2013

Cotton Cultivation in Mansa (Punjab)

Prepared by: Inderjeet and Gurpreet Singh Walia

Field officer of WWF/NRTT Reviving Green Revolution Cell Ludhiana 9/26/2013

MANSA (Punjab, India) Mansa is situated in the cotton belt of Punjab and therefore fondly called the "Area of white gold". Indeed agriculture forms the backbone of the district economy. During the months of November and December a visitor to this part of Punjab shall be the proud witness to the pristine, milky white bloom of cotton, as nature blossoms in her full glory. The view is indeed breath taking. While traversing the countryside, one gets a feeling of sailing through clouds. The population is Punjabi-speaking and is wedded to the culture of the Malwa belt of Punjab. Industrially, the district is very deficient, yet some trade and industry is being carried out in Urban areas

Mansa district was formed on 13th April 1992 from the erst while district of Bathinda. Mansa is a small district both in terms of population and area. It is situated on the rail line between Bathinda-Jind-Delhi section and also situated on Barnala-Sardulgarh-Sirsa Road The district is spread over 2,174 sq.kms, having a total population of 6,88,630 as per 2001 census amounting to 2.9% of the total population of Punjab. In Mansa District, River Ghaggar flows through distance of 15 Kms and Sirhind Drain passes through the entire district and has its out-fall in river Ghaghar. Elevation above sea level is 210 meter. In

the North West it is surrounded by Bathinda district, In the East by Sangrur and In the south Surrounded by Sirsa district (Haryana State). Gehle (Mansa)
Gehle is situated in Mansa tehsil and located in Mansa district of Punjab. It is one of 83 villages in mansa Block along with villages like Gagowal and Ram Dittawala . Nearby railway station of Gehle is Mansa. State District Tahsil Village Farming Families Cotton growers Total area under cotton Punjab Mansa Mansa Gehle 320 229 545 acre

BCIs Modelin this village: BCI has implemented two types of models i.e scout model and clusture model, in Punjab state in four districts namely Mansa, Bathinda, Muktsar and Abhoar. In this Village scout model has been implemented. This village comes under PU 2 . This village has 930 acre of total land under cultivation out of which 545 acres are under cotton cultivation.

Intergeted Pest Management in Cotton/BCIs MPC Cultural practices:

Deep ploughing for field preparation

Improved varieties recommended for cultivation in Punjab state American cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Non Bt Bt NCS 855 BG-II (2013) Ankur BG-II3028 (2012) MRC7017 BG-II(2010) MRC7031BG-II(2010) LH2076(2008) F1861(2002) LH1556(1995) Desi cotton arborium) FDK124 (2011) LD694 (2001) LD327(1987) PAU626 (Gosypium

Agronomic Practices : Seed rate : 0.750 kg for Bt, non Bt 3.5 kg for other varieties 3 kg Date of Sowing : First April to 15th May Weed Management One hoeing after 5-6 weeks Weedicides : TREFLAN 48EC, SHAKTIMAN TRIFLUREX 48EC (Trifluralin)@ 1 litre/acre For Itsit (Trianthema portulacastrum), Madhana/Makra (Eleusine Spp.)-PREPLANTING Stomp30EC @ 1 litre/acre PRE-EMERGENCE Within 24 hour of sowing Gramoxone 24% WSC (Paraquat)500ml/acre or Roundup 41% SL or Glycel 41% SL (Glyphosate) @1 litre/Acre in 100 litre of water as directed spray with the help of hood fitted flood jet nozzle keep 15-20 cm above the ground level Fertilizer application Get the soil test after before sowing of Kharif crop. Apply whole dose of Phosphorus (DAP) to rabi crop (Wheat) not to Kharif (Cotton). Apply Half dose of nitrogen (Urea) at the time of sowing and remaining in mid-July Give four sprays of 2% Potassium nitrate (13:0:45) at weakly interval starting at flowering initiation

Soil Health Nutrients Status in Punjab Soils Nutrient N P K S Zn Fe Mn Cu % Deficiency 70 30 10 20 20 9 11 2 Critical Limit <0.4% OC <5 kg P2O5/acre <55 K2O/acre 10 ppm 0.6 ppm 4.5ppm 3.5 ppm 0.2ppm kg

Irrigation 4-6 Irrigations are required. 1st irrigation at 4-6 week after sowing, subsequent at 2-3 week interval.

