct kim loi.
Tc gi : Mai Trng Nhn.
B mn my ct kim loi.
Tr-ng HKT CN Vit Bc.
[2] : Gio trnh my ct kim loi Tp I.
Tc gi : GVC Hon Duy Khn.
B mn my ct kim loi.
Tr-ng HKT CN Thi Nguyn.
Thi Nguyn : 1996.
[3] : H-ng dn thit k n mn hc dao ct.
Tc gi: Trnh Khc Nghim.
Tr-ng: HKT CN Thi Nguyn.

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Bc Thi: 1991.
[4] : Tnh ton thit k my ct kim loi.
Tc gi: Phm p Nguyn c Lc
Phm Th Tr-ng Nguyn Tin L-ng
Nh xut bn i Hc v trung hc chuyn
nghip.
H Ni : 1971
[5] : Tnh ton h dn ng c kh Tp I,II
Tc gi: Trnh Cht L Vn Uyn
Nh xut bn gio dc.
[6] : K thut tin.
Tc gi: NHEJNI CHIKIN TKHO.
Ng-i dch: Nguyn Quang Chu
Nh xut bn Thanh Nin 1999.
[7] : Gio trnh my ct kim loi Tp IV.
Bin son: D-ng Cng nh.
Hiu nh: PTS Trn V Quc.
B mn my ct kim loi Tr-ng HKTCNTN
Thi Nguyn: 1996.
[8] : Tp bn v s ng my ct kim loi.
Tr-ng HKTCN Vit Bc.
B mn my ct kim loi.
Bc Thi 1980.

Mc lc
Phn
Trang

Phn I: Tng hp cu trc ng hc my.
1-8

Phn II: c tr-ng k thut ca my.
9-15

Phn III: Thit k ng hc my.
16-56

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Phn IV: Thit k ng lc hc my.
57-69

Phn V: Tnh ton chi tit my.
70-80

Phn VI: Tnh ton h thng bi trn v lm mt.
81-85

phn i :
tng hp cu trc ng hc my

I. Cng dng ca my tin ren vt vn nng.
My tin ren vt vn nng l my cng c -c
dng ph bin nht trong cc nh my, phn x-ng c

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kh ca cc x nghip. N -c dng gia cng cc
b mt trn xoay, b mt ren. Ph hp vi loi hnh
sn xut n chic lot nh, thnh hp vi sa
cha,ch to cc chi tit thay th.
Ngy nay do tin b khng ngng ca khoa hc k
thut, my tin ren vt vn nng -c ci tin nhiu
cho ph hp vi nhu xu h-ng pht trin ca thi i.
c bit l cc my -c iu khin theo ch-ng trnh
s (CNC), ng dng cng ngh mi CAD/CAM/CNC.
Ngoi vic gia cng cc b mt trn xoay, b mt
ren. Nu s dng thm cc g chuyn dng th c
th m rng thm kh nng cng ngh ca my thc
hin cc nguyn cng khc nh- khoan, khot, doa, tin
cc b mt nh hnh, mt phng, ct t c chnh
xc cao.
Nhng cng vic ch yu ca my tin ren vt vn
nng l tin trn v tin ren. My c th tin
-c cc loi ren h mt, ren h Anh, ren nhiu u
mi, ren khuch i, ren tiu chun v phi tiu
chun, ren tri v ren phi. . .
II. To hnh b mt chi tit gia cng.
1. S gia cng.
My tin ren vt vn nng ch yu dng gia
cng cc b mt trn xoay (Tr trn) v b mt ren.
Chn hai nguyn cng c tr-ng ny ca my xc
nh s gia cng.
a. Nguyn cng tin tr trn.
B mt ny -c hnh thnh nh hai chuyn ng:
chuyn ng quay trn ca trc chnh mang phi Q
1
v
chuyn ng tnh tin ca bn my mang dao T
2
nhm
to ra l-ng chy dao.
Vy c hai chuyn ng to hnh l:
+ |
S
(Q
1
): Chuyn ng to hnh -ng sinh 1.
+ |
c
(T
2
): Chuyn ng to hnh -ng chun 2.
ph-ng php to hnh b mt l vt ( qu tch)
b. Nguyn cng tin ren.
-ng sinh (1) l prfin ren -c hnh thnh t
ph-ng php chp hnh. -ng chun (2) l -ng
xon vt tr -c hnh thnh t ph-ng php vt.

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to ra b mt ren th 2 chuyn ng thnh phn
Q
1
, T
2
phi c mi quan h cht ch vi nhau m bo
khi trc chnh mang phi quay -c 1 vng th bn ma
mang dao phi dch chuyn mt l-ng bng b-c ren t
hay b-c xon H (i vi ren nhiu u mi). Vy c
hai chuyn ng to hnh l :
|
S
(Q
1
) : Chuyn ng to hnh -ng sinh 1.
|
c
(Q
1
, T
2
) : Chuyn ng to hnh ca -ng chun
2.

2. Cc chuyn ng cn thit ca my.
a. Chuyn ng to hnh (k hiu |) .
Chuyn ng to hnh l chuyn ng cn thit
to ra -ng sinh v -ng chun. S l-ng cc chuyn
ng to hnh -c xc nh qua biu thc:
N
|
= N
|s
+ N
|c
- 1/2 N
|T

Trong :
N
|s
: S l-ng thnh phn chuyn ng to hnh
-ng sinh.
N
|c
: S l-ng thnh phn chuyn ng to hnh
-ng chun.
N
|T
: S chuyn ng trng.
Trong : N
|s
=0 ; N
|c
=2 ; N
|T
=0
(Tin ren)
N
|s
=1 ; N
|c
=1 ; N
|T
=0
(Tin trn)
Nh- vy trong c hai tr-ng hp tin th N
|
=2 ngha l
chuyn ng to hnh gm c 2 thnh phn |(Q
1
,T
2
).

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b. Chuyn ng ct gt.
Chuyn ng ct gt l chuyn ng cn thit
thc hin v duy tr qu trnh bc phoi, y chuyn
ng ct gt trng vi chuyn ng to hnh do cu
trc ng hc my n gin nh-ng n li hn ch cng
sut ct gt. Ngoi cc chuyn ng chy dao dc ca
bn my, chuyn ng ph cn c chuyn ng chy dao
ngang thc hin mt s nguyn cng khc nh- : Xn
mt u, tin ct t.
c. Chuyn ng phn .
Chuyn ng phn l chuyn ng cn thit
dch chuyn t-ng i gia dao v phi sang v tr
mi, khi trn chi tit gia cng c nhiu b mt gia
cng cn bn ging nhau. V d nh- : Tin ren nhiu
u mi.
d. Chuyn ng nh v.
Chuyn ng nh v l chuyn ng nhm khng ch
kch th-c gia cng ca chi tit gia cng, n c
nhim v xc nh h-ng ca ta phi v dao vi
nhau, tc l xc nh v tr t-ng i ca -ng sinh
v -ng chun vi nhau trong cc trc to ca
my. Chuyn ng nh v c th l chuyn ng n dao
nu trong lc thc hin c tin hnh ct gt v c
th l chuyn ng iu chnh nu trong lc thc hin
khng c qu trnh ct gt.
e. Chuyn ng iu khin.
L chuyn ng nhm m bo my hot ng theo
mt tin trnh cng ngh xc nh, chuyn ng ny
ca my l chuyn ng cn thit cho my tr thnh
my t ng hay bn t ng. V d cc chuyn ng
thc hin ng m l hp hay khng ch hnh trnh.
g. Cc chuyn ng ph khc.
L chuyn ng thc hin dch chuyn dao hay phi vi
tc ln m khng tham gia ct gt, cc chuyn ng
ny cn thit khi kt thc mt l-t gia cng
chuyn sang l-t gia cng khc.

III . Thnh lp s cu trc ng hc my.
Tp hp mt hay vi nhm ng hc ni kt cu hay
ni ng hc vi nhau, to thnh cu trc ng hc

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ton my. V vy mun xy dng cu trc ng hc my
cn nm vng nguyn tc ni ng v nguyn tc b tr
cc khu iu chnh. Bit rng ngoi chuyn ng chy
dao dc T
2
my cn c chuyn ng chy dao ngang T
3

tin mt phng, tin mt u v tin ct t. . . Do
lin kt ca my phi c vt me ngang. Khi thc
hin tin trn chuyn ng tnh tin ca bn xe dao T
2

s do c cu bnh rng thanh rng m nhn khi ct
ren s dng vt me dc chy do dc.

Theo yu cu my ch to ra phi gia cng -c
cc loi phi c kch thc khc nhau nm trong phm
vi cho php, nhm tho mn tnh cng ngh khi chn
ch ct hp l. V vy trc chnh phi c nhiu
tc t-ng ng vi ch ct. bo m iu
ta phi thit k hp tc (i
v
) v c cu iu chnh
tc cho trc chnh. to ra cc l-ng chy dao
khc nhau (dc, ngang) trong my cn b tr hp chy
dao (i
s
) khi ny s cu trc ng hc my v iu
chnh ng hc my -c th hin nh- hnh v.

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Trc vt me ngang- T
3

Trc vt me dc T
2

- Lin kt trong: Trc chnh Q
1
i
s

Trc trn (B
r
- T
r
)- T
2

- Lin kt ngoi: i
/c
i
v
Trc chnh.
*. Xch tc :
- T ng c M
1
n trc chnh mang phi
M
1
1 2 i
v
3 4 Trc chnh.
- L-ng di ng tnh ton
n
/c
= n
T/c
(Vng/pht)
- Ph-ng trnh iu chnh.
n
/c
i
12
i
v
i
34
= n
t/c
- Cng thc ng hc.
i
v
= C
v
. n
t/c
*. Xch chy dao tin trn.
- T trc chnh mang phi n b truyn bnh rng
thanh rng.
Trc chnh 4 5 i
s
6 8 BR TR
- L-ng di ng tnh ton.
1 vng trc chnh to ra S
d
(mm) bn dao dc

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1 i
45
i
s
i
68
t.m
n
.Z =S
d
(mn)
- Cng thc ng hc.
i
s
=C
s1
.S
d

* Xch chy dao tin ren.
- T trc chnh n b truyn vt me ai c dc
(t
vmd
)
- Trc chnh 4 5 i
s
6 7 t
vmd

1 vng trc chnh to ra t(mm) bn dao.
- Ph-ng iu chnh.
1i
45
i
s
i
67
t
vmd
= t(mn)
- Cng thc ng hc
i
s
= C
s2
. t
*. Xch chy dao ngang.
- T trc chnh n b truyn vt me ai c ngang
(t
vmn
)
Trc chnh 4 5 i
s
6 9 t
vmn

1 vng trc chnh to ra S
ng
(mm) bn dao ngang.
- Ph-ng trnh iu chnh
1i
45
i
s
i
69
t
vmn
= S
ng
(mm)
- Cng thc ng hc.
i
s
= C
S3
.S
ng

*. xch chy dao nhanh.
+. chy dao dc.
- T ng c chy dao nhanh M
2
n b truyn BR/TR
M
2
10 8 BR/TR
- Ph-ng trnh iu chnh
n
/c
(M
2
) i
108
t.m
n
.z = S
d
(mm)
+. chy dao ngang.
- T ng c dao nhanh M
2
n b truyn vt me
ngang.
M
2
10 9 t
vmn

n
/c
(M
2
) i
109
t
vmn
= S
ng
(mm)

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PHn II :
c tr-ng k thut ca my
I. c tr-ng cng ngh.
My tin ren vt vn nng c th gia cng -c cc
b mt tr trn xoay (trong, ngoi); mt u v cc
b mt ren, tin ct t.
Cc nguyn cng thc hin trn my tin l : Tin
tr trn, tin ren, khoan, doa, tar. . . Ngoi ra
nu b tr thm g th c th m rng thm phm vi
cng ngh ca my.
Cc dng c ct -c s dng trn my tin th-ng
l : Thp cacbon dng c, thp gi, thp hp kim
dng c, hp kim cng . . .
Phi c th gia cng -c trn my l phi thanh,
phi rn hoc c. Vt liu phi ch y l thp
cacbon, thp hp kim , gang. . . Ngoi ra cn c hp
kim mu v vt liu phi kim loi.
Tuy theo ph-ng php t chnh xc khi gia cng
m chi tit gia cng c th t -c chnh xc v
bng b mt khc nhau.
Cp chnh xc bng Rz(m) ph-ng php gia
cng
8411 80 (m) khi tin th
547 40 (m) khi tin bn tinh
244 10 (m) khi tin tinh
2 3,2 (m) khi tin mnh
My ny ph hp vi sn xut lot va v phc v sa
cha thay th.

