Congregation Mosque as a Generator of Urban Activities

Arch 522 Seminar

Submitted by 0301044 0501046 Department of architecture, BUET

Abstract
The idea that, the role of a religious building type extends beyond its religious use; necessitates investigational and analytical knowledge of its integration into the city fabric. The chosen religious building type is mosque which is available in a great number in the City of Dhaka. Though the city differs in many ways completely from the traditional Islamic city, it has been found that, the old role of urban institution's continued existence necessitates its present for greater integration of the city. The objective was to investigate the urban logic of mosque's existence. For this purpose, seven case studies based on questionnaire survey has been undertaken in 2 different but relatively old areas of the city. The answers have been analyzed to answer the questions: If there is any logic beyond religious, behind huge establishments of mosques in the city. The paper concludes that the key feature of the mosque which shows a high degree of spatial continuity with the city's local structure, is disappearing and changing with time. Nonetheless, the building continues to play its institutional role i.e. a place for socialization, education & economic activity. In other words it continues to make the city more integrated.

Contents

1 2 3 4

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Literature Review............................................................................................................................ 4 Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................................... 5 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 5 4.1 Case study ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Sobhanbagh Masjid & Madrashah Complex .................................................................. 6

4.1.1 4.2

Allah Karim Jami Masjid Complex: .............................................................................................. 8 Shahid Park Central Jami Mosque Complex ................................................................ 10

4.2.1

Shahid Park Central Jami Mosque complex was built in 1997. Its located in Asad Avenue. Being the central mosque it serves a large number of people. ................................................... 10 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.1 4.2.2 5 6 7 8 9 Saat Gombuj Masjid...................................................................................................... 10 Chawk Bazaar Shaahi Mosque...................................................................................... 12 Urddu Road Jame Masjid.............................................................................................. 14 Baitul Nur Jame Masjid ................................................................................................ 15

Observation and Analysis .............................................................................................................. 17 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 20 References ..................................................................................................................................... 20 Appendix ....................................................................................................................................... 21 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Survey Questionnaire: Sobhanbagh Masjid & Madrashah Complex.......................................... 21 Survey Questionnaire: Allah Karim Jami Masjid Complex...................................................... 21 Survey Questionnaire: Shahid Park Central Jami Mosque Complex .......................................... 22 Survey Questionnaire: Saat Gombuj Masjid ............................................................................... 22 Survey Questionnaire: Chawk Bazaar Shaahi Mosque ............................................................... 23 Survey Questionnaire: Urddu Road Jame Masjid ...................................................................... 23 Survey Questionnaire: Baitul Nur Jame Masjid........................................................................ 24

Introduction

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh has been ruled by Muslim rulers for quite a few centuries. "Religious scholars emphasized the presence of the mosque as a condition for a society to fulfill its Islamic way of life in the city."(Azaam,2007) That probably is the main reason behind so many mosques (around 7000)(Social Formation in Dhaka: 1985-2005)being built in Dhaka and the city called 'The City of Mosques'. The question is, if religion is the only string that connects the city and mosque, or there's something more? Taking a tour around the city, it is noticed that, in many cases theres a close proximity of Congregation mosque and market place in the city. Congregation mosque is the type of mosque where Friday sermon is given. It should be notated that almost all mosques in Dhaka give that privilege to people. People taking rest or having small gathering or discussion session in the mosque premises is also a regularly seen picture. Not everyone is leaving the mosque as the prayer ends, nor are they always coming at prayer time. In other words- the mosque is also acting as a place of socializing. "The performance of five-time formal prayers throughout the day suggests a high frequency of movement to and from the mosque. High trip frequency suggests a high possibility of encounter among the inhabitants of the mosques local part of the city and the visitors who come from outside this part."(Azaam,2007) These primary observations suggests that, the role of Congregation mosque is more than a religious building, and the logic of its such widespread presence is more than merely religious. And also, it has become quite integrated in the urban fabric and acting as an urban element making the city more integrated. That is why, a closer and analytical observation is needed in regarding the role of mosque in the city. The objective is to find out how much does the mosque contribute to the city as an active urban element, if any. And also to analyze its changing role and impact on the city. Another objective is to analyze the impact of the changing scenario of the city and architecture on the mosques of the city.

