Chapter 5 Light (Teacher's)

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide
Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light
CHAPTER 5: LIGHT
In each o the ollo!ing sentences" ill in the #rac$et the appropriate !ord or !ords gi%en #elo!& solid, liquid, gas, vacuum, electromagnetic wave, energy '& Light is a orm o ( energy )& Electromagnetic wave ) *& It tra%els in the orm o ( +& In can tra%el through ( Solid, liquid, gas and vacuum ) vacuum 4& It tra%els astest in the medium o ( ) 5& Light o di erent colours tra%els at the same speed in the medium o ( vacuum Light allo!s us to see o#,ects& Light can #e re lected or re racted& 5.1 UNDERSTANDING REFLECTION OF LIGHT Plane mirror and refle !ion- In the #o.es pro%ided or the diagram #elo!" !rite the name o each o the parts indicated& Incident angle Incident ray i Point of incidence Plane mirror La"# of Refle !ion- /tate the la!s o re lection& (i) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the point of incidence, all lie in 00000000000000000000000000000000000& the same plane. 000000000000000000000000000000000&& 00& r Normal Reflected angle
Reflected ray
r Plane mirror
(ii)
00000000000000000000000000000000000& &
'
The angle of incidence, i & The angle of reflection, r 00000000000000000000000000000000000& & E$er i#e 1: The diagram #elo! sho!s ho! the relationship #et!een incident angle and re lected angle can #e in%estigated& Fill in the %alues o the angles o re lection" r in the ta#le #elo!
mirror i r
2N 2FF 2N 2FF
i r
mirror
Laser pen
Laser pen
ir'3 !*3"!+3#!43$!53%!
E$er i#e %:
2riginal direction Mirror
4ased on the diagram on the le t" calculate the angle" & 5ence determine the angle o de%iation" d&
53
o o
& $!o d & '!o
normal
Ima&e formed '( a )lane mirror- 1sing the la! o re lection" complete the ray diagram to determine the position o the image&
o#,ect
Image
i' r'
9ye
Perpendicular to the mirror 6hat can you say a#out the line ,oining o#,ect and image7 000000000000000 +, & ,6hat can you say a#out the distances 84 and 4C7 000000000000000000&& Differen e# 'e!"een real and *ir!+al ima&e:eal image;irtual imageCan #e caught on a screenCannot #e caught on a screenFormed #y the meeting o real rays&Form at a position !here rays appear to #e originating&
C,ara !eri#!i # of ima&e formed '( )lane mirror- 2#ser%e the pictures #elo! as !ell as using pre%ious $no!ledge" list the characteristics& i) virtual
mir ror
ii) laterally inverted