II. c tr-ng kch th-c my.
c tr-ng kch th-c l kh nng thch ng ca my
i vi vic gia cng cc chi tit v mt kch th-c.
Chiu cao tm my: H=200 (mm)
-ng knh chi tit ln nht c th gia cng -c
trn bng my:
D
max
= 2H = 2.200 = 400 (mm)

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-ng knh chi tit ln nht c th gia cng trn bn
dao, l -ng knh gia cng hiu qu nht m ta dng
tnh ton cc c tr-ng k thut l:
D1
max
= (1,241.4) H . Chn D
1max
= 1,3H = 1,4.200 = 280
(mm)
-ng knh b nht ca phi c th gia cng -c trn
my
max 1 min 1
1
D
R
D
d
=

Trong Rd l phm vi thay i -ng knh R
d
= 8410
Chn R
d
= 10
vy -c : D
1min
= 280
10
1
= 28 (mm)
-ng kch phi ln nht c th lun qua trc chnh.
d
max
= ( 0,1540,2 ) D
1max

Chn d
max
=0,15. D
1max
= 0,15.280 = 42 (mm)
Khong cch xa nht gia hai mi tm : L= (3,547).200
=70041400 (mm)
Chn L
max
= 1000(mm)
S tc quay ca trc chnh : 24 (22 cp khc
nhau).
Gii hn tc quay ca trc chnh:
n
min
=12,5 (vng/pht) ; n
max
= 1600 (vng/pht)

III. c tr-ng ng hc.
1. Xch tc .
+ Vic tnh ton tc ct ln nht v b nht
ca my, bng cch phi hp nhng iu kin thun li
hoc kh khn nht vi nhau, s dn ti tng rt ln
phm vi iu chnh ca my v lm cho kt cu rt
phc tp.Do chn cc tr s tc ct ti hn tt
nht l cn c vo cc ti liu thng k v s dng
tc ct trn cc my khc nhau. C th tng tr s
tc ct ln nht ln 25% khi k n s tin b v
mt kt cu v vt liu dng c ct.
+ Chui s vng quay ti hn ca trc chnh
Theo ti thit k ta c : n
max
= 1600 (v/ph)
+ S cp tc l z
n
= 22
+ Chn cng bi = 1,26
Tra bng 4[1] tra -c n
min
= 12,5 (v/ph)
+ Phm vi iu chnh tc

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128
5 , 12
1600
min
max
= = =
n
n
R
n

+Tnh s vng quay ca trc chnh:
Vi = 1,26 ta -c s vng quay ca trc chnh
nh- sau:
n
1
= 12,5 (v/ph) n
9
= 80 (v/ph) n
16
=
400 (v/ph)
n
2
= 16 (v/ph) n
10
= 100 (v/ph) n
17
=500
(v/ph)
n
3
= 20 (v/ph) n
11
= 125 (v/ph) n
18
=630
(v/ph)
n
4
= 25 (v/ph) n
12
= 160 (v/ph) n
19
=800
(v/ph)
n
5
= 31,5 (v/ph) n
13
= 200 (v/ph)
n
20
=1000 (v/ph)
n
6
= 40 (v/ph) n
14
= 250 (v/ph)
n
21
=1250 (v/ph)
n
7
= 50 (v/ph) n
15
= 315 (v/ph) n
22

=1600 (v/ph)
n
8
= 63 (v/ph)

2.Xch chy dao.
- Tc chy dao ca my ph thuc vo chiu su
ct khi gia cng v cht l-ng b mt, yu cu k
thut ca chi tit cn gia cng.
- Chiu su ct t
max
-c lp bng l-ng d- h thp,
khi gia cng c, theo bng 6[1], vi kch th-c phi
l: 2001000 (mm) c l-ng d- 2 pha l a= 14(mm)

) ( 7
2
14
2
max
mm
a
t = = =

Chiu su t
min
-c tnh gn ng theo biu thc
sau: max min
4
1
2
1
t t
|
.
|
\
|
=

Chn t
min
= ) ( 75 , 1
4
1
mm = =
4
7
t
max

L-ng chy dao Smax tra theo t
max
khi tin th ngoi.
L-ng chy dao S
min
tra theo cht l-ng b mt gia cng
c th.

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Bi v hp chy dao tin ren dng c tin trn.
Nn phm vi iu chnh b-c ren v l-ng chy dao
phi m bo ging nhau R
t
= R
s

Chy dao dc: S
d
=0,0542,8 (mm/v)
Chy dao ngang: S
ng
= 0,02541,4 (mm/v)
IV.c tr-ng ng lc hc my.
- thit k truyn dn nh gn kch th-c ph hp
m my vn bn khi lm vic mi tc v vy
phi chn ch ct ph hp. c tr-ng ng lc hc
ca my -c xc nh theo ch ct tnh ton c
ti trng v cng sut ln nht.
1. Ch ct tnh ton.
Chiu su ct tnh ton: -c xc nh theo biu
thc:
3
max 1
*
7 , 0 D t =
(mm)
Vi D
1max
=280 (mm) thay s
5 7 9 , 4 2 8 0 7 , 0
3 *
~ = t
(mm)
L-ng chy dao tnh ton:
-c xc nh theo biuthc:
3 , 0 . 4 , 0
* *
= t S
(mm/v)

532 , 1 3 , 0 579 , 4 . 4 , 0
*
= = S
(mm/v)
Tc ct tnh ton: -c xc nh theo biu thc
sau:
yv xv
v v
S t
K C
V
* *
*
.
.
=
(m/ph)
Tra bng: 4-58 [3] vi dao l thp gi v vt liu
gia cng c o
b 750 s
(N/mm
2
)
Ta -c: C
v
=50,2 ; K
v
=1,09
x
v
=0,25 ; y
v
=0,66
Thay s vo ta -c:
23 , 28
) 532 , 1 .( ) 579 , 4 (
09 . 1 . 2 , 50
66 , 0 25 , 0
*
= = V
(m/ph)

2. Lc ct.
Lc ct -c tnh ton theo cng thc bng 9[1]
P
x
*
= C
px
.t
*xpx
.S
*ypx

P
y
*
=C
py
.t
*xpy
.S
*ypy

P
*
z
=C
pz
.t
*xpz
.S
*ypz

Vi t
*
= 4,226 (mm) ; S
*
= 1,39 (mm/v)
C
px
=650 xpx=1,2 ypx=0,65

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17

C
py
=1250 xpy=0,9 ypy=0,75
C
pz
=2000 xpz=1 ypz=0,75
Thay s tm -c:
P
x
*
= 650.(4,579)
1,2
.(1,532)
0,65
= 5324,22 (N)
P
y
*
= 1250.(4,579)
0,9
.(1,532)
0,75
= 6769,36 (N)
P
z
*
= 2000.(4,579)
1
.(1,532)
0,75
=12610,86 (N)
3. M men xon ln nht.
4 , 1765520
2
280 86 , 12610
2
max 1
max
*
=
=
D P
M
z
x
(N.mm)
4. Cng sut ct.
933 , 5
10 . 60
23 , 28 86 , 12610
10 . 60
3 3
*
*
=
=
V P
N
z
c (kw)
5. Chn s b ng c.
chn la ph-ng n truyn dn ta cn xc nh
s b cng sut ng c v chn ng c cho my. Cng
sut ng c truyn dn chung cho c xch tc v
xch chy dao l
q
*
/
.
c
s c d
N
K N =

trong : K
s
= (1,0241,2) l h s k n cng sut
chy dao chn K
s
=1,2

) 85 , 0 75 , 0 ( = q
l h s hiu sut truyn dn;
chn
85 , 0 = q

thay s -c:
) ( 376 , 8
85 , 0
933 , 5
. 2 , 1
/
Kw N
c d
= =

Vy ta chn s b ng c khng ng b 3 pha ck
hiu DK62-4
N= 10(Kw) ; n=1460(v/ph)

Lp K35MA
18

Phn III :
Thit k ng hc my
A: hp tc
Hp tc trong my ct kim loi dng truyn lc
ct cho cc chi tit gia cng, c kch th-c, vt liu
khc nhau vi nhng ch ct cn thit. Thit k hp tc
yu cu phi m bo nhng ch tiu v k thut v kinh
t tt nht trong iu kin c th cho php. Hp tc
phi c kch th-c nh gn, hiu sut cao, tit kim
nguyn vt liu, kt cu c tnh cng ngh cao, lm vic
chnh xc, s dng bo qun d dng, an ton khi lm vic
...

I . Chn ph-ng n truyn dn.
1. Chn kiu truyn dn.
Khi chn ph-ng n truyn dn cn cn c vo phm vi
iu chnh, cng sut truyn, tr s tr-t, thun tin
iu khin, thay i tc nhanh, tnh cng ngh tt.
Vi my truyn ng chnh l quay c cng sut nh
hn 100KW, theo ENIMS nn dng truyn dn iu chnh
tc c kh gm mt ng c xoay chiu v mt hp
tc bnh rng.
2. B tr c cu truyn ng.
C hai ph-ng n b tr truyn dn nh- sau :
+ Ph-ng n 1: Hp tc v hp trc chnh chung
mt v
+ Ph-ng n 2 Hp tc tch ri hp trc
chnh
Trong hai ph-ng n trn, ph-ng n mt th-ng p
dng vi cc my c trung v ln, nh-ng yu cu

Lp K35MA
19

chnh xc khng cao ta chn ph-ng n 1. N c cc -u
im sau: Kt cu gn nh, gi thnh h, d tp chung
c cu iu khin to iu kin thun li cho vic
thc hin cc thao tc ca ng-i ng my.
Nh-c im: C th truyn dung ng trong hp tc
sang hp trc chnh, c th truyn nhit trong hp
tc sang hp trc chnh, kh dng truyn ng ai
cho trc chnh.
3. La chn b truyn cui cng.
B truyn cui cng c nh h-ng nhiu n ch
ct, iu ho chuyn ng, bng b mt gia
cng.
- Trc chnh quay vi tc 1600(v/ph) nn chn b
truyn cui cng l b truyn bnh rng. cho trc
chnh quay m vi tc vng ca bnh rng khng
qu ln v -ng knh bnh rng lp trn trc chnh
khng b hn -ng knh phi ln nht. Nu gi | | v l
tc vng cho php ca bnh rng th -ng knh ln
nht cho php ca bnh rng l:
| |
| |
| |
) / ( 66 , 26 ) / ( 1600
) / ( 9000 ) / ( 9
) ( 5 , 107
66 , 26 . 14 , 3
9000
.
max
max
max
s v ph v n
s mm s m v
mm
n
v
D
= =
= =
= = =
t

thy
| |
max 1 max
D D <
do vy ta s dng 2 bnh rng
dn ng cho trc chnh trn hai dy tc thp v
cao khc nhau.
II. Chn ph-ng n kt cu.
1. Chn dng kt cu.
Khi thit k my vic la chn kt cu n gin hay
phc tp cn cn c vo phm vi iu chnh yu cu,
cng dng ca my. Theo kinh nghim ca cc nh thit
k my, ch ra rng cu trc n gin -c s dng
khi phm vi iu chnh yu cu nh hn tr s ti
hn: R
n
s R
*

| |
n
i
n
R
R
R
*
2
= s

vi |R
i
| = 8 ; = 1,26 ; R
*
n
=50

Lp K35MA
20

mt khc
128
5 , 12
1600
min
max
= = =
n
n
R
n
vy c R
n
> R
n
*
nn chon kt cu phc tp, Z = Z
1
+ Z
2