Water deficiency at Flowering/Fruiting stage- falling of flowers and fruits. Avoid water stagnation during early stage of growth Plant-Protection Mechanical: destruction/picking of egg larvae and pupae of spodoptera litura Chemical control Major problem: Jassid,Whitefly and tobacco caterpillar Cotton jassid: Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Cicadellidae : Hemiptera) Egg: deposited in leaf vein, elongated, yelowish-white when freshly laid, becomes greyish-yellow before hatching. Nymph(5th stage): green wing pads extends upto the fifth abdominal segment Adult: wedge shaped, pale green in colour during summer and reddish brown in winter. The fore-wing have black spot on their posterior parts,

Nature of damage: The adults and nymphs suck sap from the leavs which turn yellow or reddish brown. Curling of the tender leavs also occur(Downward in cotton, upward in okra) Control measure: Imidacloprid 200SL (Confidor) 40 ml/acre White fly; Bemisia tabaci (Aleurodidae: Hemiptera) Egg: Smooth sub-elliptical, stalked at broader basal end, light yellow when freshly laid turn dark brown later on. Nymph: the newly hatched nymph is oval, light yellow in colour having functional legs. The second and the third instar nymphs are oval depressed and pale greenish yellow degenerated legs. Adult: Body light yellow covered with mealy powder, wings white. Nature of damage: Nymphs suck sap from the leavs and thereby arrest the growth Control measure: Trizophos, Hostathion 40EC 600ml/acre, or Ethion 600ml/acre Tobacco caterpillar spodoptera litura Egg: yellow coloured in groups under side the leaves Larvae: triangular spots on lateral sides of the body Nature of damage : feed gregariously on green portion of the leaves Control measure: Do not grow okra, moong and arhar near the cotton crop. Remove the weed like itsit and around the field. The egg mass and young larvae can be destroyed by pulling out the infested leaves and burying them underground Fiber quality: cotton picking should be done first from the lower portion to upper portion of the plant . Cloth used for picking should be made of jute or Khaddi. Keep the first picking separately. Store it carefully in moisture free state

bI.sI.AweI. (BCI) dI zrUrq ikauN?

tYkstwiel ieMfstRI iv`c ijhVy brWf A`j k`lH mwrkIt dIAW bulMdIAW nUM CUh rhy hn ijvyN ik Adidas, Nike, UBC Awid nUM k`pVw bnwauxw leI cMgy Dwgy dI loV hY Aqy cMgw Dwgw cMgy rySy qoN bxdw hY[ ies leI auhnW nUM cMgy nrmy dI loV hY[ cMgw nrmw (Better cotton): skdy hW[ bI.sI.AweI. dy inXm 1. &sl dI sWB sMBwl (Crop protection): &sl dI sWB sMBwl krdy hoey srvp`KI kIt mYnyjmYNt nUM iDAwn iv`c r`Kdy hoey &sl nUM kIVy mkOiVAW qoN bcwauxw] 2. pwxI dI sMBwl (Water conservation): pwxI kudrqI somw hY[ ies leI zrUrq Anuswr hI iesdI vrqoN krnI cwhIdI hY[ 3. im`tI dI sMBwl (Soil conservation): swrIAW KwdW dI loV Anuswr vrqoN krdy hoey &sl augwaxw[ 4. kudrqI rihx bsyrw (Natural habitat): swfIAW &slW dy keI kudrqI im`qr ijvyN im`qr kIVy, im`tI, kudrqI pOidAW dw somw huMdIAW hn[ auhnW dw iDAwn r`Kxw[ 5. rySy dy ivSySqw (Fibre quality): &sl dy ryiSAW dw iDAwn r`Kxw (cugweI smyN)[ 6. sMqoKjnk kMm (Decent work): smwijk burweIAW ijvyN bwl mzdUrI, grBvqI mihlwvW qoN mzdUrI nw krvwauxw[ rMg, jwq pwq Aqy nr, mwdw dy krky mzdUrI iv`c &rk nw r`Kxw[ ikswnW dI SRyxI 1. AYP.AYs.AYc. (FSH): auh ikswn ijhVy AwpxI KyqI Awpxy Awp jW Awpxy pirvwr dI mdd nwl krdy hn[ ijhVw ikswn bI.sI.AweI. dy inXmW nUM iDAwn iv`c r`K ky ikswn nrmw pYdw krdw hY ausnUM cMgw nrmw kih