o#,ect image
iii) same si(e as o)*ect i%) o)*ect distance & image distance E$er i#e 1-
Complete the ray diagram #elo! consisting o * rays originating rom the o#,ect" re lected and entering the eye such that the eye sees the image&
Mirror
9ye
o#,ect
E$er i#e %8hmad is mo%ing !ith speed * m s<' to!ards a plane mirror& 8hmad and his image !ill approach each other at ' m s<' * m s<' + m s<' 4 m s<' E$er i#e -Four point o#,ects 8" 4" C and = are placed in ront o a plane mirror MN as sho!n& 4et!een their images" !hich can #e seen #y the eye7
image + image , image image .
9ye
8 4 C =
/nly image . can )e seen )ecause the line *oining image . to the eye cuts the actual mirror
ACTI.IT/-
Find out some o the uses o plane mirrors (application o re lection)&
C+r*ed 0irror#Concave mirror Convex mirror
C r
C r
Terminolo&(- :e er to the diagrams a#o%e and gi%e the names or the ollo!ingC = Centre of curvature r = Radius of curvature P = Pole PC = Principal axis
Effe ! of +r*ed mirror# on in iden! ra(#a) In iden! ra(# )arallel !o !,e )rin i)al a$i#-
Concave mirror
Convex mirror P P F C
f r
/tudy the diagrams a#o%e and ill in the #lan$s or the ollo!ing sentences& Rays parallel to the principal axis converge at the ,F 0ocal point F is positioned at the .. between C and P 1id point FP is named the which is denoted by f. 0ocal length Hence write an equation giving the relationship between r and f.
f r
r > *f
#) In iden! ra(# )arallel !o ea , o!,er '+! no! )arallel !o !,e )rin i)al a$i# -
Con a*e mirror
Con*e$ mirror
Focal plane
Focal plane F f r P P F f r C
/tudy the diagrams a#o%e and ill in the #lan$s in the ollo!ing sentences& secondary focus Parallel rays con%erge at a point called 00000000000 The ray passing through C is re lected #ac$ along the line o the00000000&ray& secondary foci incident focal length The distance #et!een the ocal plane and the mirror is the 0000000000&"f&
Ima&e formed '( +r*ed mirror (ray diagram method) Prin i)le of dra"in& ra( dia&ram#a. Ra(# )arallel !o !,e )rin i)al a$i# are refle !ed !,ro+&, !,e )rin i)al fo +#1 F.
Concave mirror
Convex mirror
E$er i#e 1- Complete the ray diagrams #elo!-
Concave mirror
Convex mirror
'2 Ra(# )a##in& !,ro+&, !,e )rin i)al fo +# are refle !ed )arallel !o !,e )rin i)al a$i#.
Concave mirror E$er i#e %a) Complete the ray diagrams #elo!-
Convex mirror
Concave mirror
Convex mirror
'2 Ra(# )a##in& !,ro+&, !,e en!er of +r*a!+re are refle !ed dire !l( 'a 3.
Concave mirror
Convex mirror
E$er i#e -- Complete the ray diagrams #elo!-
Concave mirror
Convex mirror
Ima&e formed '( on a*e mirror: 1sing the principles o construction o ray diagram" complete the ray diagrams or each o the cases sho!n #elo!u > o#,ect distanceA % > image distanceA > ocal lengthA r > radius o cur%ature Ca#e 1: u 4 %f Conca%e mirror o#,ect C image F F
5ence state the characteristics o image ormedi) diminished Ca#e %: u 5 %f or u = r Conca%e mirror o#,ect C image F F ii) real iii) inverted
Characteristics o image ormedi) /ame siCe ii) real iii) inverted
Ca#e -: f 6 u 6 %f Conca%e mirror o#,ect C image F F
Characteristics o image ormedi) magnified Ca#e 7: u5f Conca%e mirror o#,ect C F F ii) real iii) inverted
Characteristics o image ormedi) Image at infinity Ca#e 5: u6f
Conca%e mirror o#,ect F F image
Characteristics o image ormedi) magnified ii) virtual iii) upright
Ima&e formed '( on*e$ mirror: (using construction o ray diagram)&
u > o#,ect distanceA % > image distanceA > ocal lengthA r > radius o cur%ature o#,ect C F Con%e. mirror image F
Characteristics o image ormedi) diminished U#e# of +r*ed mirror#Ne"!on8# Tele# o)e- Fill in the #o.es the type o mirror used
Plane mirror
ii) virtual
iii) upright
Lens Eye Concave mirror
Car ,ead lam)
Cur%ed mirror
lamp
OFF
6here should the lamp #e placed to achie%e the a#o%e result7 +t the principal focus
5.% UNDERSTANDING REFRACTION OF LIGHT