Cu trc phc tp c -u im l:
M rng phm vi iu chnh
Rt ngn xnh truyn dn cc tc cao, dn
n gim -c tn tht ma st.
Nng cao hiu sut ca my, gim ti trng v kch
th-c b truyn, gim qun tnh quay.
2. Chn ph-ng n kt cu.
Ph-ng n kt cu -c biu din thng qua cng thc
kt cu:
k
m
k
p Z
H
=
=
1

trong : k- l trt t kt cu ca nhm ng hc
theo xch truyn ng.
P
k
-l b truyn trong nhm th t k.
m -l s nhm truyn.
Theo yu cu thit k c Z = 22 nh- phn tch
trn ta s dng cu trc nhn phc tp Mt khc khng
th phn tch Z = 22 = 211 (khng thc t) . tin
phn tch ta ly Z = 24 cp tc vi s ph-ng n
kt cu k
!
!
q
m
K =

m: l s nhm truyn bnh rng trong hp s tc :
m = 4
q: l s nhm c cng s l-ng b truyn ging nhau.
K: l ph-ng n thay i v tr ca cc nhm truyn

4
! 3
! 4
= = K
(ph-ng n)
v b tr theo cc ph-ng n sau:
Z = 2322 ;
Z = 2223
Z = 2232 ; Z =
3222
Cc ph-ng n trn -c gi l ph-ng n hp lv:
V s b truyn trong nhm P
k
=2; 3 m bo s b
truyn l nh nht. Trong bn ph-ng php trn m

Lp K35MA
21

bo iu kin trng l-ng truyn dn l nh nht P
1
>
P
2
> P
3
tc l cng v cui trc chnh s b truyn
l gim dn. Mt khc do tc quay gim dn lm
m men xon tng ln cc trc dn nn khi tnh
ton kt cu ca trc cng nh- trng l-ng ca n
cng tng dn ln m bm s phn b ca nhm
truyn trong hp v trng l-ng. V vy chn
ph-ng n tt nht l: Z = 3 2 2 2
Theo my c tr-c 16K20 cng chng loi, b
truyn tc thp b tr thm hai nhm truyn mi
nhm c duy nht mt b truyn gim tc s d
nh- vy l kt cu khng gian ca my hp l v
khi ct ren khuych i ng-i ta li dng on khc
nhau gia xch tc thp v xch tc cao to ra
nhm khuych i v th-ng trn trc u tin trong
hp tc c b tr ly hp ma st o chiu quay
ca trc chnh, v vy gim kch th-c chiu trc,
trnh gy yu trc ng-i ta b tr sao cho P
1
< P
2
tc
l P
1
=2 , P
2
=3 ta c
Z= 2322
Chn s trc ca ph-ng n kt cu S
T
= m+1 , m = 4
S
T
= 4+1 =5 (trc)
3. Chn ph-ong n ng hc my :
Ph-ng n ng hc my l ph-ng n v trt t thay
i cc b truyn trong nhm nhn -c dy tc
cho
Trong mt b truyn m c m nhm truyn th s c
m! ph-ng n thay i tr s vng quay. i vi hp
tc ca my cng c th t s truyn nn chn
trong gii hn: i
min
s i s i
max
;
i
min
= 1/4 ; i
max
= 2 ; 1/4
s i < 2
vy ta dng cu trc nhn phc tp m bo truyn
dn tc cao, mt khc do my c nhiu cp tc
nn ta tch lm 2 -ng truyn:
+ -ng truyn c tc cao: Z
1
=232
+ -ng truyn c tc chm: Z
2
=23211
ph-ng n th t hp l nht s l : x
1
<x
2
<x
3
<. . . <
x
n
v
x(p-1)
< 8
(vi x
i
=x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, . . . x
n
)

Lp K35MA
22

p - l s b truyn trong mi nhm.
-Vi -ng truyn tc cao : Z
1
= 232
Trt t ng hc l :
III II I
Z
6 2 1 1
2 3 2 =

kim tra li l-ng m ca nhm truyn m bo tr s
truyn 1/4s i s 2
Nhm I :
x(p-1)
= 1,26
1(2-1)
= 1,26 < 8
Nhm II :
x(p-1)
= 1,26
2(3-1)
= 2,56 < 8
Nhm III :
x(p-1)
= 1,26
6(2-1)
= 4 < 8
- -ng truyn tc thp trt t hp l l

1 1 2 3 2
6 2 1 2
=
III II I
Z

Vy ta -c ph-ng n Z = 24 . Vi yu cu thit k
l Z = 22 ta thy tng ln 2 cp tc m bo
yu cu thit k ta lm trng 2 tc , -ng
truyn tc cao do tin hnh gim c tnh ca
nhm truyn cui cng t x = 6 xung x = 4. Do :
III II I
Z
4 2 1 1
2 3 2 =

Vy ta c ph-ng n ng hc ca hp tc l:
Z
n
= 23(2+211) =
22 = Z
1
+ Z
2

III II I
Z
4 2 1 1
2 3 2 =

1 1 2 3 2
6 2 1 1
=
III II I
Z

4. L-i cu trc.
- T ph-ng n kt cu biu din l-i cu trc theo
nguyn tc i xng cho ta bit:
+ S l-ng nhm truyn.
+ S l-ng b truyn mi nhm.
+ Th t thay i ng hc, c tnh x v mi
lin h t s truyn mi nhm.
+ Phm vi iu chnh ca cc nhm truyn v b
truyn dn.
+ S cp tc ca trc dn v b dn ca mi
nhm truyn.
Tuy nhin thng qua l-i cu trc ny ta khng th
xc nh c th ga tr ca cc i l-ng v vy m
qua ch nh gi s b truyn dn, trong qu trnh

Lp K35MA
23

la chn ph-ng n truyn dn khc phc nh-c im
ny, ta i xy dng th vng quay ca my.
Ta c s l-i cu trc truyn ng nh- hnh v
(5)

5. th vng quay.
Mun xy dng -c th vng quay ta phi xc
nh -c s vng quay ca trc dn n
0
, mc nh l
to ra t s truyn gim dn v pha trc chnh nn
ta chn im u vo bt u t trc I.
S vng quay n
0
ca trc I xc nh nh- sau: T ng
c c n = 1460(v/ph) qua b truyn ai | 148/ | 268 c
t s truyn l 1,86 do tc ri trn trc I s
cn li l
) / ( 800
86 , 1
1460
ph v n ~ =
ta ly y lm im n
0
.
Chn cc t s truyn : Trong mi nhm ch cn mt t
s truyn c dc ca tia tu v phi m bo iu
kin t s truyn 1/4 < i < 2. Mt khc cc t s truyn
-c tiu chun ho thun tin trong vic tnh ton
thit k, chng ph thuc s b truyn p, c tnh x, ca
nhm v cng bi ca chui vng quay vng quay n c
dng:
i =
E

(E: nguyn v E > 0, E<0)
Do vy vi =1,26 ta c iu kin chn t s truyn
nh- sau :
2
4
1
s s i
3 6
s s
i

Lp K35MA
24

- Xch truyn ng nhanh: Z
1
= 2
1
I
3
2
II
2
4
III
ta chn
t s truyn nh- sau:
+ Nhm I : chn i
1
=
1
=1,26 =
4
5

+ Nhm II : chn i
5
= 4
1
=
4
26 , 1
1
=
5
2

+ Nhm III : chn i
11
=
3
1
=
3
26 , 1
1
=
2
1

- Xch truyn ng chm: Z
2
= 2
1
I
3
2
II
2
6
III
111
+ Nhm I : chn i
1
=
1
=1,26 =
4
5

+ Nhm II : chn i
5
= 4
1
=
4
26 , 1
1
=
5
2

+ Nhm III : chn i
7
=
6
1
=
6
26 , 1
1
=
4
1

- T s truyn ca -ng truyn n : i
8
=
6
1
=
6
26 , 1
1

=
4
1

i
9
=
3
1
=
3
26 , 1
1
=
2
1

Trong c hai xch truyn ng trn th cc t s
truyn t i
1
i
5
l dng chung cho c hai xch.
V th vng quay nh- hnh v: Da vo tc
vng quay trc I nh- chn n
0
= 800 (v/ph) v cc
t s truyn cn li trong cc nhm ( Xc nh bng
ph-ng php gii theo l-i cu trc)
S cp tc chung cho c truyn dn Z = 22 (t
n
1
=12,5 (v/ph) n n
22
= 1600(v/ph))
S cp tc trng z = 2 ( n
17
= 500 v/ph v n
8
=630
v/ph )
- th vng quay cho ph-ng n:
22 ) 1 1 2 2 ( 3 2
6 4 2 1
= + =
II I
n
Z

III II I
Z
4 2 1 1
2 3 2 =

1 1 2 3 2
6 2 1 2
=
III II I
Z

th vng quay -c v nh- hnh 6

Lp K35MA
25

III. Tnh ton ng hc bnh rng.
1. Ph-ng n tnh.
C s tnh ton ng hc bnh rng l xc nh
s rng Z ca cc bnh rng sao cho m bo t s
truyn chn. Trong mt nhm truyn cc bnh
rng n khp -c th cc bnh rng phi c cng
modul vi nhau, trong nhng nhm truyn c l-ng m

Lp K35MA
26

ln do chu lc ct ca bnh rng khc nhau nhiu
gia cc b truyn, nn c th s dng nhng gi tr
modul khc nhau cho mt nhm truyn. Trong hp tc
khi ta thay i tc ca trc chnh s dng khi
bnh rng di tr-t th dng bnh rng thng. C th
tnh s rng ca tng nhm bng nhiu ph-ng n nh- :
Ph-ng n gii tch, tra bng hay tnh gn ng.
- Tnh s rng ca cc bnh rng thng trong mt nhm
truyn c cng mdul.
Z
j
=
j j
j
b a
a
+
.E.K ; Z
j
' =
j j
j
b a
b
+
.E.K
Trong : Z
j
v Z
/
j
l s rng ca cc bnh dn v b
dn ca cp th j trong nhm.
S
z
- tng s rng ca b truyn. S
z
=
E.K
i
j
- t s truyn ca b truyn th j
.
a
j ,
b
j
l cc s nguyn n gin.
c cu nh gn trong truyn dn chnh ng-i ta gi
hn S
z
s 100 120 rng.
khi b ct chn rng s rng ti thiu ca bnh
rng Z
min
=18 20 rng. i khi ly Z
min
=14 rng.
E l nhng s nguyn d-ng v
cc Z
j
v Z
j
' bng hoc ln hn Z
min
cho php . V vy
cn phi tnh E
min
cho tng tr-ng hp c th.
+ Nu bnh rng nh nht Z
min
l bnh rng ch ng ( i
j
< 1 ) th:
Z
j
=
j j
j
b a
a
+
.E
min
.K > z
min
Vy : E
min
=
min
.
.
z
K a
b a
j
j j
+

+ Nu bnh rng nh Z
min
ng vai tr b ng ( i
j
> 1
) th
Z
j
' =
j j
j
b a
b
+
.E
min
.K > Z
min
V E
min
> min
.
.
z
K b
b a
j
j j
+

Cc tr s E
min
v E
min
tnh ra th-ng l s l cn phi
quy trn ln pha trn
Nu s rng ca cc bnh rng tnh ra c S
z
> S
z max
cn
phi iu chnh li, bng cch gim bt tr s K v