Literature Review

"It is clear that the building becomes an urban element among others at the local and global scales of the city, particular building types remain characteristically strong to the degree of defining the city itself. Of such building types, the religious and cultural buildings come to the fore."(Ziad Azaam, 2007) The above quote only justifies itself when checked in context of Dhaka City, the city which already gained recognition as "the City of Mosques". It might be added that there many religious building which in fact acts as a landmark to the locale. The Jami' mosque of Delhi is a remarkable example. Geoffrey Simmins in his paper "Sacred Spaces and Sacred Places" says: "The followers of Islam hold that there is a fundamental unity between the sacred and the secular." And " in Islamic traditions, all sites are holy, and God is said to dwell everywhere." This bit almost accurately describes the fundamental attributes of God in Islam. But then he says: "Moreover, because Islam wants to affirm the essential sacredness of any permitted activity (the Quran divides activities into required, permitted, and forbidden), the traditional mosque, Clinton Bennett writes in his chapter in Sacred Space on Islam, often opens out into commercial, educational and even into recreational space, therefore also sanctifying these activities." This bit is an assumption which requires further explanation. Ziad Azaam, in his paper: The Social Logic of Mosque, writes "The performance of five-time formal prayers throughout the day suggests a high frequency of movement to and from the mosque." And it

must be kept in mind that, the best place for sales is- where more people stop by. In fact, in many cases, even if the mosque did not open out in any commercial space; commerce itself took the hold of it. As Hakim (1986) noted from his study of the Islamic literature that the city should have a congregation mosque, masjid al-jami, in which the Friday sermon was given and in which the citys residents and its surroundings were served. This importance was first established by the construction of the Prophets mosque in Madinah. The mosque served both as a place of worship and as a community centre for the city, and thus played an important function in the formation of the new society. Its relationship with the city continues to be significant.(Azaam 2007) Categories of Space & orientation According to Islam, prayer shoud be said facing the Qibla. Each and every mosque must also be oriented towards Qibla. The Qaaba in Meccah is the Qibla for muslims all over the world. The typical building interior spaces in every mosque are Mihrab (Prayer space for Imam oriented to Qibla), Mimbar(a pulpit where Friday sermon is given), prayer halls and space for ablution. Minaret was an important feature used for announcing the prayer call, because good propagation of sound a good height was needed. These days it has become only an element of symbolic importance dute to technological advancement. Ziad Azaam Suggested that, apart from the interior spaces some of the mosques spaces can be categorised as part of the building and citys local relationships. The gate space expresses a threshold between the busy exterior and the quiet interior of the mosque. The location of the gate and its count in the case are indicative of the role of the building in its urban context. Another is the courtyard of the mosque. A direct link with the surrounding streets renders this category a candidate for an urban role.

Conceptual Framework

Methodology

Four cases in Mohammadpur area and 3 cases in Old Dhaka have been studied. Both of the settlements are quite old. The choices are such taken so that, the natural growth patterns of urban society and acitivities in relation to the mosque proximity can be observed through a timeline of centuries. A questionnaire survey was undertaken consisting questions on matters from the mosque's establishment to economic activity and charity as well. The survey questionnaires are attached in the Appendix.

4.1 Case study

4.1.1 Sobhanbagh Masjid & Madrashah Complex The mosque was originally established in 1930, by late Moulana Abdus Subhan. The area and the mosque is named after him.It has been renovated further from time to time. It is situated on Shukrabaad residential area on the busy thoroughfare of Mirpur Road. which includes a library, and a clinic, The services and circulation are placed to the front to act as a buffer/transition zone. The three-storey mosque building includes prayer halls in ground and first floor. The second floor is given to the Hifj (Learning of Qur'an) students. In the western part of the mosque building accommodation for the Hifj students is provided for free. Part of the ground floor is leased to book market, office stationery and printing shops. The rest is used as office space for the Mosque.

Satellite image of the mosque1

View of the entrance

Shops are placed on ground floor

Bank is located on the top 2 floor

Accommodation & Learning space is provided to elementary Madrasshah students

Library

The mosque also has a library of its own in which anyone can study religious books during day time. 6

The mosque is open for all irrespective of gender. There is provision of prayer space for women, though smaller in area, but quite well maintained. Among the architectural freatures the collonaded prayer halls and the central triple story atrium space is noticeable. Brickwork with true arches is noticed The facades while the floors were mainly terrazzo with a recent tiles cladding on the ground floor.

