Solutions to Calorimetry Problems

(5)

QLOST = QGAINED
Qmolten Pb+solid Pb = Qcal+H2O

liquid

Pb

327 C

QmoltenPbsolid + Qsolid Pb = QH2O + QAl

Solid

27 C

MPbLF

327327

MPbCPbTPb

32727

1527

MWCWTW

1527

MAlCAlTAl

(30g)(LF) + (30g)(0.031cal/gC)(327C -27C) = (300g)(1.00cal/gC)(27C -15C) + (15g)(0.214cal/gC)(27C -15C)

30g(LF) + 279cal = 3600 cal + 38.52 cal

LF = 111.984 cal/g
---------------------------------------------------

(7)
QG = QICE + QMELTING ICE + QWATER + QEVAP
-150

00

0100

100100

QG = MICITI + MILF + MWCWTW + MSTLV

QG = (20g)(0.48cal/gC)(0C (-15C)) + (20g)(79.6cal/g) + (20g)(1.00 cal/gC)(100C -0C) + (20g)(539cal/g)
----------------------------------------------------

(15)
QHWWW = QCAL + QICECW + QCWWW
MWCWTW = MCALCCALTCAL + MILF + MWCWTW
(250g)(1.00cal/gC)(80C -T) = (150g)(0.100cal/gC)(T - 0C) + (90g)(79.6cal/g) + (90g)(1.00cal/gC)(T -0C)

20000 cal - 250 cal/C T = 15.0 cal/C T + 7164 cal + 90 cal/C T

T = 36.16 C
------------------------------------------------------(19)
QCYL = QBR + QH2O
MCYLCCYLTCYL =

MBRCBRTBR

MWCWTW

(450g)(CCYL)(150C -39C) = (200g)(0.089cal/gC)(39C -15C) + (200g)(1.00cal/gC)(39C -15C)

CCYL = 0.1046 cal/gC

-------------------------------------------(47)
QTOT
1

QST
140100

QST-->HW
100

QHWCW
1000

QCWICE
00

QICE

0-20

QTOT = MSTCSTTST +

MSTLV

MWCWTW + MILF +

MICITI

QTOT = (250g)(0.485cal/gC)(140C -100C) + (250g)(539cal/g) + (250g)(1.00cal/gC)( 100C -0C) +

(250g)(79.6cal/g) + (250g)(0.4995cal/gC)( 0C (-20C))

--------------------------------------------(51)
QSTST +

QSTHW + QHWWW

120100

100

10062

QAl
6220

QCAL

6220

QH2O

620

(25g)(0.485cal/gC)(120C -100C) + (25g)(539cal/g) + (25g)(1.00cal/gC)( 100C -62C) =

(50g)(CAL)( 62C -20C) + (100g)(0.89cal/gC)( 62C -20C) + (250g)(1.00cal/gC)( 62C -20C)

CAL = 0.205cal/gC

%E =
%E =

A E

x100
A
0.217 0.205

0.217
% E = 5.53%

x100

Problem 5.
An ice cube having a mass of 50 grams and an initial temperature of -10 degrees Celsius is placed in 400
grams of 40 degrees Celsius water. What is the final temperature of the mixture if the effects of the container
can be neglected?

Solution:
In this problem we need to use the energy conservation law. Namely, the energy transferred from the ice cube is
equal to the energy transferred to the water.
Initially we have two systems: (1) ice cube and (2) water. The systems have different initial temperatures. In the
final state the temperatures of the systems are the same thermal equilibrium.
To find the final temperature we need to write the energy conservation law: the energy transferred from the
system (1) [to the system (2)] is equal to the energy transferred to the system (2) [from the system (1)].

We introduce the final temperature of the systems: . We assume that the final temperature is greater than 0. It
means that in the final state the system (1) (ice) becomes water. This is our assumption if after the calculations
we obtain that the temperature is less than 0, then we need to repeat the calculations with an assumption that the
temperature is less than 0 or equals to 0.

Now we need to write the energy conservation law.

2

(I) energy (heat) transferred from system (1) has three contributions:
Process (1): the heat required to change the temperature of 50 g = 0.05 kg ice is determined by the specific heat
of the ice:

The specific heat of ice is 2060 J/kg C, the initial temperature is (-10) and the final temperature is 0. Then the
change of the temperature is 10:

Process (2): the heat required to melt the ice is determined by the specific latent heat of fusion:

The specific latent heat of fusion is 334000 J/kg. Then

Process (3): The ice now becomes the water and we need to increase the temperature of the water from 0 to the
final temperature . The heat required to increase the temperature of the water is determined by the specific
heat of the water (the mass of the water is equal to the mass of the ice):

The specific heat of the water is 4186 J/kg C. Then

Then the total heat transferred from the ice is

(II) energy (heat) transferred to the system (2) has only one contribution: We just need to decrease the
temperature of the water from the initial temperature 40 degrees to the final temperature
water is

. The mass of the

The heat required to decrease the temperature of the water is determined by the specific heat of the water:

The specific heat of the water is 4186 J/kg C, the change of the temperature of the water is
Then

Then the energy conservation takes the form:

From this equation we can find the final temperature of the system:

2. A 2.15-gram cashew nut is burned. The heat released raises the temperature of a 100.0-gram sample of water
from 18.2C to 31.5C. The mass of the nut after the experiment is 1.78 grams. Determine the calorie content of
the nut in Calories/gram. Assume that the water is only able to absorb 25% of the heat released by the burning
nut. Given 1.00 Calorie=4.18 kJ.
Answer: ~15 Cal/g
Qwater = mwaterCwaterTwater
Qwater = (100.0 g)(4.18J/g/C)(31.5C - 18.2C) = 5559.4 J = 5.5594 kJ
Qwater = 5.5594 kJ(1.00 Calorie/4.18 kJ) = 1.3560 Calorie
The energy absorbed by the water is one-fourth (25%) of the energy released by the nut.
Qnut = -1.3560 Calorie/0.25 = -5.4238 Calorie
This 5.4238 Calorie of energy was released by burning 0.37 grams of the Cashew. To determine the Calorie
content on a per gram basis, the Calorie-to-gram ratio must be determined.
Calorie Content = 5.4248 Calorie/0.37 gram = 14.6589 Cal/g
Calorie content = 15 Calorie/gram (rounded to two significant figures)