Lp K35MA
27

chu sai s t s truyn i A ( % 2 < Ai ). C hai ph-ng
php gim tr s K:
+ Phn tch li t s truyn c
j j
b a +
lm cho K
ln, sau tnh li K v E
min
,chn li E , tnh li
Z
j
v Z
j
' .
+ b bt tha s ca K ri tnh li nh- trn song
lc ny Z
j
v Z
j
' tnh ra th-ng b l ,sau khi quy
trn th khong cch trc A ca cc b truyn ny s
b thay i, do phi dch chnh cc cp bnh rng.
* Tnh s rng ca cc bnh rng thng trong cng
mt nhm truyn c modul khc nhau.
Trong tr-ng hp ny :
j
Z
m
A
S
j
2
=

V : Z
j
=
j j j
j
m
A
b a
a
2
.
+
; Z
j

=
j j j
j
m
A
b a
b
2
.
+

V 2A = const nn cc Z
j
v Z
j
khi tnh ra c th l
s l , ta phi quy trn v dch chnh bnh rng.
S rng ca cc bnh rng ch nguyn khi : 2A = E. m
j

(
j j
b a +
)
Do 2A s l bi s chung nh nht ca cc m
j

(
j j
b a +
). Nu bi s chung nh nht ny qu ln th
ly bi s chung nh nht ca cc m
j
. Sau khi nhn
bi s chung nh nht ny vi mt s nguyn ta ly
kt qu lm 2A .

j
z
m
A
S
2
= l s nguyn , nh-ng s rng Z
j
=
j j j
j
m
A
b a
a
2
.
+

; Z
j
=
j j j
j
m
A
b a
b
2
.
+
c th l s l phi quy trn v
dch chnh rng nu cn thit .
2. Tnh s rng cho php cc cu trc truyn dn
a. Tnh ton nhm truyn I (chung cho c hai xch
truyn ng chm v nhanh.
Nhm c hai t s truyn l :
13
17
26 , 1
1
1 1
1
= = = =
b
a
i

30
1 1
= + b a

Lp K35MA
28

17
28
26 , 1
2
2 2 2
2
= = = =
b
a
i

45
2 2
= + b a

Bi s chung nh nht K = 2.3
2
.5 = 90
Ta thy i > 1 nn bnh nh ng vai tr b ng
ta c :
min min
.
.
Z
K b
b a
E
j
j j
+
= '
mt khc thy i
2
c nghing
ln hn v l tng tc nn
min
2
2 2
min
.
.
Z
K b
b a
E
+
= '
v Z
min
= 18 (
rng )
thay s -c :

1
90 . 17
45 18
min
<
= ' E
vy chn 1
min
= ' E s rng ca cc
bnh rng l :

51 90 .
30
17
1
= = Z
( rng ) ;
39 90 .
30
13
1
= = ' Z
(rng )

56 90 .
45
28
2
= = Z
(rng ) ;
34 90 .
45
17
2
= = ' Z
( rng )
vy s rng l Z
1
= 51 ( rng ) ; Z
1
= 39 (
rng )
Z
2
=56 ( rng ) ; Z
2
= 34 ( rng
)
b .Tnh ton cho nhm truyn II ( chung cho c 2 xch
truyn ng chm v nhanh )
Nhm c 3 t s truyn :
5
5 0
3
1
1
1
b
a
i = = = =
2 1 1
3 3
= + = + b a

4
4
2 2
4
47
29
26 , 1
1 1
b
a
i = = = =
76 47 29
4 4
= + = +b a

3
3
4 4
5
55
21
26 , 1
1 1
b
a
i = = = =
76 55 21
5 5
= + = +b a
vy BSCNN, K = 76
Ta thy i < 1 nn bnh nh ng vai tr ch ng ta
c :
min min
.
.
Z
K a
b a
E
j
j j
+
= '
mt khc thy i
5
c nghing ln
hn v l gim tc nn
min
5
5 5
min
.
.
Z
K b
b a
E
+
= '
v Z
min
= 18 ( rng )
thay s -c :

Lp K35MA
29

76 21
18 76
min
= ' E < 1vy chn 1

min
= ' E s rng ca cc bnh
rng l :
38 76 .
2
1
3
= = Z
(rng) ;
38 76 .
2
1
3
= = ' Z
(rng)
29 76 .
76
29
4
= = Z (rng) ;
47 76 .
76
47
4
= = ' Z (rng)

21 76 .
76
21
5
= = Z
(rng) ;
55 76 .
76
55
5
= = ' Z
(rng)
vy s rng ca cc bnh rng l :
Z
3
= 29 ( rng ) ; Z
4
= 21 ( rng ) ; Z
5
= 38
( rng )
Z
3
= 47 ( rng ) ; Z
4
= 55 ( rng ) ; Z
5
= 38
( rng )
c . Tnh ton cho nhm truyn III ( -ng truyn
nhanh ).
Nhm c hai t s truyn l :
4
5
26 , 1
1
10
= = = i
> 1

2
1
26 , 1
1 1
3 3
11
= = =
i
< 1
V hai t s truyn qu chnh lch trnh b
truyn c kch th-c ln ta dng b truyn c modul
khc nhau. T s truyn : i
10
c m
10
= 2,5 ; i
11
c m
11

= 3
Ph-ng n ny s c mt tc cao v mt tc
thp, iu kin nhm truyn lm vic -c l:
=
=
11
10
. 2
. 2
11
10
Z
Z
S m A
S m A

c :
5
6
5 , 2
3
10
11
11
10
= = =
m
m
S
S
Z
Z

do c :
70
35
60
30
32
16
30
15
2
1
11
= = = = = i

chn
90
11
=
Z
S
(rng)
= '
=
60
30
11
11
Z
Z
(rng)
Chn S
Z10
=
5
6
S
Z11
=
5
6
90 = 108 (rng) Z
10
= 60
(rng) ; Z
10
/
= 48 (rng)
vy s rng ca bnh rng l:

Lp K35MA
30

Z
11
= 30 (rng) ; Z
11
'
= 60 (rng)
Z
10
= 60 (rng) ; Z
10
/
= 48 (rng)
d . Tnh ton cho nhm truyn III ( -ng truyn
chm)
nhm c 2 t s truyn :
1
0
6
= = i

4
1
26 , 1
1 1
6 6
7
= = =
i

V hai t s truyn qu chnh lch trnh b
truyn c kch th-c ln ta dng b truyn c modul
khc nhau. T s truyn : i
6
c m
6
= 2,5: i
7
c m
7
= 3
t iu kin lp c cng khong cch trc A = const

=
=
7
6
. 2
. 2
7
6
Z
Z
S m A
S m A

t h thc trn ta c :
6
5
3
5 , 2
7
6
6
7
= = =
m
m
S
S
Z
Z

mt khc c
88
22
84
21
80
20
60
15
4
1 1
6
7
= = = = = =
i

chn
60
15
7
= i 75
7
=
Z
S
Z
7
= 15 (rng) ; Z
7
/
= 60
(rng)
m :
90
5
6 . 75
.
6
7
7
6
= = =
m
m S
S
Z
Z chn : Z
9
= Z
9
/
= 45 (rng)
e . Tnh ton cho -ng truyn n : Nhm c t s
truyn :
72
18
68
17
60
15 1
6
8
= = = =
i
Chn Z
8
= 18 (rng) ; Z
8
/
=72 (rng) Vy c :
72
18
8
= i

f . Nhm truyn n c t s truyn:
70
35
48
24
60
30
40
20
2
1 1
3
9
= = = = = =
i

chn : Z
9
= 30 ; z
9
/
=60 vy -c
60
30
9
= i

3. Tnh ton ng hc b truyn ai
B truyn ai th-ng truyn chuyn ng t ng
c n hp tc ( trc cng tc). N c -u im l
truyn ng gia hai trc xa nhau, c kh nng phng
qu ti, kt cu n gin, r tin. C nh-c im l
cng knh, gy tr-t khi truyn ng . . .
Chn kiu ai c thit din E = 138 mm
2

Lp K35MA
31

-ng knh bnh nh : D
1
= 140 280 . Chn D
1
= 145
mm
-ng knh bnh ln : D
2
= D
1
(1- )i = D
1
(1- )
1
/
n
n
c d

Trong : = 0,02 thay s -c

) ( 268
800
1460
) 02 , 0 1 ( 145
2
mm D = =

Kim tra ai theo iu kin

| | ) / )( 35 30 (
10 . 60
. .
max
3
/ 1
s m v
n D
V
c d
= s =
t

| |
max
3
07 , 11
10 . 60
1460 . 145 . 14 , 3
v V < = =
tho mn
4. Kim tra sai s vng quay v iu kin lm vic.
Trong qu trnh tnh ton s rng ca cc bnh rng
do phn tch
j
j
j
b
a
i =
. Mt khc khi tnh ton Z
j
v Z
j
/

cng c nhng sai s, nu s vng quay ca trc cui
( trc chnh) c th c nhng sai lch so vi s vng
quay tiu chun. V vy phi kim tra sai s vng
quay ca trc chnh.
kim tra tr-c ht phi tnh s vng quay thc t
n
tt
ca trc cui cng ( trc chnh) t n
1
n
Z
bng
cch vit ph-ng trnh xch ng:
d v /c j
. .i n n
j
d
=
(v/ph)
n
j
l tc th j ( j = 122)
n
/c
l tc ca ng c (v/ph)
i
vj
l t s truyn ca hp tc t ng c n trc
chnh
q
d
l h s tr-t ca ai.
Sai s vng quay tnh theo biu thc:
% 100 .
/
/
c t
c t tt
n
n
n n
= A

n
tt
l s vng quay thc t ca trc cui (v/ph)
n
t/c
l s vng quay tiu chun ly theo bng.
Sai s A
n
phi lm trong phm vi cho php
| | )% 1 ( 10 = A s A
n n

| | % 6 , 2 )% 1 26 , 1 ( 10 = = A
n

Lp K35MA
32

Sau khi tnh ton v kim tra ta c bng sai s vng
quay nh- sau:
STT
Ph-ng Trnh Xch ng
n
tt
n
t/c
An%
n1 60
30
72
18
60
15
55
21
39
51
985 , 0
268
145
1460

12,41
12,
5
-
0,72
n2
60
30
72
18
60
15
55
21
34
56
985 , 0
268
145
1460

15,92 16
-
0,5
n3 60
30
72
18
60
15
47
29
39
51
985 , 0
268
145
1460

19,62 20
-
1,9
n4 60
30
72
18
60
15
47
29
34
56
985 , 0
268
145
1460

24,71 25
-
1,16
n5
60
30
72
18
60
15
38
38
39
51
985 , 0
268
145
1460

31,79
31,
5
0,92
n6 60
30
72
18
60
15
38
38
34
56
985 , 0
268
145
1460

40,05 40
0,12
5
n7 60
30
72
18
45
45
55
21
39
51
985 , 0
268
145
1460

49,56 50
-
0,88
n8
60
30
72
18
45
45
55
21
34
56
985 , 0
268
145
1460

62,16 63
-
1,33
n9
60
30
72
18
45
45
47
29
34
51
985 , 0
268
145
1460

78,47 80
-
1,91
3
n1
0
60
30
72
18
45
45
47
29
34
56
985 , 0
268
145
1460

98,84 100
-
1,16

Lp K35MA
33

n1
1
60
30
72
18
45
45
38
38
39
51
985 , 0
268
145
1460

127,1
8
125
1,74
4
n1
2
60
30
72
18
45
45
38
38
34
56
985 , 0
268
145
1460

160,1
9
160
0,11
9
n1
3
60
30
15
21
39
51
985 , 0
268
145
1460

199,2
5
200
-
0,37
5
n1
4
60
30
55
21
34
56
985 , 0
268
145
1460

246,6
6
250
-
1,33
6
n1
5
60
30
47
29
39
51
985 , 0
268
145
1460

314 315
-
0,31
7
n1
6
60
30
47
29
34
56
985 , 0
268
145
1460

395,3 400
-
1,17
5
n1
7
60
30
38
38
39
51
985 , 0
268
145
1460

508,7 500 1,74
n1
8
60
30
38
38
34
56
985 , 0
268
145
1460

640,7 630
0,16
9
n1
9
48
60
47
29
39
51
985 , 0
268
145
1460
784,7
6
800
-
1,90
5
n2
0
48
60
47
29
34
56
985 , 0
268
145
1460

988,4
2
100
0
-
1,15

Lp K35MA
34

8
n2
1
48
60
38
38
39
51
985 , 0
268
145
1460

1271,
8
125
0
1,74
4
n2
2
48
60
38
38
34
56
985 , 0
268
145
1460
1602
160
0
0,12
5

5 . Kim tra iu kin di tr-t ca khi bnh rng 3
bc :
Hp tc ca my thit k c mt nhm truyn
gm 3 cp tc nhm truyn II. Dovy ta b tr 3
cp tc trn mt cp bnh rng di tr-t ba bc
v b tr chung hai trc II v III.