2. AYs.AYc.eI. (SHE): auh ikswn ijhVy iksy Kws kMm leI hI mzdUr lgwauNdy hn[ ijvyN ik nrmw cugxw, k`K mwrny, spry krnI Awid[ ieh lybr bMnvI vI ho skdI hY[ 3. AYl.AYP.eI. (LFE): auh ikswn ijhVy bMnvyN mzdUr r`Kdy hn ijvyN sIrI pwlI Awid[

pYdwvwr dw qrIkw Production Criteria &sl dI sWB sMBwl Crop Protection

1.1. srvp`KI kIt mYnyzmYNt

An Integrated Pest Management Programme is adopted that includes the following elements:
1. ishqmMd &sl pYdw krnw - growing of a healthy crop; and 2. Kqrnwk kIiVAW dI igxqI nUM vDx qoN rokxw - prevention of build-up of pest populations 3. im`qr kIiVAW dI igxqI nUM vDwvw dyxw preservation and

enhancement of populations of beneficial insects; and 4. &sl dw inrIKx roz krnw - regular field observations of the crops health and key pest and beneficial insects; 5. &sl dI pRqIroDk SkqI dw iKAwl r`Kxw - management of resistance 1.2. kyvl Eh kItnwSk vrqoN - Only pesticides that are:

1. ijhnW dI isPwriS kIqy geI hovy - registered nationally for the crop being treated; and 2. ijhnW dw lybl nYSnl BwSw iv`c l`igAw hovy - correctly labelled in the national language, are used 1.3 pRqIbMDq kItnwSkW dI vrqoN nw kro

Pesticides listed in the Stockholm Convention are not used

1.4 iCVkwA isrP auhI ivAkqI kry jo

Pesticides are prepared and applied by persons who are:

1. ishqmMd hovy - healthy 2. jwxkwr Aqy iJVkwA krn dI isKlweI leI hovy - skilled and trained in the application of pesticides; and 3. aumr 18 swl qoN v`D hovy - 18 or older; and

4. jykr AOrq hY qW auh grBvqI nw hovy - not pregnant or nursing 1.5 auh kItnwSk nw vrqoN ijhVy

Use of pesticides in any of the following categories:

1. pRqIbMDq hox - Rotterdam Convention 2. ijhnW nwl ishq nUM Kqrw hovy Those are dangerous for health 1.6 kItnwSkW dI vrqoN krdy smyN ku`J Kws g`lW dw iDAwn r`Kxw cwhIdw hY ijvyN ik jsqwny pihn ky, bUt pihx ky Aqy hvw dI idSw dyK ky krnI cwhIdI hY[

Pesticides are always prepared and applied by persons who correctly use appropriate protective and safety equipment
1.7 kItnwSmW dy brqwnW nUM suc`jy FMg nwl sMBwl krky vwqwvrn nUM dUiSq hox qoN rokxw cwhIdw hY[

Pesticide application equipment and containers are stored, handled and cleaned so as to avoid environmental harm and human exposure
1.8 kItnwSkW dI vrqoN dw shI smW (qyz hvw nw cldI hovy jW izAwdw qyz grmI nw hovy)

Pesticides are applied in appropriate weather conditions, according to label directions and or manufacturer's directions, with appropriate and well maintained equipment
1.9 kItnwSkW dy BWifAW nUM dbw idE jW nSt kr idE[

Used pesticide containers are collected by a recycling programme, or disposed of safely

2. pwxI dI sMBwl Water conservation

2.1 bwirS vrqI ielwikAW iv`c pwxI dI sMBwl krnI cwhIdI hY[

Rain fed cotton: Water management practices are adopted that optimise water use
2.2 pwxI dI vrqoN ies qrHW krnI cwhIdI hY qW ik auh pwxI dy somy nUM jW zmIn hyTly pwxI nUM nukswn nw phuMcy[

Management practices are adopted to ensure that water extraction does not cause adverse effects on groundwater or water bodies

3. im`tI dI sMBwl SOIL Conservation

3.1 im`tI dI aupjwau SkqI nUM vDwaux leI auprwlw krnw cwhIdw hY ijvyN rUVHI Kwd vrq ky, hrI Kwd vrq ky[

Soil management practices are adopted that maintain and enhance the structure and fertility of the soil
3.2 zrUrI q`q im`tI dI zrUrq Anuswr shI smyN isr qy mwqrw iv`c pwauxwy cwhIdy hn[

Nutrients are applied on the basis of crop and soil needs. Timing, placement and quantity applied are all optimised.
3.3 im`tI dI sWB sMBwl ies qrHW krnI cwhIdI hY qW ik BUmI Kor GtwieAw jw sky Aqy pwxI dy somyN vI dUiSq nw hox[

Management practices are adopted that minimise erosion, so that soil movement is minimised and water courses, drinking water sources and other bodies of water are protected from farm run-off.

