Charts and Graphs SciVis I

105.01 Activities: Mark off as you finish ____1. ractice usin! "#ce$. Make different types of !raphs. ____%. Ans&er 'uestions fro( the o&er oint. ____). *o +io$o!y !raphs. ____,. *o car e#perience and !raph. ____5. erfor( c$ass e#peri(ents and !raph data. ____-. .ake test in 'uia 105.0) ____1. Ans&er 'uestions fro( the o&er oint.. ____%. *o 1/50 Activity ____). .ake test in 'uia

o&er oint 0uestions: 1. What are 5 reasons that charts should be created? 1 to organize data 2. Present data in visual method 3. Makes it easier to read 4. Present many numbers in a single unit 5. Encourage the eye to compare different pieces of data 1A2 C3A2.S: 1. Dra a sim!le "ar #hart.

3. What are "$% #&$%'( used to com!are? 1. )sed *or com!aring items that are the+ are used to com!are to di**erent t+!es o* data on each other,also com!arisons bet een unrelated variables. 2. "ar gra!hs are a *amil+ o* charts that dis!la+ in*ormation b+ means o* a series o* vertical rectangles. 3. "ar #harts are *re-uentl+ used to com!are t+!es o* data or to sho ho one or more entireties var+ over time. 4. What is .uantitative Data? /t is data that is -uantitative 5. 0ach bar re!resents a column o* data1 and a com!lete set o* columns makes u! a data set. 2. "ar gra!hs generall+ have one scale on the vertical a3is1 and another horizontal scale 444444444444 or se-uence scale 5such as a time scale6 along the horizontal a3is.

7. 'hese charts are use*ul hen tr+ing to com!are a number o* 4444444444 or categories against each other. 03am!les o* discrete sets8

9. What is the di**erence bet een a "ar chart and a #olumn chart ?one goes u! and do n and one goes le*t and right 9. Other names include: bar and line graph 4I5" C3A2.: 1. Dra a sim!le line chart.

2. When is a :ine ;ra!h used? 1. )sed *or com!aring data in arro and relationshi!s over time. 2. )nlike bar charts1 here the di**erences bet een the !oints are the main interest1 in <,= gra!hs1 it is the similarities that are interesting1 es!eciall+ the grou!ings that the data takes on due to the mani!ulation o* the the+ ere some hat similar 03am!les8

3.

:ine charts are good *or sho ing amounts o* time o* continuous data1 usuall+ involving time.

4. $n 44444444444444 is a line chart ith the area bet een the line and the 3,a3is is shaded. 5. Dra a sim!le area chart.

I" C3A2.: 1. Dra a sim!le Pie chart. 0ach a di**erent color

2. When is a Pie #hart used? 1. )sed *or sho ing !arts o* a hole or dividing data into !arts out o* a hole. 2. Pie gra!hs sho the com!onents o* a set to each other and to the hole. 3. Pie gra!hs are a member o* an entire *amil+ o* never heared o* gra!h *amil+s. 4. 03am!les8 3. 'he angle o* the area o* each slice 5sometimes called sometimes called a
segment or wedge a6 is

the same !ercent o* the total circle as the data it re!resents. 4. Pie gra!h data ma+ be the same or closeor simultaneous in time and ma+ be linked more b+ meaning than b+ !h+sical !ro3imit+ or se-uence. Scatter $ots: 1. Dra a scatter !lot.

2. )sed to get a visual re!resentation o* the o* area or location or correlation bet een t o locations using the 3,+ gra!h method o* !lotting. 3. )suall+ the lines connecting the data !oints are 44444444444444 connected. 3isto!ra(: 1. Dra a sim!le &istogram8

2. &istograms are bar charts that dis!la+ *re-uencies or relative *re-uencies in the *orm o* several bars bars. 3. &istograms can be used to see the sha!e o* the distribution and to determine hether the data are distributed whether the data are distributed
4. symmetrically.

5. &istograms are >sorting bo3s.> 'here is one variable and data is sorted b+ this variable b+ !lacing them into >bo3es.?