Khi bnh rng 3bc c bnh ln gia, bnh b
hai bn. di tr-t -c th nh ca cc bnh bn
khng nh ra qu vng chn ca bnh rng gia mt tr
s ln hn khe h ca nh rng C = 0,25.m
Trong : m l muyn ca rng

Lp K35MA
35

iu kin di tr-t: D
a
1
<
D
c
5

D
c
1
+ 2mf
o
< D
c
5
+ 2m.(f
o
+ C
o
)
m.Z
1
+ 2mf
o
< m.Z
5
+ 2m (f
o
+ C
0
)
Z
5
Z
1
> 2f
o
+ 2 (f
o
+ C
0
).
Vi : f
o
l h s chiu cao rng, f
o
= 1
C
o
l h s khe h chn rng,
C
o
= 0.25
.
.
0,35
Chn C
o
= 0,35 Z
5
- Z
1
> 5.
Ta c: Z
5
= 55 , Z
1
= 47
Z
5
- Z
1
= 55 47 =8 > 5
Do vy tho mn iu kin di tr-t ca khi
bnh rng 3 bc.

B. Thit k hp chy dao
I. Nhng la chn chung
1.Chn c tnh chy dao.
So vi hp tc hp chy dao c c im sau y:
+ Cng sut truyn b, th-ng ch bng t 5 10% cng
sut truyn ng chnh.
+Tc lm vic thp hn so vi hp tc .
Do hai nguyn nhn trn trong hp chy dao c th
dng cc c cu gim tc nhiu v hiu sut thp nh-
vt me- ai c, trc vt- bnh vt, bnh rng thanh
rng .
Theo yu cu cn thit k th my phi ct -c cc
loi ren ( Quc t, modul, ren Anh, ren pt ) do
hp chy dao phi m bo t s truyn chnh xc
ct -c phi chnh xc . c tr-ng ca my l dng
gia cng cc chi tit my v gia cng ren -c
tiu chun ho . Nh- vy nu t s truyn thc t ca
hp chy dao m c sai s so vi tnh ton th n s
nh h-ng trc tip ti chnh xc ca hp xe dao .

Lp K35MA
36

2.Chn c cu iu chnh .
Trong my tin ren vt dng c cu Noc tng lm
nhm c s bo m t s truyn chnh xc, n gin
h thng iu khin nh-ng phi ch ti cc bin
php kt cu lm tng cng vng.
lm nhm c s ca my tin ren vt cng c th
dng nhm bnh rng di tr-t , lc ny cng vng
kh cao nh- tnh ton n bo m t s truyn
chnh xc c kh khn hn v h thng iu khin cn
nhiu cng gt .
dng lm nhm khuch i ca my tin ren vt c
th dng bnh rng di tr-t c cu Meanra, -u im
l iu khin bng mt tay gt , chiu di b, xong
lp t kh khn, hiu sut thp nn ng-i ta t dng
hn loi bnh rng di tr-t
C cu then ko c -u im l gn, iu khin n
gin song cng vng km , kh nng truyn ti km
.
C cu bnh rng thay th -c s dng nhiu trong
cc hp chy dao ca cc my chuyn mn ho dng
trong sn xut hng lot v hng khi
Qua phn tch trn ta la chn nhm bnh rng di
tr-t cho nhm c s v khuych i cho my tin ren
vt cn thit k v n c cc -u nh-c im sau:
+ u im : C cng vng cao, cng sut truyn
dn ln, hiu sut truyn dn cao, ch to n gin .
+ Nh-c im : Kch th-c h-ng trc ln, kch th-c
-ng knh trc ln
Vi -u im ta chn c cu iu chnh ca hp chy
dao l c cu bnh rng di tr-t khi thay i loi
ren ta thay i bnh rng thay th . gim bt s
l-ng bnh rng thay th ta dng bin php o h-ng
truyn trong nhm c s tin ren mt sang ren Anh.

II. Thit k hp chy dao.
Hp chy dao c hai cng dng l chy dao tin ren
v chy dao tin trn. Nh-ng khi thit k ta ch yu
thit k cho chy dao tin ren ( Ren tiu chun ).
Nhn chung cc b-c tin trn kh dy c v vy
chy dao tin ren ta dng c cu vt me-ai c, cn
chy dao tin trn ta dng c cu bnh rng thanh
rng.

Lp K35MA
37

Nu gi : t
vm
: l b-c ca vt me
t : l b-c ren cn ct
i : l t s truyn gia trc chnh v
trc vt me
Vy ta c ph-ng trnh ct ren l :
1vtc i t
vm
= t (mm)
vm
t
t
i =

Theo cng thc c bn thit k hp chy dao l :
i = i
c
i
cs
i
gb
=
vm
t
t

Trong : i
c
: L t s truyn c nh b vo xch
ng
i
cs
: L t s truyn ca nhm c s
i
gb
: L t s truyn ca nhm gp bi
+ Cc b-c tin hnh tnh ton : Xp bng ren.

Thit k nhm c s.

Thit k nhm gp bi.

Thit k nhm b.

Kim tra li b-c ren theo yu cu.
Theo yu cu k thut th my thit k ra phi ct
-c cc loi ren: Ren quc t, ren modul, ren Anh,
ren pt.
Ren quc t v ren modul gi l ren h mt .
+ Ren quc t -c c tr-ng bng chiu di b-c ren
t (mm), gc nh ren. o = 60
o
n -c dng kp
cht.
+ Ren modul -c o bng s modul m, n -c dng lm
ren ca trc vt
+ Ren Anh v ren pt -c gi l ren h Anh
Ren Anh -c o bng s vng ren (n) trn mt tc Anh
(1 inse = 25,4mm) loi ny dng kp cht gc
nh o = 55
o
.
Ren pt (p) n -c o bng s modul trong mt tc
Anh n -c dng truyn ng .
Cc cng thc tnh b-c ren ca cc loi ren
tiu chun:

Lp K35MA
38

Loi ren S o B-c ren (mm)
Ren quc t t t
Ren modul m t = t. m
Ren Anh n
n
t
4 , 25
=
Ren pt p
p
t
t . 4 , 25
=

Chn theo my c tr-c 16K20 -c :
Ren quc t : t = 0,5 112
Ren modul : m = 0,5 112
Ren Anh : n = 56 0,25
Ren Pt P = 56 0,25
Thng th-ng ng-i ta tiu chun ho ren theo cp bi
l 2, ngha l nu c mt b-c ren t th c mt b-c
ren tiu chun l 2t cn cc b-c ren thit k l nh-
nhau, c tnh cht ri rc theo cp s cng vi cng
sai no . Vy truyn dn chy dao ca my tin cn
c cc nhm c bn sau:
- Nhm c s: Nhm ny c tr-ng cho tnh cht cc
b-c ren tiu chun lin tip nhau phn b theo cp
s cng.
- Nhm gp bi: Nhm ny c tr-ng cho tnh cht cc
b-c ren tiu chun gp i nhau, v vy t s truyn
ca nhm ny tun theo cp s nhn vi cng bi =2
tr s c th ph thuc vo vic chn t s truyn c
s .
- Nhm b: l nhm dng iu khin li -ng
truyn tc l b li sai s ca -ng truyn khi ct
cc loi ren khc nhau.
- Nhm o chiu: L nhm dng ct ren phi v
ren tri .
Trong thc t ct -c cc b-c ren khc nhau trn
cng mt my th ng-i ta cn dng thm b truyn
bnh rng thay th. Khi ct ren b-c ln th dng
thm b truyn bnh rng thay th v dng thm nhm
truyn khuch i.

Lp K35MA
39

Nh- vy ph-ng trnh ct ren t-ng ng l:
+ Ren quc t :
1vtc ( i
tt
)
t
i
c
i
cs
i
gb
t
vm
= t
+ Ren modul:
1vtc i
tt
i
c
i
cs
i
gb
t
vm
= t.m
+ Ren Anh:
1vtc ( i
tt
)
t
( i
c
)
A

cs
i
1
i
gb
t
vm
=
n
4 , 25

+ Ren pt:
1vtc ( i
tt
)
t
( i
c
)
A

cs
i
1
i
gb
t
vm
=
p
t . 4 , 25

T cc ph-ng trng trn ta thy:
+ Tr s ca ren lun t l vi i
cs

+ Cc loi ren trong cng mt h th s dng mt
t s truyn c nh (i
c
)
+ Ren modul v ren pt dng chung mt i
tt

+ Ren quc t v ren Anh dng chung mt ( i
tt
)
t

1.Xp bng ren.
-Vi cc b-c ren nh- yu cu ca my ra ta tin
hnh sp xp thnh bng gm cc hng v ct sao cho:
+ Cc b-c ren theo hng to thnh cp s nhn c
cng bi = 2.
+ Cc b-c ren theo ct to thnh cp s cng vi
cng sai no .
- C hai kiu b tr xch truyn ct cc loi ren :
+ Khng i h-ng -ng truyn trong nhm c s
khi i h ren.
+ C i h-ng truyn trong nhm c khi i h
ren.
tit kim bnh rng v kch th-c my ta dng mt
nhm c s trong cc xch ct ren khc nhau tc l ta
chn ph-ng n c i -ng truyn trong nhm c s
khi i h ren.
- sp xp bng ren theo nguyn tc sau:
Vi ren quc t v ren modul ga tr ca t,m -c sp
xp theo t l thun vi i
cs
v i
gb
.

Lp K35MA
40

Vi ren Anh v
ren pt gi
tr ch s ca
n,p t l
thun vi i
cs
v i
gb
.
V trong nhm
c s c i
-ng truyn
khi chuyn t
t ren h mt
sang ren h
Anh, th ren
h mt c b-c ren t
min
t ( 1,1 ) cn ren h Anh
c tr s n
min
t (1,n). Vy c s xp ren theo
bng :

-Khi sp xp bng ren cn ch :
+S hng khng ln hn 10.
+S ct khng ln hn 4.
a.Bng ren quc t v ren modul.
Ren tiu chun Ren khuych i
0,5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64
_ 1,25 2,5 5 10 20 40 80
0,75 1,5 3 6 12 24 48 96
_ 1,75 3,5 7 14 28 56 112

b. Bng ren Anh v ren Pit.