'3
air
!ater
6hat is the phenomenon !hich causes the #ending o light in the picture a#o%e7 refraction 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 6hy did this #ending o light occur7 (thin$ in terms o %elocity o light) The velocity of light changes when it travels from one medium into another 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0
Refra !ion of li&,!Fill in each o the #o.es the name o the part sho!n Air
Incident ray
Incident angle
Normal Refracted angle Refracted ray
i Glass r r
Air
Emergent angle
Emergent ray
''
Dire !ion of refra !ionnormal Less dense medium =enser medium normal
denser medium Less dense medium
=ra! on the diagrams a#o%e the appro.imate directions the re racted rays& 6hen light tra%els rom a less dense medium to a denser medium" the ray is re racted 9!o"ard:a"a( from2 the normal at point o incidence& 6hen light tra%els rom a more dense medium to a less dense medium" the ray is re racted 9!o"ard:a"a( from2 the normal at point o incidence& Snell8# la"The ratio of sin3angle of incident4 to sin3angle of refraction4 is a /nells la! states that 00000000000000000000 constant i.e.
sin ( incident angle ) = constant sin ( refracted angle )
Refractive inde5, n 6hat is the name and sym#ol o the constant7 0000000000&& E$er i#e 1:e erring to the diagram on the right" Calculate the re racti%e inde. o liEuid<F&
n= sin ( ?3 ) sin ( +3 3 )
3
?3o 8ir LiEuid<F +3o
& .2#"
'*
E$er i#e %:e erring to the diagram on the right" Calculate the re racti%e inde. o liEuid<G& 8ir LiEuid<G n & .$ $ +3o 45o
E$er i#e -9ye 8ir 2n the diagram to the right" dra! t!o rays !hich originate rom the ish to sho! ho! a person o#ser%ing rom a#o%e the sur ace o the !ater is a#le to see the image o the ish at an apparent depth less than the actual depth o the ish& !ater image
o#,ect
E$er i#e 78n eEuation that gi%es the relationship #et!een apparent depth" real depth and the re racti%e inde. o !ater or the diagram a#o%e is
n= real depth apparent depth
I the ish is at an actual depth o 4 m and the re racti%e inde. o !ater is '&++" !hat is the apparent depth o the image7 +pparent depth & # m
'+
5.- UNDERSTANDING TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION OF LIGHT Cri!i al an&le and !o!al in!ernal refle !ionFigures a" # and c sho! rays #eing directed rom liEuid<G !hich is denser than air to!ards the air at di erent angles o incident"& 8ir 8ir D3o LiEuid<G iHC Figure a LiEuid<G i>C Partial re lection Figure #
8mong the igures a" # and c" only Figure a has a complete ray diagram& (i) (ii) (iii) Complete the ray diagrams or Figure # and Figure c& -ritical angle The angle" - is called 00000000& The phenomenon !hich occurs in Figure c yang is called Total internal reflection 00000000000000& 8ir LiEuid<G iIFigure c Total re lection
(i%)
/tate * conditions !hich must #e satis ied in order or the phenomenon you mentioned in (iii) to occur& 6ight must travel from denser medium to less dense medium 000000000000000000000000000000000 The angle of incident must )e greater than the critical angle 000000000000000000000000000000000 D3o
E$er i#e 1:e erring to igure d and using /nells la!" !rite an eEuation that gi%es the relationship #et!een the critical angle" -" the re racted angle and the re racti%e inde. o liEuid<G
n= ' sin ( - )
8ir LiEuid<G -
Figure d
'4
E$er i#e %:e erring to Figure e" determine the re racti%e inde. o liEuid<J
n= ' sin (+3 3 )
8ir LiEuid<J +3o
D3o
>*
Figure e E$er i#e -9.plain !hy a pencil partially immersed in !ater loo$s #ent&(1se a ray diagram)& 9ye
image
E$er i#e 7Complete the path o the ray in the diagram #elo! and e.plain ho! a mirage is ormed& o#,ect Layer o cool air 9ye i8-
Layer o hot air ground
.uring the day, the ground is heated )y the sun. The layer of air near the ground is hotter than the layers a)ove. 7ot air is less dense than cool air. Therefore ray from o)*ect is refracted away from