Prayer space for women

Interior triple height atrium inside collonnaded Prayer Hall for men

Interior Prayer Hall facing Mihrab

Mosque entrance view from the interior prayer hall

Staircase: window screen (Jaali) with floral motif 7

Main facade:Brick bond detailing[1]

Ablution space for men:Repetition of arch windows

Square punched ventilators

4.2 Allah Karim Jami Masjid Complex:

Allah Karim Jami Masjid Complex was originally built in 17th century AD during the reign of Shayesta Khan.It is situated on Asad avenue near Mohammadpur.The mosque was renovated on 1999.One of the prominent mosque in Mohammadpur it serves a large number of community .The mosque is three storied and has supermarket on the ground floor and prayer hall on the top two floors. The mosque opens on the east side through large archways. The front staircase provides a space for community gathering.People of different ages come here for socializing.

Satellite image of the mosque

Front View:3 storey mosque: Ground floor leased for Supermarket Top 2 floors used for prayer 8

Front Entrance Staircase: Used as place for community gathering A learning center for hifj students is provided on the 2nd floor located in the east side of the building. Mixed shops flanked by the entrance of the mosque ensures wide range of purchasing on a daily basis.

Above: Left: Double height outer prayer hall

Right: Inner prayer hall and Mihrab Below: Window screen (Jali)

The architectural features of the mosque are the double height outer prayer hall and the colonnaded inner prayer hall adorned with perforated window screen(Jali).

4.2.1

Shahid Park Central Jami Mosque Complex

Shahid Park Central Jami Mosque complex was built in 1997. Its located in Asad Avenue. Being the central mosque it serves a large number of people.

Mosque market situated on ground floor

Though the Mosque Front staircase is quite wide; use of it is restricted by the mosque authority

The traditional arch construction is absent & it s replaced by beam-column structure

Use of window screen (Jali)

4.2.2 Saat Gombuj Masjid Saat Masjid or seven domed mosque is located in Mohammadpur , Dhaka. It was built by Shaista Khan in 17th century. A large plaza is enhancing the visual aesthetic value of the mosque making it more inviting for people of all age. 10

3 central large domes is located in north to south sides and 4 small domes at 4 corners[2]

Plaza surrounding the mosque makes it visually attractive and more inviting for people of all ages

Kiosks in both sides are used as reading and recreational space for madrasshah students and masjid stuffs

11

Top left: arched space inside of the Prayer Hall Top right: arched opening to the Side of the mosque Bottom left: interior space with hemispherical dome

4.2.3 Chawk Bazaar Shaahi Mosque The Chawk mosque is located in the Chawk Bazaar area of the old town of Dhaka. The mosque was built during the rule of Shaista Khan in 17th century .The 3 storey mosque consists of 4 large prayer halls in the two upper floors. The outer prayer halls were colonnaded. The ground floor is leased to the shop owners and is maintained by the shop rents [3]

Satellite image of the mosque area.

View from the approach road

12

Top two floors used for prayer

Front facade: ground floor leased for market

Interior Colonnaded prayer space

Farsi inscriptions on the archway

Three Hemispherical marble domes on the roof

Interior space with hemispherical dome

13

Perforated window screen (jaali)is used ; which is a reflection of traditional Mughal architecture

Mural

4.2.1 Urddu Road Jame Masjid Urddu Road Jame Masjid is located on Urddu Road,Dhaka .The mosque was constructed during the British era and mainly serves the community people and commuters. The ground floor is leased for market and the top three floors are used for prayer thus making it convenient for public as they can purchase good and say prayers at a same time.

Markets located on left and right to the entrance

The mosque covers the top three floors of the mosque

Left : front entrance staircase Right: arched entrance to the mosque

14

Mosque mihrab infront of the prayer space the prayer hall

A series of archways ensures illumination inside

perforated window screen (Jaali) Is used in a wide range in the mosque which is a reflection of traditional Mughal Architecture

Colonnades continue in the ablution space

4.2.2 Baitul Nur Jame Masjid Baitul Nur Jame Masjid is located on Khaje Dewan (1st Lane), Lalbagh, Dhaka. The mosque was constructed during the rule of British era in approximately 17th century.Unlike the other mosques this mosque has an inner court.Local garments and factory of poly plastics are established around the court thus providing employment for community people.