Ren tiu chun Ren khuych i
i -ng truyn trong nhm c s
H mt H Anh
(1,1)

(1,n)

Lp K35MA
41

32 16 8 4 2 1 0,5 0,25
40 20 10 5 2,5 1,25 _ _
48 24 12 6 3 1,5 0.75 _
56 28 14 7 3,5 1,75 _ _

2. Thit k nhm c s.
Trong nhm c s ta dng khi bnh rng di tr-t
m bo thc hin ng t s truyn ca nhm , ta d
nh nhm gm hai trc mi trc cha nhiu nht 4
bnh rng v nhm dng bnh rng di tr-t c kch
th-c h-ng trc ln b truyn nh gn hp l to
iu kin gim ti thiu s l-ng bnh rng ta dng
chung mt vi bnh rng chn cc gia tr modul khc
nhau v dch chnh sao cho mt bnh rng c th n
khp vi nhiu bnh rng m b truyn vn hp l.
a. Xc nh t s truyn.
Da vo ph-ng trnh iu chnh nhm c s:
i
CS1
: i
CS2
: i
CS3
: i
CS4
= t
CS1
: t
CS2
: t
CS3
: t
CS4

chn ct s (4) lm ct c s ( v n c b-c ren
lin tip nhau) .
Chn i
CS2
= 1 ta c :
i
CS1
=4/5 ; i
CS2
= 5/5 ; i
CS3
= 6/5 ;
i
CS4
= 7/5
Trong nhm c s s dng dch chnh rng m
bo khong cch trc . Tuy nhin mun m bo t s
truyn hon ton ng vi i
CS
ta c th dng nhiu
loi modul khc nhau to ra nhiu s rng khc
nhau sau ta chn s rng thnh hp.
b. Xc nh s rng trong mt nhm c s.
V t s truyn ca hp chy dao yu cu phi chnh
xc nn y ta khng th dng cch tnh BSCNN nh-
tnh s rng ca hp tc . y ta dng cc
cp bnh rng thng mdul khc nhau.
Chn khong cch trc A= 63 (mm) vy c S
Z
= 2A/m
(1)
Chn modul 3 1 = m (mm) . thay ln l-t cc gi tr m
1
=
1,5 ; m
2
= 1,75 ;

Lp K35MA
42

m
3
=2 ; m
4
= 2,25 vo ph-ng trnh (1) -c:
vi m
1
= 1,5 S
z
= 84
m
2
= 1,75 S
z
= 72
m
3
=2 S
z
= 63
m
4
= 2,25 S
z
= 56
Tnh ton cc gi tr khc t-ng t. Vy ta lp
-c nh- sau:
S
z
m i
cs
4/5 5/5 6/5 7/5
84 1,5 _ _ _ _
72 1,75 32/40 36/36 _ 42/30
63 2 28/35 _ _ _
56 2,25 _ 28/28 30/25 _
T bng trn ta chn nhng cp c cng modul v chung
t s v mu s ghp thnh i sao cho i c
t nht 3 bnh rng li to -c cc t s truyn
khc nhau.
Vy ta c cc cp sau :

35
28
5
4
1
= =
CS
i
;
25
30
5
6
3
= =
CS
i

28
28
5
5
2
= =
CS
i
;
30
42
5
7
4
= =
CS
i

Ngoi ra ta cn thit k thm cc li hp bo m t
s truyn i = 1 (chn tu sao cho thch hp nht).
3. Thit k nhm truyn gp bi.
Nhm gp bi to ra 4 t s truyn c cng bi = 2.
Nh- bit tr s ca nhm gp bi ph thuc vo
vic nhm truyn t s truyn ca nhm c s do
vic tnh ton nhm gp bi phi ph hp vi khong
cch trc.
1
1
:
2
1
:
4
1
:
8
1
8 : 4 : 3 : 2 : 1 : : :
4 3 2 1
= =
gb gb gb gb
i i i i

a. Chn ph-ng n kt cu v ng hc.
Ta c ph-ng n b tr truyn dn Z = 4, v hp chy
dao t pha tr-c ca my nn kch th-c ngang ca
hp cng b cng tt. Ta cho tm trc ca hai nhm

Lp K35MA
43

trng nhau, nng cao tnh cng ngh ca hp
gim kch th-c ca hp ta dng
ph-ng n kt cu : Z = 2 2
ph-ng n ng hc : Z = 2
1
I
2
2
II

V khong cch trc ph thuc vo i
cs
nn trnh s
chnh lch qu ln gia hai cp bnh rng ta phi c
t s truyn thay i t t.
Theo ph-ng n ny ta chn : i
gb max
= 1
i
gb min
=1/8
Do vy :
1
1
:
2
1
:
4
1
:
8
1
: : :
4 3 2 1
=
gb gb gb gb
i i i i

Suy ra v -c l-i cu trc v th vng quay l:

Tham kho my c tr-c 16k20 c :
16
5
5
2
8
1
1
= =
gb
i ;
4
5
5
2
2
1
3
= =
gb
i

16
5
5
4
4
1
2
= =
gb
i ;
4
5
5
4
1
1
4
= =
gb
i
b. Tnh s rng ca cc bnh rng trong nhm.
+ S rng ca nhm th nht

1
1
5
4
1
b
a
i
gbI
= = 9
1 1
= + b a

2
2
5
2
2
b
a
i
gbI
= = 7
2 2
= + b a

C BSCNN : K =63
C
1
63 . 2
18 . 7
min
min
= =
+
=
K
Z
a
b a
E
i
i i
Chn E
min
= 1

28
5 4
63 . 4
1
=
+
= Z
(rng)
35
5 4
63 . 5
1
=
+
= ' Z
(rng)

Lp K35MA
44

18
5 2
63 . 2
2
=
+
= Z
(rng)
45
5 2
63 . 5
2
=
+
= ' Z

(rng)
S rng ca nhm th II tnh t-ng t nh- i vi
nhm I vy c :
Z
3
= 35 (rng) ; Z
4
= 15 (rng)
Z
3
/
= 28 (rng) ; Z
4
/
= 48 (rng)
So snh s rng Z
1
/
v Z
2
/
vi Z
3
v Z
3
/
ta thy: Z
1
/
=
Z
3
=35 . Ta ly cp bnh rng ny dng chung cho hai
b truyn nn.

48
15
45
18
16
5
5
2
8
1
1
= = =
gb
i

48
15
35
28
16
5
5
4
4
1
2
= = =
gb
i

28
35
45
18
4
5
5
2
2
1
3
= = =
gb
i

28
35
35
28
4
5
5
4
1
1
4
= = =
gb
i

4. Thit k nhm b.
Nhm b gm cc khu c nh do cc b truyn n,
bnh rng thay th v nhm o chiu to ra, trn c
s thit k nhm b l ph-ng trnh lin kt ng
hc.
1VTC i
b
i
CS
i
gb
t
vm
= t
Trong :
+ i
b
: t s truyn ca nhm b
+ i
CS
: t s truyn ca nhm c s
+ i
gb
: t s truyn ca nhm gp bi
+ t
vm
: b-c vt me
+ t : b-c ren cn ct
t ph-ng trnh trn ta c: cd tt
vm tt cs
b
i i
t i i
t
i =

=

Khi tin ren trong cng bng th i
p
= const, do
vy tnh i
b
ta chn tr-c mt b-c ren no trong
bng ct th. Khi ny th i
csi
v i
gbi
v t
vm
-c
xc nh. V -ng truyn khi tin ren h mt khc
vi -ng truyn khi tin ren h Anh nn.

vm gbi csi
ij
bM
t i i
t
i

=
1 (ct ren quc t)

Lp K35MA
45

vm gbi csi
ij
bM
t i i
m
i

=
.
2
t
(ct ren mdul)

vm ij gbi
csi
bA
t n i
i
i

=
4 , 25
1
(ct ren Anh)

vm ij gbi
csi
bA
t P i
i
i

=
. . 4 , 25
2
t
(ct ren Pit)
Ta thy c bn t s truyn i
b
khc nhau khi tin
4 loi ren khc nhau. Lc ny cng thc kt cu ca
nhm b l : Z
b
= Z
tt
Z
c

Trong : Z
tt
: t s truyn khu thay th
Z
c
: t s truyn khu c nh
Nh- vy ta b tr s ca xnh chy dao nh- sau:

Khi ct chnh xc ta ng cc li hp M
1
v M
4
.
i
tt1
dng tin ren quc t v ren Anh.
i
tt2
dng tin ren modul v ren Pit ( n dng kh
s t trong cng thc tnh ton)
tnh ta c cng thc : cd tt b
i i i . =

Ta ct th ren no .
+ gi s ta ct th ren quc t c t = 4(mm)
c t
vm
=12 ; tra bng ren quc t ta -c : i
gb
=1 ;
i
cs
=28/35
vy -c:

12
5
1 .
35
28
. 12
4
. .
= = =
gb cs vm
b
i i t
t
i

Tham kho my c tr-c 16K20 chn :
28
28
45
30
=
cd
i

Lp K35MA
46

12
5
1
=
cd tt
i i

28
28
45
30
12
5
. 12
5
1

= =
cd
tt
i
i

64
40
8
5
1
= =
tt
i

+ Khi ct ren Anh theo -ng truyn khc nu phi
tnh li cc gi tr i
cd
A
nh- sau
ct th ren Anh vi: n = 8
175 , 3
8
4 , 25 4 , 25
= = =
n
t

Tra bng ren Anh tm -c :
28
35
4
5
= =
cs
i
;
2
1
=
gb
i

vy c :

8 35 12
64 28 4 , 25
8
2
1
28
35
12
4 , 25 4 , 25
1

=

=

= =
n i i t
i i i
gb cs vm
cd tt b

33
30
34
38
45
30
40 4 35 12
64 28 4 , 25
1
=

= =
tt
b A
cd
i
i
i

Hai gi tr trn khi ct ren quc t v ren Anh
thy c cp 30/40 c th dng chung -c. Nn ta dng
chung cp ny.
Tnh i
b
khi ct ren Pit v ren modul quc t nh-ng ch
thay i i
tt
.
Ct th ren modul c m=4 (mm)
Tra bng c :
5
4
=
cs
i
; i
gb
= 1 ;
28
28
45
30
=
cd
i

C :
1
5
4
12
4
2

= =
t t
gb cs vm
cd tt b
i i t
m
i i i

36
86
73
60
1 4 12 30
4 5 45
2
=

=
t
tt
i

+ Khi ct ren Pt -ng truyn t-ng t nh- ren Anh
va c:

33
30
34
38
45
30
= =
cdA cdpit
i i

36
86
73
60
mod
= =
ul tt ttpit
i i

Nh- vy ta tnh -c cc gi tr i
tt
, i
c
ca nhm
b, cc s rng Z chn trn c s ph hp vi tiu
chun chung v thch hp vi my thit k.