'5
the normal. 9hen angle of incident )ecomes larger than the critical angle, total internal reflection occurs. Thus a mirage is formed. Image 3mirage4 E$er i#e 5Completing the ray diagram #elo!" to sho! ho! a periscope !or$s- (critical angle o glass > 4*o)
2#,ect
Glass prism $%o Total internal reflection ta:es place )ecause angle of incident 8 critical angle
9ye
'?
5.7 UNDERSTANDING LENSES T,in Len#e# T()e# of len#e# - Name the types o lenses sho!n #elo!& (i)
a& ,iconve5
#& Plano;conve5
c& -onve5 meniscus
(ii)
a& ,iconcave
#& Plano;concave
c& -oncave meniscus
Forma!ion of a on*e$ len# and !erminolo&(: name the parts sho!n /ptic centre
Principal a5is
-entre of curvature
Forma!ion of a on a*e len# and !erminolo&(: name the parts sho!n /ptic centre Principal a5is
-entre of curvature
'@
Refra !ion of ra(# )arallel !o !,e )rin i)al a$i# of a on*e$ len#=ra! in the ollo!ing diagrams the paths o the rays a ter passing through the lens& 6rite in the #o.ed pro%ided" the name o the point or line sho!n& i)
Principal focus F
ii)
Principal focus F
iii) F
0ocal plane
Secondary focus
i%) Secondary focus
0ocal plane
'B
Prin i)le# of on#!r+ !in& ra( dia&ram#- Complete the path o each ray a ter passing through the lens i) ii) iii)
F F i) F F F ii) F
F F
iii) F F F
i) ii) iii)
8 ray parallel to principal a.is appears to pass through the ocal point& 8 ray passing through the optical centre is unde%iated& 8 ray directed to!ards the ocal point emerges parallel to the principal a.is&
E$er i#e 1/tate the meaning o each o the ollo!ing termsi) Focal length " f - The distance )etween optic centre and the principal focus
ii) 2#,ect distance" u - The distance )etween the o)*ect and optic centre iii) Image distance" v - The distance )etween the image and the optic centre E$er i#e %=escri#e ho! you !ould estimate the ocal length o a con%e. lens in the school la#& Place the lens facing the window on the far side of the la). +d*ust the distance of a screen )ehind the lens until a sharp image of the window is formed. 1easure the focal length 3distance )etween the lens and the image4.
'D
C,ara !eri#!i # of ima&e formed '( a on*e$ len# - (Construction o ray diagram method) Construct ray diagrams or each o the ollo!ing cases and state the characteristics o the image ormed& i2 Ca#e 1 - u 4 %f !here u > o#,ect distance A and f > ocal length o lens& Lens o#,ect *F Characteristics o image.iminished, real and inverted ii2 Ca#e % - u 5 %f Lens o#,ect *F Characteristics o imageSame si(e, real and inverted iii2 Ca#e - - %f 4 u 4 f Lens o#,ect *F F F image F F image F F image
Characteristics o image1agnified, real and inverted
*3
i*2 Ca#e 7 - u = f
Lens o#,ect *F F F
Characteristics o imageImage at infinity
*2 Ca#e 5 - u < f
image o#,ect *F F
Lens F
Characteristics o image1agnified, virtual, upright E$er i#eIn each o the ollo!ing statements #elo!" ill in the space pro%ide one o the ollo!ing conditions& ( u 8 "f < "f & u < "f 8 u 8 f < u 8 f < u = f ) i) To o#tain a real image" the o#,ect must #e placed at a distance u such that 0 u 8 f 000 ii) To o#tain a %irtual image" the o#,ect must #e placed at a distance u such that u = f 000
*'
C,ara !eri#!i # of ima&e formed '( on a*e len# - (#y construction o ray diagrams ) Construct a ray diagram or each o the ollo!ing and state the characteristics o the image ormed i) Lens o#,ect *F F image F
Characteristics o image.iminished, virtual, upright ii) Lens o#,ect *F F image F
Characteristics o image .iminished, virtual, upright No!e- Image ormed #y a conca%e lens is al!ays diminished" %irtual and on the same side o the lens as the o#,ect& Po"er of a len# 9p2 The po!er o the lens is gi%en #yPo!er o lens > focal length Si&n on*en!ion ( or ocal length) and the /&I& unit or po!er o a lens& The ocal length o a con%e. lens is (positi%eKnegati%e) The ocal length o a conca%e lens is (positi%eKnegati%e) The /&I& unit or the po!er o a lens is0.ioptre0and its sym#ol is0.0 6hen calculating the po!er o a lens" the unit o the ocal length must #e in (mKcm) E$er i#e 1 - 8 conca%e lens has a ocal length o '3 cm& 6hat is its po!er7