15

Shops are leased on the ground floor of the mosque

prayer spaces are located on the top 2 floors

Arched entrance to the mosque

The court inside the mosque

16

The traditional arches have been renovated Decorated window patterns are absent

Traditional Arch Construction is not seen & its replaced by beam-column structure

Observation and Analysis

Marketplace 6 out of 7 mosques has a small or large market with it. 5 of the 6 mosques get good rent from the leased portion (in most cases ground floor). The money is spent for the benefit of the mosque, and to pay the mosque office staff. In the sixth one, the scenario is opposite in the sense that- the mosque was built by contributions from the shop owners who shared their profit money to build the mosque. It can be noted that- this mosque is relatively new(1997) compared to other 6. Out of those ,3 were built during British rule and the other 3 in 17th century(the reign of Shayesta Khan) The only mosque with no market or shops with it is Saat Gombuj Masjid located in Mohammadpur. This mosque was built during the reign of Shayesta Khan. Why there's no market around it is a question. But again the answer also remains. Not only the mosque has no prominent road in front, the most important factor is- it's under the care of Department of Archaeology of Bangladesh. And the govt. ensured a surrounding clean of any chaos. But still a small street market has developed in the surrounding area. 3 out 7 (including the street market) marketplaces sell only Islamic books and articles. The rest suffice in almost all kinds of goods (except those prohibited in Islam) 17

Presence of Marketplace 85.7% Types of goods: only Islamic: 42.8% Islamic & non-religious: 57% Mosque generated market 83% Market generated mosque 17% Library & Book market Library is found at 2 out of 7 = 28.5% Book market is found at 6 out of 7= 85.7% Madrassah/preliminary Islamic education 3 out of 7= 42.8%

Socializing- extra community Interaction In 5 of the cases, People from locality as well as commuters come to devote their prayers. It should be noted that, all these have busy roads, in some cases major roads in others with intersections of road in front of them. Which is absent in the other 2- and that's why are acting as community mosques. Extra community interaction 71% Connectivity 3 of the mosques have more than one entrance. 2 of them are from Pre- British period. the other is early from Early British. But 2 permits to pass through the mosque , thus adds to the connectivity of the city. More than one entrance 42.8% Adds to connectivity: 28.5% Community Space Only 1 mosque (Saat Gombuj Mosque) has an open courtyard in the front which literally is open for all. Baitul Nur Jami Mosque has an inner courtyard but is scheduled to be filled with new prayer building. Allah Karim Mosque has a large front staircase which to some extent act as a community space. Accommodation Only 1 mosque (Saat Gombuj) has provision for accommodation to people in need. But a permission from Mosque committee is necessary. Chawk Bazzar Mosque also had the provision but it's been cancelled for some unwanted reasons. Should be noted that the Mosque madrassahs provide accommodation for the students. And it's also free for the orphans. Accommodation given in 1 out of 7= 14.28%

18

Urban Service Facilities, Employment Help All the mosques give help for any kind of announcements. Janaza prayer for the dead is also a common feature except in Urddu Road Jami Masjid. Shahid Park Central Mosque helps with blood collection, Ambulance calling in case of emergency. Sobhanbagh Mosque provide a free treatment facility for the poor. A sewing school used to be run by the mosque committee for the employment help of the neighbourhood women. But the school has been closed recently.

Discussion

The analysis above shows that wherever there is a mosque, a natural growth of trade and commerce has taken place. The only exception is where it's legally restricted. The markets which were investigated contain all kind of goods. One of them has 2 small factories inside. Another thing is, most of the of the mosques are multistoried with the ground floor leased to merchandisers. This is a rather new tradition to meet the needs arisen with time. The govt. patronizing of the mosques is no longer available like the old times. That's why the mosques needed an aid for survival and development. Almost all the markets have bookstores and office stationary. And from the number of madrassahs, it can be said that the mosques have the intention to aid preliminary religious education. Mosques are becoming more feasible as a place of interaction. The mosque is creating a positive environment as well as a sense of belongingness not only to the people of the area but also for people coming from distant areas, who use the mosque premises and surrounding for circulation and prayer purpose. For this reason it becomes more feasible for people of two different areas to interact with each other. These types of mosques can be said as playing an Urban Role and be termed as more like City Mosques- though none of them are very large in scale. The rest are playing a community role and can be termed as community Mosque. There was a central plaza in front of the Mughal mosques for example- Delhi jami mosque. We can also find this feature at Saat Gombuj Masjid, in Mohammadpur, Dhaka. It was found that, the availability of roads surrounding the Mosque determines the number of entrance. For example we found 5 entrances at the Chawk Bazaar Shahi Mosque. Nowadays these traditional features of mosques are disappearing from the basic design of Mosques in Dhaka City. One of the main reason behind this is the lack of space for the additional number of population of an area. That's why, the amount of Community space is reducing day by day due to lack of public space in proportion to huge population. But a new tradition of gathering in the front staircase is seen in keeping with the changed scenario. In that sense, the social role is still played by the mosque, but in a different way. The tradition of giving accommodation to poor or people in need has become rare due to increase of theft and antisocial activities. Due to financial deficiency and lack of space most of the mosques are unable to perform their traditional public services (medical facility, skill improvement training, blood transfusion, ambulance facility).