Lp K35MA
47

5. Kim tra sai s b-c ren.
Trong khi tnh ton c mt s bnh rng chn s
rng gn ng nu xut hin cc sai s b-c ren do
phi kim tra sai s b-c ren bng cch ct th cc
ren ri sau em so snh vi b-c ren ct -c vi
b-c ren tiu chun.
a. Ct ren quc t.
Ct th ren vi b-c ren t = 5 (mm)
Vi : t
vm
= 6 ; i
cs
=5/5 ; i
gb
= 1 ; i
c
= 30/45=2/3
8
5
64
40
1
= =
tt
i

Ph-ng trnh ct ren: 1VTC i
c
i
cs
i
gb
i
tt1
t
vm
= t
Thay s -c:

5 12
8
5
1
5
5
3
2
1 =

khng c sai s :
b. Ct th ren modul.
ct th ren vi: m =5 (mm) ; i
gb
=1 ; i
cs
=1
3
2
45
30
= =
cd
i
;
36
86
73
60
2
=
tt
i
; t
vm
=12
ph-ng trnh ct ren: 1VTCi
c
i
cs
i
gb
i
tt2
t
vm
= mt
thay s -c:

70716 , 15 5 12
36
86
73
60
1 1
3
2
1 = = t

c : t = m.t = 5.3.14 = 15,70726
Sai s b-c ren: At = 0,0002
Tr-ng hp ny sai s khng ng k c th chp nhn
-c.
c. Ct ren Anh.
Ct th vi n = 5 t = 25,4/5 = 5,08 (mm)
C t
vm
= 12 ; i
cs
=5/5 ; i
gb
= 1 ; i
tt1
= 40/64 = 5/8

33
30
34
38
45
30
=
A
cd
i

ph-ng trnh ct ren l:
t t i i
i
i VTC
vm tt gb
cs
A
cd
=
1
1
1

thay s -c:

080213964 , 5 12
64
40
1
5
5
33
30
34
38
45
30
1 =

Lp K35MA
48

vy sai s b-c ren l :
At = 5,0802139 5,08 = 0,0002139
(mm)
Sai s c th chp nhn -c.
d. Ct th ren Pit.
Ct th vi p =5
95929068 , 15
5
. 4 , 25
= =
t
t

C : i
cs
= 5/5 = 1 ; i
gb
= 1 ; t
vm
=12
36
86
73
60
2
=
tt
i
;
33
30
34
38
45
30
=
cd
i

ph-ng trnh ct ren :
t t i i
i
i VTC
vm tt gb
cs
p
cd
=
2
1
1

thay s :

96975875 , 15 12
36
86
73
60
1 1
33
30
34
38
45
30
1 =

vy sai s b-c ren l :
At = 15,95975875 15,95929068 =
0,000461947
c sai s b-c ren.
Thnh lp s ng hp chy dao nh- hnh v: hnh 7

C. Thit k hp xe dao.

Trong hp xe dao ch cha nhng b truyn n v,
vy quy lut phn b l-ng chy dao S cng nh- quy
lut phn b b-c ren. Lc chng ta dng hp chy
dao va tin ren va tin trn. V vy phm vi iu

Lp K35MA
49

chnh l-ng chy dao v b-c ren phi ging nhau ;
R
s
=R
t

Da theo my c tr-c 16K20 ta c: S
d
= ( 0,05
2,8 ) (mm)
Cn c vo ta sp xp bng l-ng chy dao S t-ng
t nh- bng ren quc t nh- sau:

L-ng chy dao tin trn (S mm)
0,05 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,8 1,6
0,06 0,125 0,25 0,3 1 2
0,075 0,15 0,3 0,6 1,2 2,4
0,09 0,175 0,35 0,7 1,4 2,8

thc hin chuyn ng chy dao no th dng
xnh ct ren t-ng t. Ly theo xch ct ren t
min
,
thc hin l-ng chy dao S
min
th l-ng chy dao khc
cng m bo khi ct ren t
min
= 0,05 (mm)
Ta c ph-ng trnh:
1VTCi
c
i
tt
i
cs
i
gb
t
vm
= t
min
(1)
khi tin trn vi S
min
ta c ph-ng trnh.
1VTCi
c
i
tt
i
gb
i
cs
i
tmZ = S
min
(2)
Trong m v Z l modul v s rng ca bnh rng n
khp vi thanh rng chy dao dc.
Tham kho my c tr-c 16K20 ta c : Z= 10 , m= 3
vi : i l t s truyn tng cng cn to ra hp xe
dao.

14 , 3 15
6 , 0
3 10 14 , 4 5 , 0
05 , 0 12
. . .
.
min
min
=

= =
z m t
S t
i
vm
t

b tr kt cu khng gian hp l m bo tho mn
iu kin v mt ng lc hc, ng hc ca cc b
truyn. Tham kho my chun v cc my tin ren vt
vn nng khc ta c xch ni t trc vt me ngang nh-
sau:

Lp K35MA
50

- Li hp M
5
(m). Trc vt me:
30
32
32
32
32
30
35
28
39
24
40
23

qua trc vt bnh vt 4/21
chy dao dc:
Z m. .
66
17
41
36
t
S
d

chy dao ngang:
5
16
29
29
55
55
34
36
36

S
n

- L-ng chy dao ngang S
n
= S
d
/ 2
Da vo my chun ta dng kt cu cc cp bnh rng
theo my 16K20.

Lp K35MA
51

Phn Iv:
thit k ng lc hc my
I. Xc nh ch lm vic ca my.
Ch lm vic ca my bao gm ch ct gt,
ch bi trn lm lnh, n ton . . . Mt my mi
thit k, ch to song phi quy nh r rng v
ch lm vic ca my tr-c khi -a vo sn xut.
Trong phm vi my -c thit k y xc nh ch
ct gt ti hn ca my lm c s tnh ton ng lc
hc ca my. Ch ct gt bao gm: Ch ct gt
cc i, ch ct gt tnh ton, ch ct gt th
my.
1.Ch ct gt cc i.
Theo kinh nhim tnh ton S, v, t bng cc cng thc
sau:

) ( 579 , 4 280 . 7 , 0 .
3
3
max 1 max
mm D C t ~ = =

trong : C= 0,7 ( chn vt liu gia cng bng thp)
max min
)
4
1
2
1
( t t =
chn :
) ( 145 , 1 579 , 4
4
1
4
1
max min
mm t t = = =

) / ( )
7
1
3
1
(
max max
v mm t S =
chn
) / ( 53 , 1 579 , 4
3
1
3
1
max max
v mm t S = = =

max min
)
10
1
5
1
( S S =
chn
) / ( 153 , 0 53 , 1
10
1
10
1
max min
v mm S S = = =

S dng ch ct gt cc i s dn n ton b chi
tit my lm vic vi ti trng cc i. Thc tin
cho thy khng bao gi my lm vic ht ti trng.
bng, chnh xc, trnh ngh nghip v nhng
yu t khc l nguyn nhn hn ch kh nng s dng
ca my. tnh ton hp l hn c th s dng ch
ct gt tnh ton.
2.Ch ct gt tnh ton.

Lp K35MA
52

Chui s vng quay n ca my bin i t n
min
n
n
max
vi z cp tc khc nhau. Chuyn l-ng chy dao
S bin i t S
min
n S
max
, z cp khc nhau. Ti
cc tr s n
min
, S
min
my lm vic vi M
xmax
. V vy
phi xc nh tr s n
tnh
, S
tnh
theo cng thc

4
min
max
min
n
n
n n
t
=

Ta c bng sau:

Cc ch ct khc (s,t) v -ng knh chi tit gia
cng (d) chn theo ch cng ngh bo m my lm
vic ht cng sut.
3.Ch th my.
Ch th my l do ng-i thit k hoc nh sn
xut quy nh. Tr-c khi -a my mi vo sn xut,
nh my ch to phi nghim thu my theo mt ch
kim nghim nht nh.
Th my theo ch ct gt vi mc ch kim tra
my lm vic c n nh v bn hay khng.
Nu cho my lm vic ngoi phm vi cho php th chi
tit s nhanh hng do ta chn ch th tnh
sc bn.
Th vi chi tit D = 115(mm). cng HB207, dao P18
, ch ct chn:
n = 400 (v/ph) ; S =1,4(mm/v) ; t = 4(mm)

) / ( 5 , 144
1000
400 . 115 . 14 , 3
1000
. .
ph m
n D
V = = =
t

Khi thit k cho php -a P
max
, M
max
qu ti n 25%
trong thi gian cho php.

II. Tnh lc ct.
Lc ct gm 3 thnh phn P
x
, P
y
, P
z
l cc
thnh phn lc theo ph-ng x,y,z v -c xc nh
theo cng thc bng 9[1].
P
x
*
= C
px
.t
*xpx
.S
*ypx

Lp K35MA
53

P
y
*
=C
py
.t
*xpy
.S
*ypy

P
*
z
=C
pz
.t
*xpz
.S
*ypz

Vi t
*
= 4,226 (mm) ; S
*
= 1,39 (mm/v)
C
px
=650 xpx=1,2 ypx=0,65
C
py
=1250 xpy=0,9 ypy=0,75
C
pz
=2000 xpz=1 ypz=0,75
Thay s tm -c:
P
x
*
= 650.(4,579)
1,2
.(1,532)
0,65
= 5324,22 (N)
P
y
*
= 1250.(4,579)
0,9
.(1,532)
0,75
= 6769,36 (N)
P
z
*
= 2000.(4,579)
1
.(1,532)
0,75
=12610,86 (N)

III. Tnh cng sut ng c.
Hin nay tnh chnh xc cng sut ng c in l
mt vn kh khn v kh xc nh ng iu kin
lm vic v hiu sut ca my, iu kin ch to cng
nh- nhng nh h-ng khc. C hai cch th-ng dng
tnh cng sut ng c in. Xc nh cng sut ng
c in gn ng theo hiu sut tng v tnh chnh
xc song khi ch to my, bng thc nghim c th o
-c cng sut ng c ti cc s vng quay v ch
ct gt khc nhau.
1.Xc nh cng sut truyn dn chnh xc.
Cng sut ng c gm c: N
c
= N
c
+ N
0
+ N
p

Trong : N
c
: cng sut ct.
N
0
: cng sut chy khng.
N
p
: cng sut ph tiu hao do hiu sut v
do nhng nguyn nhn nh h-ng ti s lm vic ca
my.
a.Xc nh cng sut ct.
Cng sut ct -c xc nh theo biu thc.

3
10 . 60
.v p
N
z
c
=

Theo phn II c N
c
= 5,933(kw)
b.Xc nh cng sut chy khng.
) (
10
6
0 tc i
tb
m
n k n
d
k N + =

Trong : k
m
: h s ph thuc cht l-ng ch to cc
chi tit v iu kin bi trn, th-ng ly k = 3 6 ,
ly k = 5
d
tb
: -ng knh trung bnh cc
ngng trc ca my tr trc chnh.

Lp K35MA
54

n : tng s vng quay ca cc trc
tr trc chnh.
k
i
: h s ph thuc trc chnh
lp ln hay tr-t l ln k
i
= 1,5
n
tc
: s vng quay ca trc chnh
ti xc nh nghim.
N
i
, n
i
l cng sut v s vng quay trc i

N
i
= N
/c
.q
i
(kw)
q
I
= q
ai
.q
= 0,97.0,99 = 0,9603
q
II
=q
I
q
.q
br
= 0,9603.0,99.0,98 = 0,932
q
III
= q
II
q
.q
br
= 0,932.0,99.0,98 = 0,904
q
IV
= q
III
q
.q
br
= 0,904.0,99.0,98 = 0,88
q
V
= q
IV
q
.q
br
= 0,88.0,99.0,98 = 0,85
q
VI
= q
V
q
.q
br
= 0,826.0,99.0,98 = 0,826
N
I
= N
c
.q
I
= 10.0,9603 = 9,603 (Kw); n
1
= 800(v/ph)
N
II
= N
c
.q
II
= 10.0,932 = 9,32(Kw); n
1
= 1057(v/ph)
N
III
= N
c
.q
III
= 10.0,904 = 9,04(Kw) ; n
1
= 532(v/ph)
N
IV
= N
c
.q
IV
= 10.0,88 = 8, 8(Kw) ; n
1
= 188 (v/ph)
N
V
= N
c
.q
V
= 10.0,85 = 8,5 (Kw) ; n
1
= 50 (v/ph)
N
VI
= N
c
.q
VI
= 10.0,826 = 8,2 6(Kw) ; n
1
= 42(v/ph)

Tnh m men xon trn cc trc ca hp tc .
n
N
M
i
x
. 10 . 55 , 9
6
max
=
(N.mm)
Ta -c :

5 , 116987
800
8 , 9
. 10 . 55 , 9
6
= =
xI
M
(N.mm)

85444
1057
457 , 9
. 10 . 55 , 9
6
= =
xII
M
(N.mm)

163822
532
126 , 9
. 10 . 55 , 9
6
= =
xIII
M
(N.mm)

447377
188
807 , 8
. 10 . 55 , 9
6
= =
xIV
M
(N.mm)

1623118
50
4498 , 8
. 10 . 55 , 9
6
= =
xV
M
(N.mm)

1864524
42
2 , 8
. 10 . 55 , 9
6
= =
xVI
M
(N.mm)

Lp K35MA
55

) ( .3 mm
n
N
C d
t
i
SB
=

C: h s : C = 110 160 Chn C = 120

5
V IV III II I
TB
d d d d d
d
+ + + +
=

Thay s v tnh ton ta -c bng sau:
Bng ng lc hc my
Trc
n
max
(v/ph)
N
min
(v/ph)
N
t
(v/ph)
N
trc
(Kw)
M
xmax
(N.mm)
d
SB

(mm)
I 800 800 800 9,603
116987,
5
30
II 1250 1000 1057 9,32 854444 25
III 1250 400 532 9,04 163822 35
IV 1250 100 188 8,8 447377 45
V 315 25 50 8,5 1623118 65
VI 1600 12,5 42 8,26 1864524 70
Vy c:

) ( 41
5
70 45 35 25 30
mm d
TB
=
+ + + +
=

( ) ( ) KW N 55 , 0 42 5 , 1 2627
10
41
5
6
0
= + =

c.Tnh cng sut ph.
Cng sut ph -c tnh theo biu
thc:
( )
k k p
i
i
K
N N q
=
= 1
1

:
k
q Hiu sut cc b truyn cng loi(c 9 b truyn
bnh rng v 1b truyn ai)

i
k
:s l-ng b truyn cng loi
N
p
=N
c
|9(1- 0,98) +1(1- 0,97)| = 0.21N
c
(KW)
d.Tmh cng sut chy dao.