p= ' f
'
>
' 3 &'
> <'3 =
**
E$er i#e % - The po!er o a lens is L 5 =& /tate !hether it is a con%e. lens or a conca%e lens and calculate its ocal length& -onve5 lens& f > *3 cm
Linear 0a&nifi a!ion 9m2 =e initionLinear ma&nifi a!ion > height o o#,ect
m= hi h3
height o image
4ased o the de inition a#o%e and the ray diagram #elo!" deri%e an e.pression or the relationship #et!een linear magni ication" m" the o#,ect distance" u and the image distance" v&
4 ho 8 u
Lens 2
v C = hi
The triangles" 842 and =C2 are similar triangles& There ore"
hi v = h3 u
m= v u
There ore"
Len# form+la The relationship #et!een the o#,ect distance" u" image distance" v" and the ocal length" f, o a lens is gi%en #y
' ' ' + = u v f
This lens ormula is %alid or #oth con%e. and conca%e lenses&
6hen using the len# form+la" the Mreal i# )o#i!i*e #i&n on*en!ion must #e ollo!ed&
*+
The rules stated in this sign con%ention are') The focal length of a conve5 lens is positive while the focal length of a concave lens is negative *) /)*ect distance is positive for real o)*ect +) Image distance is positive for real image> image distance is negative for virtual image
A))li a!ion of !,e len# form+laE$er i#e 1& 8n o#,ect is placed '3 cm in ront o a con%erging lens o ocal length '5 cm& Calculate the image distance and state the characteristics o the image ormed&
' ' ' + = u v f
' ' ' + = '3 v '5 ' ' ' = v '5 '3
v & ; #! cm Image is virtual E$er i#e % 8n o#,ect is placed +3 cm in ront o a con%erging lens o ocal length *5 cm& a) Find the position o the image" and state !hether the image is real or %irtual& #) Calculate the linear magni ication o the image&
' ' ' = + +3 v *5
v & %! cm ? Image is real m & v<u m & %!<#! m&% E$ er i#e - - 8n o#,ect is placed +3 cm in ront o a di%erging lens o ocal length *3 cm& Calculate the image distance and state !hether the image is real or %irtual&
' ' ' + = +3 v *3
v > < '* cm A image is %irtual Len#e# and o)!i al in#!r+men!# 1. 0a&nif(in& &la## 9#im)le mi ro# o)e 2-
*4
8 lens acts as a magni ying glass !hen the o#,ect is placed as in case 5 on page *+& i) 8 magni ying glass consists o a ( on*er&in& : di*er&in&) lens& ii) The o#,ect must #e placed at a distance (more !,an f : #ame a# f : le## !,an f : 'e!"een f and %f : more !,an %f) in order or the lens to act as a magni ying glass& iii) The characteristics o the image ormed #y a magni ying glass are yang (real : *ir!+al) A (in*er!ed : +)ri&,!) A (ma&nified :dimini#,ed) A (on !,e #ame #ide a# !,e o';e ! : on !,e o))o#i!e #ide of !,e o';e !)& i%) Greater magni ication can #e o#tained #y using a lens !hich has (lon& : #,or!) ocal length& Complete the ray diagram #elo! to sho! ho! a magni ying glass produces an image o the o#,ect&
image o#,ect *F F
Lens F
E$er i#e 1 - 8 magni ying glass produces an image !ith linear magni ication > 4& I the po!er o the lens is L'3 =" ind the o#,ect distance and image distance&
4= v u
' f
v = 4u
f ='3 cm
'3 =
' ' ' + = u 4u '3 u = '*&5 cm
v & %! cm E$er i#e %: 6hich o the ollo!ing lenses !ith their po!ers gi%en #elo! ma$es the magni ying glass !ith the highest po!er o magni ication7 8& N 5 = 4& N*5 = C& L5 = =& L*5 =&
*5
%. Sim)le amera - The diagram #elo! sho!s the structure o a simple camera& In the #o.es pro%ided" !rite the names o the parts sho!n& 6ens Focusing scre! Film drum