2. 'he number o* !ieces o* data in each bo3 is 'he is counted. The height of the rectangle drawn on top of each box o* the rectangle dra n on to! o* each bo3 is !ro!ortional to the number o* !ieces in that bo3. 7. $ bar gra!h has several t+!es o* data o* di**erent items that are com!ared. 9. 'he main -uestion a histogram ans ers is8 >&o man+ 1are there in each o* the classes o* measurements?> @. 'he main -uestion a bar gra!h ans ers is8 >What is the 444444444444444 *or each item?> &ere are some e3am!les8 Situation We ant to com!are total income o* *ive di**erent !eo!le. We have measured revenues o* several !eo!le. We ant to com!are numbers o* !eo!le that make *rom B to 1B1BBBC *rom 1B1BBB to 2B1BBBC *rom 2B1BBB to 3B1BBB and so on. We ant to com!are heights o* ten basketball !la+ers on a team. We have measured several !la+ers. We ant to com!are numbers o* !la+ers that are *rom 5,5.5 *eet highC *rom 5.5,2C *rom 2,2.5 and so on. 1ar Graph or 3isto!ra(6 444444444444444444444 Ae+ -uestion8 What is the revenue *or each !erson? 444444444444444444444 Ae+ -uestion8 &o man+ !eo!le are in each class o* revenues? 444444444444444444444 Ae+ -uestion8 What is the height o* each !la+er? 444444444444444444444 Ae+ -uestion8 &o man+ !la+ers are there in each class o* heights?

1B. When ould +ou choose to gra!h using a &istogram vs. a "ar ;ra!h? When the data should be used in a bar gra!h arts of a Graph: 1. 44444444444444444'he re*erence lines in a coordinate s+stem. 'he <,a3is is th e is belo the re*erence1 and the =,a3is is the going u! re*erence. 2. 'ittle Describes the data the chart is s+mbolizing. 3. 4444444444444 $n e3!lanator+ list o* s+mbols on a chart 5needed hen +ou gra!h multi!le data sets6. 4. 4444444444444 $re needed *or linking the chart to the in*ormation being dis!la+ed. /* charted data has labels in the s!readsheet1 the labels should be carried over to the chart. 5. :abel the !arts belo 8

1asic 2u$es for Creatin! a Chart: 1. )se good !iece o* !a!er and a ruler1 a ord !rogram1 or gra!hing !rogram such as 03cel. 2. Decide on the correct t+!e o* chart or gra!h. 3. Determine the number vale or length value number to be !lotted on each a3is and make sure the scale is big enough to use at least hal* o* the !a!er in both directions. 4. Plot the !oints or control variable on the 3,a3is. 5. 'he de!endent variable is !lotted on the is that the gra!h legend ill sta+ the same 2. 'he 3 a3s+s title the a3es and give units to those labels. 7. $ll gra!hs should have a head title. $ good title that al a+s orks is >+> as a *unction o* >3.> 9. Most gra!hs should start at the the numbers on a gra!h53 D B1 + D B6. 'here are e3ce!tions like gra!hing 4444444444444444444444444444 /* the lo est tem!erature is 37o # start at 35 o #. 'his is because B o # is not the lo est tem!erature. @. Eumber the 3, and +,a3is ith a 1, some number in a numerical se-uence or !attern starting ith B to s!ace out +our data so it *ills the entire gra!h. )se a ruler *or straight lines.

1B. /* 2 or more lines are !lotted on a gra!h1 a legend is necessar+. $ di**erent hue or s+mbol should be used *or each line. 11. 'he color o* the background o* the gra!h1 and the lines on the gra!h should be should be color that does not make the line go a a+ *rom each other. 12. 'he color o* lines on a multi,line gra!h should be a di**erent color *rom each other. 13. ;eneral $dvice *or gra!hs8 1. Aee! gra!hs organized ,, make the data do the talking. DonFt >liven> u! +ou chart ith e3tra colors1 3D1 or !ictures. /nteresting data ca!tures an audienceFs attention more than an+ gra!hic or s!ecial !rinting e**ect could. 2. )se ell !laced titles and labels , let the audience think about hat the data means1 not hat the data is or could be. 3. 'o "e ith the a3es ,, Do not e3change scales or !ers!ectives to gain a *alsel+ !erceived advantage. 4. 3D ma+ not be a good idea because the data ma+ a!!ear good can be misinter!reted1 or ma+ be misleading. 5. $ demonstration o* !roblematic 3D !ers!ective8 the chart on the le*t clearl+ sho s that data edged out Dole in Glorida. 2. When 03cel sho s this data in *ormat1 it is im!ossible to clearl+ tell i* an+one on or i* it as a tie.