Lp K35MA
56

N
s
=
81 . 9 10 612
4

cd
s
V Q
q
(KW)
Trong : q
c
: h s chy dao q
c
= 0,15 0,2
ly q
c
= 0,15
Q : lc chy dao -c tnh theo cng thc:
Q = kp
x
+ f(P
8
+ G)
Trong : k : h s tng lc ma st ly k = 1,5
f= 0,1 h s ma st gia sng tr-t v bng
my
G : trng l-ng bn my : G = 200 (kg)
P
x
, P
z
: lc ma st
P
x
= 5324,22 (N) = 532,422 (KG)
P
z
= 12610,86 (N) = 1261,086 (KG)
Thay s -c:
Q = 1,5.532,422+ 0,1(1261,086 + 200) =
944,7 (KG)
V
S
l vn tc chy dao tnh theo cng thc
V
S
= S.n
Theo ch ct th th : n = 400 (v/ph) ; S = 1,532
V
S
= 1,532.400 = 61,28 (m/ph)
Thay s -c :
) ( 63 , 0
15 , 0 . 10000 . 612
28 , 61 . 7 , 944
kw N
S
~ =

Nh- vy cng sut ng c cn thit l :
N
/c
= N
C
+ N
0
+ N
P
+ N
S
= 5,933 + 0,55 +
0,21.N
c
+ 0,63

) ( 68 , 8 63 , 0
21 , 0 1
55 , 0 933 , 5
/
kw N
c d
= +
+
=

Vy chn ng c N = 10 (kw) ; n = 1460 (v/ph) k
hiu DK32-4

2.Tnh cng sut chy dao nhanh.
to iu kin thun li khi gia cng , gim
thi gian ph dn ti tng nng sut gia cng. Ta b
tr thm mt ng c khc chy dao nhanh.
Theo kinh nhim vn tc chy dao -c khng ch : 2 <
v < 12 (m/ph)
V vy cn phi m bo chy dao nhanh sau khi ht
hnh trnh lm vic khng phi tt my ( tt ng c
chnh) nu ta lp thm li hp siu vit.
Chn vn tc chy dao nhanh:
V
cn
= 4m/ph = 4000 (mm/ph)

Lp K35MA
57

Cng sut ng c chy dao nhanh phi m bo dch
chuyn -c bn xe dao nng 200 kg.

) ( 65 , 0
15 , 0 . 10 . 621
.
4
kw
v G
N
cn
cn
= =

d tr sai s do tnh ton ch to ta chn ng c
chy dao nhanh c
N = 0,75 (kw) ; n = 1360 (v/p)

Phn VI :
tnh ton h thng bi trn v lm mt

I. h thng bi trn v cc b phn ca n.
Cng dng c bn ca h thng bi trn l lm gim
s tn hao v ma st, tng bn mn ca cc b mt
cng tc, m bo nhit lm vic bnh th-ng cho
php. Thit k h thng bi trn ng s bo v -c
lu di chnh xc ban u ca my trong ton b
thi gian s dng my.
Cc cp ma st -c bi trn nh- sng tr-t, bi
tr-t, c truyn ng, cc khp cu. . .
H thng bi trn phi dn -c du bi trn cn
thit ti cc b mt cng tc, phi c b phn cung
cp du, lm sch du v b phn kim tra du.
Trong cc my cng c hin nay h thng bi trn c
bn -c dng trong ch to my, cch ny tin li v
tin cy. Ngoi ra ng-i ta cn dng mt s h thng
bi trn khc ph thuc v kt cu ca my. Du
khong cht v m l nhng cht c bn -c dng
trong ch to my. Tc tr-t ca cc b mt cng
tc cng cao, p lc ca cc b mt cng tc cng nh
th nht ca du phi cng nh.
Ph-ng php dn du ph thuc ch yu vo l-ng du
cn thit phi dn i. dn du bi trn t c th
dng cc mt du nh git hoc bc nh git. Khi cn
phi dn l-ng du ln ti cc b mt cng tc ( cc
tr-t v sng tr-t lm vic trong iu kin ma st
-t) ng-i ta dng cc bm c kt cu n gin nht (
bm bnh rng, bm cnh gt, bm Pittng).

Lp K35MA
58

Nu cc cp ma st lm vic khng lin tc m theo
chu k lm vic bi trn trong thi gian c cu cng
tc .
L-ng du bi trn qa tha s gy tc hi v c
th dn ti tn tht ph, tng nhit cng tc v
t nng, tt c cc b phn my, Ngoi ra l-ng du
bi trn cn thit bi trn tt c th thay i
trong chu k s dng do mn, do khe h cc cp ma
st tng ln . v.v. v vy phi c b phn iu chnh
l-ng du bi trn.
Trong h thng bi trn tun hon cn thit phi c
b phn lc du th-ng l loi mng mng, bng N
hoc l-i.
bo m h thng bi trn c th lm vic tt
phi c h thng kim tra. Th-ng ng-i ta t cc
mt du kim tra mc du trong thng, cc cp
m st v ch dng du chy qua cc cp b mt
t-ng ng.
T ng kim tra l hnh thc ci tin hn trong
mi sai st ca h thng bi trn -c bo hiu bng
n hoc t ng dng my.
1: B cha
2: B thu hi
3: Bung phn phi
4: Phin
5: Bm
6: Van

ii. xc nh l-u l-ng ca bm.
Ng-i ta c th xc nh l-u l-ng ca bm dng
cho h thng bi trn trn c s ph-ng trnh cn
bng nhit xut pht t gi thit: tt c cc nhit
l-ng to ra do ma st cc cp ma st bng nhit
thu vo ca cht lng bi trn.
Nhit l-ng to ra cc cp ma st -c tnh theo
cng thc:
W
1
= 860 N (1-q) (kcal/h) (1)
Trong N: Cng sut ca cc cp ma st tnh bng kw
q : Hiu sut ca tt c cc cp ma st -c
bi trn.
Nhit l-ng thu vo ca cht lng bi trn -c tnh
theo cng thc:

Lp K35MA
59

W
2
= 60.Q.C..At ( kcal /h)
Q: L-ng cht lng bi trn chy qua
lt/pht
c: Nhit dung ring ca du ( C ~ 0,4 kcal/kg
0
C
)
: Khi l-ng ring ca du Kg/dm
3
: = 0,9
At: Nhit nung nng ca du khi chy qua b
mt lm vic
At = 5
0
8
0
truyn bnh rng.
At = 30
0
40
0
vi tr-t.
Cn bng 2 ph-ng trnh W
1
v W
2
ta -c cng thc gn
ng sau:
Q = KN(1-q) (lt/pht)
Trong : K: h s ph thuc vo s hp th nhit
ca du. Thc t K = 1 3
(1-q)N : Cng sut mt mt do ma st trong
cc c cu -c bi trn.
Thay s -c: Q = 6 (lt/pht)
Nng sut ca bi trn : Q
b
= K.Q
Vi K = 1,4 1,6 l h s d tr h thng lm vic
bnh th-ng.ly K = 1,5
Q
b
= 6. 1,5 = 9 (lt/pht)
-ng knh ng ln nht:
v
Q
d 13 , 1 =

Vi v = 2 4 (m/s) chn v = 2 (m/s)
Q = 6 (lt/ph) = 6 (dm
3
/ph) =
) / ( 10 . 1
10 . 60
6
3 4
3
s m
=

Thay s -c

) ( 008 , 0
2
10 . 1
13 , 1
4
m d = =

d ~ 8 (mm)
Th tnh b cha ly bng nng sut ca bm sau 4 5
pht:
V = Q
b
5 = 95 = 45 (lt)
Din tnh mt thong ca Phin lc :
) (
.
. . 10 . 6
2
9
m
P
Q
F
A
=

o

Trong : Q l l-u l-ng ca du qua phin:
.10
4
(m
3
/s).

Lp K35MA
60

AP = 5.10
4
N/m
2
gim p ca du qua
phin.
o : Kh nng l-u thng ca phin (m
3
/m
2
).
: H s nht ng lc hc = 12
Thay s -c :

) ( 10 . 88 , 2
10 . 250
72
10 . 5 . 10 . 500
12 . 10 . 1 . 10 . 6
2 14
13 4 3
4 9
m F

= = =

iii. h thng lm mt v cc b phn ca n.
Vic dng dung dch trn ngui t-i vo vng ct lm
tng bn ca dng c ct cht l-ng b mt gia
cng tt hn, lm tng nng sut ct gt v s dng
ch ct cao hn. Ngoi ra vic dng n-c lm lnh
c nh h-ng tt n qu trnh ct v n lm nhim v
tch phoi v lm lnh chi tit. H thng lm lnh chi
tit -c tiu chun ho.
H thng lm ngui bo gm: B cha, bm ng dn, du
phun, ng thu hi dung dch trn ngui t-i vo
vng ct, Van.
L-u l-ng ca bm trong h thng lm lnh cng c th
xc nh t-ng t nh- l-u l-ng ca bm trong h
thng bi trn. Nu gi thit rng ton b cng sut
ct chuyn thnh nhit v nhit ny hon ton ch do
n-c lm lnh hp th th chng ta c ph-ng trnh
cn bng nhit nh- sau:
(Kcal/lt)
427
102.60.N
t c. Q. = A .

Khi lm lnh E
munxi
c = 1kg/lt
c = 1kgcal/kg
0
c th

(lt/pht)
t
N
14. Q
=

Trong : Q l l-u l-ng ca bm trong h thng lm
lnh
N l cng sut ct N = 5,249(kw)
At l tng nhit ca dung dch trn ngui
ph thuc vo qua trnh ct, ph-ng php dn n-c
lnh, s ngui lnh ca n trong h thng ...
A = 15
0
20
0
chn A = 20
0
Thay s -c:

ht) 3,67(lt/p
20
5,249
14. Q = =

Lp K35MA
61

Dung tch b cha ly bng nng sut bm 10 20 pht
b = Q.15 = 3,6715~ 55 (lt)
Trong h thng lm lnh phin ch c tc dng cn phoi
ch- khng lm sch nn -c lm dng l-i hay l
tm c l.

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Đồ án máy tiện T6M16

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