0ilm Shutter .iaphragm =iaphragm ad,ustment ring For each o the parts you ha%e named" state its unction& 6ens> to focus a sharp image onto the film 0ilm> to record the image .iaphragm> to ad*ust the si(e of the aperture 3control the )rightness of image4. Shutter> to open and shut the camera so that the film is e5posed only for a short time. -. Slide )ro;e !or - The diagram #elo! sho!s the structure o a simple pro,ector& In the #o.es pro%ided" !rite the names o the parts sho!n /creen -oncave mirror -ondenser slide Pro*ector lens
Light source
Complete the ray diagram a#o%e to e.plain ho! the slide pro,ector !or$s&
*?
7. A#!ronomi al !ele# o)e 0a3in& of !,e a#!ronomi al !ele# o)e. The astronomical telescope consists o * ( on*er&in& : di*er&in&) lenses& The o#,ecti%e lens has ocal length" fo and the eye lens has ocal length" fe !here ( fo 6 fe K fo 4 fe )& The lenses are arranged such that the distance #et!een the o#,ecti%e lens and the eye lens is (fo < fe K fo = fe K fo $ fe K fo:fe)&
Parallel rays rom distant 2#,ecti%e lens o#,ect Fo Fe
9ye lens
Image at infinity Complete the ray diagram a#o%e to sho! ho! the astronomical telescope !or$s& C,ara !eri#!i # of ima&e formed '( an a#!ronomi al !ele# o)e The irst image ormed #y the o#,ecti%e lens is (%irtualKreal A uprightKin%erted A diminishedKmagni ied)& The inal image is (%irtualKreal A uprightKin%erted A diminishedKmagni ied)& The inal image is located at ( Fo : Fe : infini!()&
0a&nif(in& Po"er 902 M>
f f
3 e
E$er i#e8n astronomical telescope !ith high po!er o magni ication can #e #uilt using eye lens o (long K short) ocal length and o#,ecti%e lens o (long K short) ocal length&
*@
5. T,e om)o+nd mi ro# o)e S!r+ !+re of !,e om)o+nd mi ro# o)e 8 compound microscope consists o * (con%erging K di%erging) lenses The ocal length o the eye lens is (long K short) and the ocal length o the o#,ecti%e lens is (long K short)& The o#,ecti%e lens is arranged such that the o#,ect distance" u is (u & fo < fo = u = " fo < u &"fo)& The eye lens is used as a (magni ying K di%erging K pro,ector) lens& The total length" s" #et!een #oth lenses is ( s & fo @ fe A s 8 fo@fe )
L3 2#,ect Fo Fe
Le
9ye
Image"
Complete the ray diagram a#o%e to sho! ho! the compound microscope !or$s& C,ara !eri#!i # of ima&e formed '( om)o+nd mi ro# o)e The irst image ormed #y the o#,ecti%e lens is (realK%irtual A diminishedKmagni ied A uprightKin%erted )& The inal image is (realK%irtual A diminishedKmagni ied A uprightKin%erted )&
E$er i#e 1 9a2 - 8 compound microscope consists o t!o lenses o ocal lengths * cm and '3 cm& 4et!een them" !hich is more suita#le as the eye lens7 9.plain your ans!er& The ! cm lens is used as the eye lens )ecause it will ma:e a shorter microscope& 9'2- 5o! !ould you arrange the lenses in (a) to ma$e an astronomical telescope7 Ase the ! cm lens as the o)*ective lens and the " cm lens as the eye lens&
*B
Reinfor emen!Par! A'& 4et!een the ollo!ing statements a#out re lection o light" !hich is no! true7 8& 8ll light energy incident on a plane mirror is re lected& 4& The angle o incidence is al!ays the same as the angle o re lection& C& The incident ray" the re lected ray and the normal to the point o incidence" all lie on the same plane& =& The speed o the re lected ray is the same as the speed o the incident ray& *& 8 #oy stands in ront o a plane mirror& 5e o#ser%es the image o some lettering printed on his shirt& The letterings on his shirt are as sho!n in Figure '&
Figure ' 4et!een the ollo!ing images" !hich is the image o#ser%ed #y the #oy7 8 4 C =
+& Figure * sho!s an o#,ect" 2 placed in ront o a plane mirror& 4et!een the positions 8" 4" C and =" !hich is the position o the image7 8 Plane mirror 2 Figure * 4& 8 student is mo%ing !ith a %elocity o * m s<' to!ards a plane mirror& The distance #et!een the student and his image !ill mo%e to!ards each other at the rate 8& * m s<' 4& + m s<' C& 4 m s<' =& 5 m s<' 9& ? m s<' 4 C =
5& The ta#le #elo! sho!s the characteristics o the images ormed #y a conca%e mirror or %arious positions o the o#,ect& 8ll sym#ols used ha%e the usual meanings& 6hich o them is no! !r+e7