4. rihx leI kudrqI sQwn jW Gr - HABITAT

4.1 KyqI ies qrHW krnI cwhIdI hY qW ik Awly duAwly iv`c ivl`Kxqw bxI rhy[

Practices are adopted that enhance biodiversity on and surrounding the farm
4.2 nrmw pYdw krn leI ikswn nUM BUmI r`iKAk kwnUMn Anuswr hI BUmI dI vrqoN krnI cwhIdI hY[

The use and conversion of land to grow cotton conforms with national legislation related to agricultural land use.

5. rySy dI guxv`qw - FIBRE QUALITY

5.1 rySy dI guxv`qw dw iDAwn r`Kxw cwhIdw hY[

Management practices are adopted that maximise the fibre quality

5.2 nrmy dI sWB sMBwl dOrwn imlwvt (p`qI Awwid) qoN bcwauxw cwhIdw hY[

Seed cotton is harvested, managed, and stored to minimise trash, contamination and damage

6. sMqoKjnk kMm - DECENT WORK

6.1 Coty ikswnW nUM Awpxw gru`p bxwaux dI AzwdI hY[ ijhV ik auhnW dI rUcI nUM drswauNdw hovy[

Smallholders (including tenants, sharecroppers and other categories) have the right, on a voluntary basis, to establish and develop organisations representing their interests
6.2 auhnW dI rozwnw dI vrqoN leI pwxI muh`eIAw krvwauxw cwhIdw hY[

Access to potable and washing water is provided.

6.3 bwl mzdUrI nhIN hoxI cwhIdI[

There is no child labour, in accordance with ILO Convention 138.(See ILO Convention 138)
6.4 Kqrnwk kMm leI G`toN G`t aumr 18 swl hoxI cwhIdI hY[

For hazardous work, the minimum age is 18 years of age

6.5 mzdUr nwl D`kySwhI nhIN krnI cwhIdI[

Employment is freely chosen: no forced or compulsory labour, including bonded or trafficked labour
6.6 gr`up, mYNbriS`p Awid dy ADwr qy mzdurW nwl BydBwv nhIN krnw cwhIdw[

There is no discrimination (distinction, exclusion, or preference) practised that denies or impairs equality of opportunity, conditions, or treatment based on individual characteristics and group membership or association.
6.7 hryk kwmy nUM AwpxI mrzI muqwibk pwrtI cunx dw h`k hY Aqy auh Awpxw mu`K aupwDk cux ky, pRogrwm bxw skdw hY[

All workers and employers have the right to set up and join organisations of their own choosing, and to draw up their constitutions and rules, to elect their representatives and to formulate their programmes
6.8 kwmy nUM AwpxI smr`Qw Anuswr sOdw krn dw h`k hY[

Workers and employers have the right to bargain collectively

6.11 kwmw ijhVw kMm krdw hY aus dOrwn AwpxI ishq dI sWB sMBwl r`Kx dI isKlweI lYNdw hY[

Workers receive regular health and safety training appropriate to the work that they perform
6.15 kwmy dI G`toN G`t mzdUrI rwStrI mzdUrI AYkt jW lokl kwnUMn dy ihswb nwl qih krnI cwhIdI (ijhVI v`D hovy) hY[

Waged workers are paid wages at least equivalent to the applicable legal national minimum wage or regional norm, whichever is higher
6.16 jy mzdUr Tyky qy kMm krdw hY qW ausnUM id`qI jwx vwlI rwSI G`toN G`t rwStrI mzdUrI kwnUMn dy jW iPr ies ielwky iv`c G`to G`t c`l rhI mzdUrI dy Anuswr hoxI cwhIdI hY (ijhVI v`D hovy) [

Where workers are paid at a piecerate, this rate permits the worker to earn the applicable national minimum wage or regional norm (whichever is higher) during normal working hours and under normal operating conditions
6.17 mzdUr dI mzdUrI ngdI dy rUp iv`c jW ijs qrHW ausnUM cMgI l`gy auhI dyxI cwhIdI hY[

Workers are paid regularly in cash, or in a form that is convenient to them

6.18 ijho ijhw kMm Eho ijhy pYsy vwly isDWq nUM mMnxw cwhIdw hY[

The principle of equal pay for work of equal value is observed

6.19 mzdUr dI kMm krn dIAW SrqW pihlW hI aus qoN lY lYxIAW cwhIdIAW hn[

The worker's consent is obtained in advance as regards all working conditions

6.20 mzdUrW nUM rozgwr kwnUMn dy ADwr qy hI kMm dyxw cwhIdw hY[

Workers are employed under legally binding (preferably written) contracts of employment
6.25 mzdUr nUM iksy qrHW dI srIrk jW idmwgI szw nhIN id`qI jwxI cwhIdI hI, kMm dOrwn aus nwl, SrIrk soSx jW Ap`qIjnk BwSw dw iesqymwl nhIN kIqw jwxw cwhIdw hY[

Employers do not engage in or tolerate the use of corporal punishment, mental or physical coercion, sexual or other harassment or physical or verbal abuse of any kind.