19

Conclusion

From The above discussion, it can be concluded that, in spite of the change of architectural styles into simpler and smaller areas, due to budget constraint and land scarcity, the mosque continues to play the role of a space for congregation, socialization, business and above all religious practice. To city people, the mosque is not only an urban element which changes its shape with time, but also a center of socialization & economic activity. Thus the mosque, makes the people interact, build social relations which leads to trade and commerce. In other words, presence of a mosque makes a place urbane.

References

Ziad Aazam, (2007) THE SOCIAL LOGIC OF THE MOSQUE: a study in the relationships between building typology and urban morphology , Proceedings, 6th International Space Syntax Symposium, stanbul Kamal Siddiqui, Kaniz Siddique, Jamshed 2010)Social Formation in Dhaka: 1985-2005 Ahmed, Sayeedul Huq, Abul Hossain:,(November 1,

Geoffrey Simmins(2008-2011) Sacred Spaces and Sacred Places, University of Calgary [1] http://archnet.org/library/images/thumbnails.jsp?location_id=2519&image_id=23277&start=1&limit=9 [2 ] http://www.ahbtravels.com/saat-masjid-a-remaining-archaeological-heritage-of-mughals-may-2009/ [3] http://panoramabangladesh.com/index.php?action=PhotoDetails&pc_id=27&psc_id=55&pd_id=459.ht ml

20

9
1 2

Appendix
Established Scale 1930 Regular : 200-300 Friday : 2000+ b Area Served Proximity & Commuters Marketplace a Shop Ownership info(if associated with mosque) Rent b Leased? Yes c Illegal? No d Any Bookmarket Yes e Library Yes f Types of Goods available Books & Office stationery If there's any kind of Community Space/ Plaza/ Gathering Space No Is there more than one entrance? if yes, how many? do they permit to No pass through the mosque and open out in another street/road? Mosque & Market: Which one generated the other one? Mosque Is there any Madrassah/ School associated with the Mosque? Yes Does the mosque give accommodation to needy people? If Yes, what No is the system? What is done with the Charity Money? Madrashah expenses Any urban service facilities for the community? Medical service, janaza Any Neighbourhood Service Centre to provide work for people? Sewing school (past) a Number of Devotees

9.1 Survey Questionnaire: Sobhanbagh Masjid & Madrashah Complex

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

9.2 Survey Questionnaire: Allah Karim Jami Masjid Complex

1 2 Established Scale Renovation: 1999 Regular : 500-600 Friday : 5000+ b Area Served Proximity & Mostly Commuters Marketplace a Shop Ownership info(if associated with mosque) Yes b Leased? Yes c Illegal? No d Any Bookmarket Yes e Library No f Types of Goods available Supermarket If there's any kind of Community Space/ Plaza/ Gathering Space Front Stair Is there more than one entrance? if yes, how many? do they permit to No pass through the mosque and open out in another street/road? Mosque & Market: Which one generated the other one? Mosque Is there any Madrassah/ School associated with the Mosque? Yes (Ibtedayi) Does the mosque give accommodation to needy people? If Yes, what is No the system? What is done with the Charity Money? Mosque Development Any urban service facilities for the community? Annoucements Any Neighbourhood Service Centre to provide work for people? No a Number of Devotees