*D
8 4 C =
Po#i!ion of o';e ! u 8 "f f = u = "f u&f u=f
C,ara !eri#!i # of ima&e =iminished" in%erted" real Magni ied" in%erted" real /ame siCe" in%erted" real Magni ied" upright" %irtual
?& 6hich o the ollo!ing ray diagram is correct7 8 53o 53o C F C F 4 C
Plane mirror
Con%e. mirror
Conca%e mirror
@& The depth o a s!imming pool appears to #e less than its actual depth& The light phenomenon !hich causes this is 8& 4& C& =& :e lection :e raction =i raction Inter erence
B& The critical angle in glass is 4*o& 6hat is the re racti%e inde. o glass7 8& '&* 4& '&+ C& '&4 =& '&5 9& '&?
D& 6hich o the ollo!ing are the characteristics o an image ormed #y a magni ying glass7 8& 4& C& =& Magni ied" %irtual" in%erted =iminished" real" upright Magni ied" %irtual" upright =iminished" %irtual" in%erted
'3& 8 student is gi%en three con%e. lenses o ocal lengths * cm" '3 cm and 53 cm& 5e !ishes to construct a po!er ul astronomical telescope& 6hich o the ollo!ing arrangements should he choose7 8 4 C = Focal length o o#,ecti%e lens K cm 53 '3 * 53 Focal length o eye lens K cm * '3 53 '3
+3
Par! > '& 9ye
air !ater Image
Figure + Figure + sho!s the eye o a person loo$ing at a ish& a) /$etch a ray diagram consisting o * rays originating rom the eye o the ish to sho! !hy the image o the ish is seen closer to the sur ace& #) The ish is at a depth o * m& I the re racti%e inde. o !ater is '&++" calculate the apparent depth o the ish&
real depth apparent depth * '&++ = apparent depth n=
+pparent depth & .% m
+'
*& a) /tarting !ith the lens ormula" u + v = f " deri%e an eEuation that gi%es the relationship #et!een liner magni ication" m and the image distance" v& 5ence s$etch the graph o m against v on the a.es pro%ided #elo!&
v v v + = u v f v m +' = f ' m = v ' f
'
'
'
3 <'
(#) /tate the %alue o m at the point o intersection o the graph !ith the %ertical a.is& <' (c) =escri#e ho! you !ould determine the ocal length o the lens using the graph& The gradient of the graph gives the value of <f Therefore f = gradient o graph
'
Par! C
+*
'& 8 student used a slide pro,ector to pro,ect a picture onto the screen& Figure 'a and '# sho! the relati%e positions o the slide" pro,ector lens and the screen& It is o#ser%ed that !hen the screen is mo%ed urther a!ay (Figure '#)" the lens o the pro,ector has to #e mo%ed nearer to the slide to o#tain a sharp image& Pro,ector lens /creen /lide image
Figure 'a
Pro,ector lens /creen /lide image Figure '# 4ased on your o#ser%ations and $no!ledge o lensesA a) ma$e one suita#le in erence& The image distance is dependent on the o)*ect distance #) state an appropriate hypothesis that could #e in%estigated& The greater the o)*ect distance, the smaller the image distance c) descri#e ho! you !ould design an e.periment to test your hypothesis using a con%e. lens" ilament #ul# and other apparatus& In your description" state clearly the ollo!ing(i) aim o the e.periment To investigate the relationship )etween o)*ect distance and image distance for a conve5 lens. (ii) %aria#les in the e.periment
++
Manipulated variable> Response variable> Fixed variable>
o)*ect distance. image distance. focal length of lens&
(iii) List o apparatus and materials Apparatus> light )ul), conve5 lens of focal length ! c , white screen, metre rule, low voltage power supply and lens holder (i%) 8rrangement o the apparatus 2#,ect distance #ul# lens Image distance screen
Meter rule Lo! %oltage po!er supply
Lens holder
(%) The procedure o the e.periment" !hich includes the method o controlling the manipulated %aria#le and the method o measuring the responding %aria#le Pro ed+re'& 8rrange the apparatus as sho!n in the diagram a#o%e& *& 8d,ust the #ul# so that the o#,ect distance ( ilament)" u is +5 cm rom the lens& +& Light up the electric #ul#" ad,ust the screen position until a sharp image o the ilament is ormed on the screen& :ecord the image distance" v& 4& :epeat steps * and + or o#,ects distances o " u > +3cm" *5 cm" *3 cm" and '5 cm&