List of Villages and Scouts adopted under WWF project Sustainable Production of Cotton for economic growth, farm livelihoods and ecosystem health in Malwa region of Punjab District: Mansa
the Fathers Name

Sr. No

Village Name

Block

District

Name Scout

of

Mobile No.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Gehle Bhaini Bagha Thuthianwali Dulowal Gagowal Chakarian Barnala Buraj Rathi Khara Heerewala Bhame Khurd Gurne Klan Uddat Saide Lakhmirwala Madhali Kuleri Gurne Khurd Malkpur Bhimra

Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Jhunir Budhladda Budhladda Budhladda Budhladda Budhladda Budhladda Budhladda

Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa

Rameshwar Das Jasvir Singh Harbhajan Singh Pargat Singh Charnjit Singh Sonu Jaspal Singh Gurnam Singh Jasvir Singh Amritpal Singh Gulzar Singh Mithu Singh Jaspal Singh Nardip Singh Parshotam Singh Gian Singh Rajinder Singh Satwant Singh

Tek Chand Mahinder Singh Mithu Singh Sukhdev Singh Kunda Singh Jagdish Kumar Bhura Singh Gora Singh Kakkan Singh Gurchet Singh Kapoor Singh Chhota Singh Balwinder Singh Nirbhai Singh Bacchan Singh Gurtaj Singh Pirthi Singh Sadhu Singh

9463213013 9872139148 9872139148 9417832102 9878303737 9876762864 9872747909 9463842810 9872126380 9463631044 9915272428 9872387455 9876201948 9464355499 9915670752 9463552766 9501933842 9914242680

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Ahmedpur Krandi Jhanda Khurd Mankhera Khaira Khurd Khaira Klan Rorki

Budhladda Sardoolgarh Sardoolgarh Sardoolgarh Sardoolgarh Sardoolgarh Sardoolgarh

Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa Mansa

Bhola ram Dalbir Singh Om prakash Rajkumar Atma Ram Arjun Kumar Jasvir Singh

Hakam Singh Fakir ram Banwari lal Jagdish Rai Shankar lal Bhagwana Ram Gurcharn Singh

9878256153 95922401348 09728397525 9465989121 9501128234 9417729834 7589214165

SRTT - Cotton Wheat Project (2013-14) District Mansa, Cluster- Jhunir Sr No. Village Name / Fathers Name Main Cluster 1. 2 3. 4. Burj Bhlai Ke Ulk Beerewala Ghudduwala Sukhdev Singh S/o Balvir Singh Randhir Singh S/o Daljeet Singh Mandeep Singh S/o Baldev Singh Jasveer Singh S/o Malha Singh

Designation

Cluster Incharge Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout

Sub Cluster I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Talwandi Aklia Maakha Dalieawala Chailianwali Bannawali Peron Raipur Sewak Singh S/o Balour Singh Sikander singh S/o Tek Singh Baljeet Singh S/o Bhagwant Singh Nirmal Singhs/o Pal Singh Kamaljit Singh S/o Gurdas Singh Jasveer Singh S/o Darshan Singh Balwinder Singh S/o Sukhdev Singh Subcluter Incharge Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout

Sub Cluster II 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Ramanandi Bhame Klan Laalianwali Chappianwali Dasaundia Bajewala Sahniawali Parmjit Singh S/o Gurpiar Singh Amrik Singh S/o Labh Singh Jaggar Singh S/o Nihaal Singh Kirpal Singh S/o Kulwant Singh Rajinder Singh S/o Gurdev Singh Najar Singh S/o Mal Singh Subcluter Incharge Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout

Sub Cluster III 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Jorkian Mian Jheerianwali Kusla Tibbi Jagatgarh Bandar Tandian Jagseer Singh S/o Ajaib Singh Angraz Singh S/o Lakha Singh Sukhjinder Singh S/o Basant Singh Lakhwinder Singh S/o Karnail Singh Gurtej Singh S/o Darshan Singh Gurmeet Singh S/oAmarjeet Singh Resham Singh S/o Kaur Singh Subcluter Incharge Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout Volunteer /Scout