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

21

9.3 Survey Questionnaire: Shahid Park Central Jami Mosque Complex

1 2 Established Scale 1997 a Number of Devotees Regular : 1500-2000 Friday : 4000+ b Area Served Central Mosque of Mohammadpur Marketplace a Shop Ownership info(if associated with mosque) No b Leased? No c Illegal? No d Any Bookmarket No e Library No f Types of Goods available All kinds of goods If there's any kind of Community Space/ Plaza/ Gathering Space No Is there more than one entrance? if yes, how many? do they permit to No pass through the mosque and open out in another street/road? Mosque & Market: Which one generated the other one? Made from Market profit money Is there any Madrassah/ School associated with the Mosque? No Does the mosque give accommodation to needy people? If Yes, what is No the system? What is done with the Charity Money? Mosque Staffs, renovation & repair of Any urban service facilities for the community? Blood donation, Ambulance,Annoucem ents Any Neighbourhood Service Centre to provide work for people? No

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

9.4 Survey Questionnaire: Saat Gombuj Masjid

1 2 Established Scale 17th Century Regular : 800 Friday : 2000- 4000 b Area Served Community mosque Marketplace a Shop Ownership info(if associated with mosque) No b Leased? No c Illegal? No d Any Bookmarket No e Library Yes(Islamic) f Types of Goods available Street market If there's any kind of Community Space/ Plaza/ Gathering Space Yes Is there more than one entrance? if yes, how many? do they permit to Yes, 3 pass through the mosque and open out in another street/road? No(2 Closed) Mosque & Market: Which one generated the other one? Mosque Is there any Madrassah/ School associated with the Mosque? Yes, Moktob Does the mosque give accommodation to needy people? If Yes, what is Musafir (On permit) the system? What is done with the Charity Money? Mosque Development Any urban service facilities for the community? Announcements Any Neighbourhood Service Centre to provide work for people? No a Number of Devotees

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

22

9.5 Survey Questionnaire: Chawk Bazaar Shaahi Mosque

1 2 Established Scale 1676 a Number of Devotees Regular : 3000-4000 Friday : 6000+ b Area Served People of Bazaar and Lots of commuters Marketplace a Shop Ownership info(if associated with mosque) Yes b Leased? Yes c Illegal? No d Any Bookmarket Yes e Library No f Types of Goods available Islamic If there's any kind of Community Space/ Plaza/ Gathering Space No Is there more than one entrance? if yes, how many? do they permit to Yes, 5 pass through the mosque and open out in another street/road? Yes. Mosque & Market: Which one generated the other one? Is there any Madrassah/ School associated with the Mosque? Does the mosque give accommodation to needy people? If Yes, what is the system? What is done with the Charity Money? Any urban service facilities for the community? Any Neighbourhood Service Centre to provide work for people? Mosque No In the past Mosque Development Annoucements No

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

9.6 Survey Questionnaire: Urddu Road Jame Masjid

1 2 Established Scale Around 250 years back a Number of Devotees Regular : 300-500 Friday : 1000 b Area Served Proximity & Commuters Marketplace a Shop Ownership info(if associated with mosque) Yes b Leased? Yes c Illegal? No d Any Bookmarket Yes e Library No f Types of Goods available All types If there's any kind of Community Space/ Plaza/ Gathering Space No Is there more than one entrance? if yes, how many? do they permit to No pass through the mosque and open out in another street/road? Mosque & Market: Which one generated the other one? Mosque Is there any Madrassah/ School associated with the Mosque? No Does the mosque give accommodation to needy people? If Yes, what is In the past the system? What is done with the Charity Money? Mosque Development Any urban service facilities for the community? Annoucements Any Neighbourhood Service Centre to provide work for people? No

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

23

9.7 Survey Questionnaire: Baitul Nur Jame Masjid

1 2 Established Scale a Number of Devotees In the British era Regular : 300-350 Friday : 3500-4000

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Community people Marketplace Yes Yes No Yes,All kinds No Tailor,carpenter,works hops,factory of garments and plastic products. If there's any kind of Community Space/ Plaza/ Gathering Space Inner Court Is there more than one entrance? if yes, how many? do they permit to Yes,2 pass through the mosque and open out in another street/road? Yes Mosque & Market: Which one generated the other one? Mosque Is there any Madrassah/ School associated with the Mosque? No Does the mosque give accommodation to needy people? If Yes, what is No the system? What is done with the Charity Money? Mosque Development Any urban service facilities for the community? Annoucements Any Neighbourhood Service Centre to provide work for people? Factory,garments

b a b c d e f

Area Served Shop Ownership info(if associated with mosque) Leased? Illegal? Any Bookmarket Library Types of Goods available

24