(%i) The !ay you ta#ulate the data 2#,ect distance" u Kcm +5&3 +3&3 *5&3 *3&3 '5&3 Image distance" v Kcm
(%ii) The !ay you !ould analyse the data
+4
Plot the graph of v against u *& 8 student carried out an e.periment to in%estigate the relationship #et!een o#,ect distance" u" and image distance" v" or a con%e. lens& The student used %arious %alues o u and recorded the corresponding %alues o v& The student then plotted the graph o uv against u @ v as sho!n in Figure *&
uvK cm*
533 453 433 +5355 +333 *53
*333 '53 '33 53
'3
*3 Fig!re "
+3
43
53 u @ v K cm
a)
4ased on the graph in Figure *"
+5
(i) state the relationship #et!een uv and u @ v uv is directly proportional to 3u @ v4 0000000000000000000000000000000000 O mar:P (ii) determine the %alue o u @ v !hen the %alue o uv > 433 cm*& /ho! on the graph ho! you o#tained the %alue o u L %& 43 cm From the %alue o u @ v o#tained" calculate the image distance" v !hen u > *3 cm& "! @ v > 43 v > *3 cm O# mar:sP (iii) calculate the gradient o the graph& /ho! clearly on the graph ho! you o#tained the %alues needed or the calculation& Bradient & $!!<$! & ! cm O# mar:sP #) Gi%en that the relationship #et!een u, v and ocal length" f o the con%e. lens used" is represented #y the eEuation ' L ' > ' u v f =eri%e an eEuation !hich gi%es the relationship #et!een uv and (u @ v )&
v +u ' = uv f
uv = f ( u + v )
O" mar:sP c) 1sing the eEuation deri%ed in (#)" and the %alue o gradient calculated in (a)(iii)" determine the ocal length o the lens used in the e.periment& The gradient & f Therefore f > '3 cm O" mar:sP d) /tate one precaution ta$en to ensure the accuracy o the e.periment& The o)*ect 3lamp4, lens and the screen must )e arranged in a straight line 000000000000000000000000000000000O mar:P perpendicular to the screen
+?

Chapter 5 Light (Teacher's)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 5 Light (Teacher's)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

& $!o d & '!o

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

ii) laterally inverted

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

Find out some o the uses o plane mirrors (application o re lection)&

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

C+r*ed 0irror#Concave mirror Convex mirror

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

Con a*e mirror

E$er i#e 1- Complete the ray diagrams #elo!-

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

E$er i#e -- Complete the ray diagrams #elo!-

Characteristics o image ormedi) /ame siCe ii) real iii) inverted

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

Ca#e -: f 6 u 6 %f Conca%e mirror o#,ect C image F F

Characteristics o image ormedi) Image at infinity Ca#e 5: u6f

Conca%e mirror o#,ect F F image

Characteristics o image ormedi) magnified ii) virtual iii) upright

Ima&e formed '( on*e$ mirror: (using construction o ray diagram)&

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

Lens Eye Concave mirror

Car ,ead lam)

5.% UNDERSTANDING REFRACTION OF LIGHT

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

Normal Refracted angle Refracted ray

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

denser medium Less dense medium

?3o 8ir LiEuid<F +3o

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

8ir LiEuid<J +3o

Layer o hot air ground

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

c& -onve5 meniscus

c& -oncave meniscus

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

i%) Secondary focus

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 Light

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide