‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ

ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫‪ ISO 15312:200‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ 50ºc‬ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ‪ 20ºc‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ‪ 70ºc‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ 5%‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ‪.co‬‬ ‫• ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻒ ﮔﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ 2%‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ‪. co‬‬ ‫•ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﺯ )ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ( ﺑﺎ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ EP‬ﺑﺎ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫‪ v=12mm2/s‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ 70ºc‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ‪ v=24mm2/s‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ 70ºc‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻟﺮﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻒ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫•ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺰء ﻏﻠﺘﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ‬ ‫‪ 100mm2/s‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 200mm2/s‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪. 40ºc‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ‪ 30%‬ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺩﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ 10‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 20‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺮﻧﮓ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺮﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ‪ /‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫• ‪ :fP‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺛﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ‪ P‬ﻭ‬ ‫• ‪ :fv‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 4‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ p/co‬ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ =p‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪kN‬‬ ‫‪ =co‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‪kN ،‬‬ ‫‪ =dm‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ‪dm=0.5(d+D) ، mm‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ‪ ISO‬ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ‪ ISO VG 32‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪ 32‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ 40ºc‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ‪ 70ºc‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪Npem=nr fp fv‬‬ ‫‪ =Npem‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ‪r/min ،‬‬ ‫‪ =nr‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‪r/min ،‬‬ ‫‪ =fp‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ ‪ P‬ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ‬ ‫‪ =fv‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻠﺒﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ‪ ،6210‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ 1‬ﺑﺎ ‪dm=0.5(50+90)=70mm p/co=0.24‬‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ fv=0.85‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ ، fp=0.63‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ ISO VG 68‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ‪ 70ºc ،npem‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪npem=15000×0.63×0.85=8030 r/min‬‬

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‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪2‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻟﺮﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ‪ E 22222‬ﻛﻼﺱ ﺍﻛﺴﭙﻠﻮﺭﺭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ‪p=0.15co‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪40ºc‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫‪ 220mm2/s‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﭼﻪ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ؟‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ‪ ،E 22222‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ‪dm=155mm ،p/co=0.15 ،‬‬ ‫‪ ،fp=0.53‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ‪ p/co=0.15‬ﻭ ‪ ،ISO VG 220‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ISO VG 150، fv‬‬ ‫‪ ISO VG150 =0.87‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪nperm = 3 000 × 0,53 × 0,83/0,87 = 1 520 r/min‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ‪ VG 150‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ‪ ISO VG 100-ISO VG 200‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﺰﺟﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪ fv‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺩﺭ‪ ، 40ºc‬ﮔﺮﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ‪ fv‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ‪ ISO VG 150‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ‪fv‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﻠﺒﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ‪ 6210‬ﻛﻼﺱ ﺍﻛﺴﭙﻠﻮﺭﺭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ‪ p=0.24co‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ‪40ºc‬‬ ‫ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ‪ 68mm2/s‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﭼﻪ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ؟‬
‫‪nperm = nr fP (fν actual base oil viscosity)/(fν base oil viscosity ISO‬‬ ‫‪(VG 150‬‬

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‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ً ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺮﻳﭙﺎژ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪ C3‬ﻛﻪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺭ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ )‪ ،(Circula ng Oil‬ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (Cooling Ribs‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ )‪ ،(Form Stability‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻭ ژﻳﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻱ )‪ (Gyratory‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﻗﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ )ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (Thickener‬ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ(‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ »ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ«ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺑﻠﺒﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ )ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪ( ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﺑﺎﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ«‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺘﺸﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ‪ EP‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻋﻮﺽ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ‪ EP‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ )‪ (Boundary Lubrica on‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻏﻠﺘﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪﮔﻲ )‪ (Smear‬ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (Connec ng Rod‬ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻏﻠﺘﺸﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻧﮓ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ 3-2-3-2‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫)ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻟﺮﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﻳﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ )‪ (Form Devia ons‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﺮﺍﻧﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻏﻠﺘﺶ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺟﺰء ﺧﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ )‪Condi on‬‬ ‫‪ (Monitoring‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ‬ ‫)ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻟﻘﻲ( ﻭ ﭼﻴﺪﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺣﺬﻑ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬ ‫• ﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺟﺰء ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫• ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ‬

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